Science & Mathematics

Mazkur maqolada biznes jarayonlarini boshqarishda CRM tizimidan foydalanishning ahamiyati, xususan sun’iy intellekt (AI) yordamida CRMni avtomatlashtirishning ustunliklari tahlil qilingan. CRM marketing, savdo va mijozlar bilan munosabatlarni boshqarishda samaradorlikni oshirishga xizmat qilishi, mijozlar ehtiyojini aniqlash, tezkor xizmat ko‘rsatish hamda korxona foydasini ko‘paytirishdagi o‘rni yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada logistika tizimlarida jarayonlar samaradorligini oshirishda axborot texnologiyalarining o’rni va ularning operatsion boshqaruvga ta’siri chuqur tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda raqamli texnologiyalar — Transport Management System (TMS), Warehouse Management System (WMS), IoT qurilmalar, GPS va RFID identifikatsiya vositalari, bulutli platformalar hamda sun’iy intellekt asosida prognozlash algoritmlarining logistika jarayonlarini optimallashtirishdagi funksional imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Mazkur texnologiyalarni joriy etish natijasida transport harakati va yuk aylanmasini real vaqt rejimida nazorat qilish, operatsion xarajatlarni kamaytirish, logistika xavflarini minimallashtirish, resurslardan foydalanish samaradorligini oshirish hamda ta’minot zanjirining barqarorligini ta’minlash imkoniyatlari asoslab berilgan.Shuningdek, raqamlashtirish jarayonlari korxonalarda tezkor ma’lumot almashinuvini yo‘lga qo‘yish, buyurtmalarni qayta ishlash jarayonini avtomatlashtirish, kechikishlar va inson omilidan kelib chiqadigan xatoliklarni kamaytirish, ombor va transport boshqaruvining aniqligini kuchaytirish kabi afzalliklarni yuzaga chiqarishi ilmiy dalillar asosida tahlil qilingan. Maqola yakunida logistika tizimlariga IT yechimlarni keng joriy etishning iqtisodiy samaralari, strategik ustunliklari va rivojlanish istiqbollari bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.

We propose a formal, testable framework that models human "selection of viewpoints" as a structured, explainable Bayesian hypothesis-selection process. Each candidate viewpoint is treated as a discrete hypothesis; the cognitive state is a joint selection vector over hypotheses whose probability is governed by evidential potentials and structured relational factors (support, conflict, causation). Rather than casting selection as a linear dimensionality reduction (e.g., PCA), we cast it as a structured MAP/posterior-mass selection problem over combinatorial hypothesis subsets subject to interpretability and parsimony constraints. We present (1) a generative factor-graph formalization, (2) objective functions combining posterior mass, model complexity, and explainability penalties, (3) tractable approximate inference and greedy MAP algorithms suitable for cognitive modeling or AI reasoning modules, and (4) an iterative Candidate–Select–Update (CSU) algorithm that captures the loop of hypothesis generation, adjudication, adoption, and subsequent proposal of novel hypotheses. We outline experimental paradigms (behavioral and computational) to validate the model and discuss applications to explainable AI, chain-of-thought reasoning in LLMs, and algorithmic implementations.

Jahonda iqtisodiy, siyosiy, madaniy, ilmiy va axborot texnologiyalarining rivojlanib borishi natijasida milliy qadriyatlar, an’ana va urf-odatlarning ahamiyati, ijtimoiy hayotda tutgan o‘rni doimiy yangilanayotgan talablar va xavf-xatarlar bilan yuzma-yuz kelmoqda Ayniqsa, yosh avlodning, xususan, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining ruhiy(psixik) tarbiyasini to‘g‘ri yo‘lga qo‘yish, ularning mustahkam ma’naviyat egasi bo‘lib voyaga yetishida pedagogik strategiyalarni belgilash nihoyatda dolzarb masalalardan biridir.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Both the invasion of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS) and the generation and accumulation of anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) are pervasive problems in coastal urban ecosystems. The biosecurity risks associated with AMD rafting NIMS have been described, but the role of aquaculture derived AMD has not yet been investigated as a biosecurity vector and pathway. This preliminary study targeted 27 beaches along the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, collecting debris from belt transects. Plastic (specifically plastic rope) was the dominant AMD present on beaches. The most common biofouling taxa were hydroids, bryozoans, algae and polychaetes, with one NIMS pest species, Sabella spallanzanii, detected fouling plastic rope. Our findings demonstrate that aquaculture is an AMD (plastic rope) generating activity that creates biosecurity risk by enhancing the spread of NIMS. The rafting of S. spallanzanii on AMD generated at aquaculture facilities is currently an unmanaged pathway within New Zealand that needs attention.

bigoti Toma & Guimarães, 2002: 45.Type locality: Peru, Huanuco, Tingo Maria. HT M (AMNH).Distr.: Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil (Toma & Guimarães, 2002; Toma, 2008). Refs.: Toma & Guimarães, 2002: 45 (desc., key to species). Comm.: This species is not recorded to Colombia, but is likely to occur in the country.

Introduction. Despite the impossibility of overestimating the importance of compliance with academic norms in conducting scientific research, there has been an increase in the diversity and number of academic deviations, and violations of academic ethics have become routine and are not perceived by the university community as a serious problem. The attitude of scientists toward violations of academic ethics and the need to comply with them remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to determine the importance of compliance with academic ethics standards for researchers at universities in the Northwestern Federal District. Materials and Methods. The study employed a mixed-methods design, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through five focus groups with postgraduate students from Saint Petersburg universities and an expert online survey of 115 university representatives from the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. Focus groups were organized to familiarize participants with the arguments of young researchers regarding the possibilities of academic deviations. An online survey allowed for quantitative assessments of various positions on the research topic, and the use of scales allowed for a quantitative assessment of qualitative characteristics, in particular the relevance of the problem of academic fraud for universities. Results. The research hypothesis about the presence of high tolerance for violations of academic ethical norms and a decline in trust in the mechanisms for controlling compliance with these norms was confirmed. Postgraduate students adapt to academic anomie, believing that the requirements of academic ethics in writing dissertations in the humanities and social sciences are very difficult to fulfill. Representatives of educational institutions in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia are willing to justify deviations from academic ethical norms in the presence of objective circumstances. External social control over compliance with academic ethics is recognized as ineffective, due to the impunity of scientists with confirmed plagiarism. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the conducted research confirm the dominance of rational and pragmatic expediency in the scientific and pedagogical community today. The norms of academic ethics are declared, but not respected, deviant practices become routine, thereby normalized. According to the respondents, external social control over compliance with academic standards is ineffective, which inevitably leads to an increase in violations of academic ethics. The results of the study confirm the dominance of rational-pragmatic expediency in the scientific and pedagogical community today.

Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 24.02.2020 y. PQ-4611-son “Moliyaviy hisobotning xalqaro standartlariga o‘tish bo‘yicha qo‘shimcha chora-tadbirlar to‘g‘risida”gi qarori bo‘yicha olib borilgan islohotlar hamda MHXSni joriy etish asoslari tartib bilan ifodalangan.Shuningdek olib borilayotgan amaliy ishlar boyicha misollar bilan boyitilgan hisoblanadi.

Pseudaraeopus lethierryi (Mulsant & Rey, 1879)DistributionLiterature data: Rethymno: Melambes Vill. (Asche and Remane 1982). New data: Rethymno: Geropotamos Bridge.NotesCollected by sweep netting in the beginning of June at 32 m a. s. l.

Stethorrhagus tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955Figs 8, 50Stethorrhagus tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955: 379, fig. 47a–b, ♂.Stethorrhagus tridentatus – Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: 49, fig. 14a–e, ♂ ♀.DiagnosisMales of S. tridentatus resemble those of S. peckorum by the DTA absent and by the medially inserted embolus (Fig. 8C–F; Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: figs 14a–b, 22a–b). They differ by the tibia with AS short, inserted apically on vVL; embolus filiform, with long apical prongs (Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: fig. 14a–b) (AS long, with wide base, inserted on tibial surface; embolus widened, flat and triangular, with reduced apical prongs in S. peckorum – Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: fig. 22a–b). Females differ from those of other species with shallow sternal excavations (S. lupulus, S. oxossi and S. archangelus) by the absence of a VEP and by the dorsal plate with an accentuated V-shaped notch (Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: fig. 14d–e) (VEP present; dorsal epigynal plate not notched in S. lupulus, S. oxossi and S. archangelus – Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994: figs 10f–g, 11c–d, 12d–e).Type materialHolotypeVENEZUELA • ♂; Distrito Federal, El Junquito; [10°27′43.83″ N, 67°4′59.43″ W]; 1948; Marcuzzi leg.; MUCV 703 (examined).Material examinedVENEZUELA – Caracas • 1 ♂; [10°28′00″ N, 67°17′00″ W]; 1990; G. Sponga leg.; sample 860(1); MPEG 40146.DescriptionMale and female, see Bonaldo & Brescovit (1994: 49, fig. 14a–e). Additional documentation of the male in Fig. 8.DistributionVenezuela (Fig. 47).

Cephalophus ogilbyi (Waterhouse, 1838). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838:60.TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (= Fernando Po).DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Liberia; W. Ivory Coast; W. Ghana; Togo; S.E. Nigeria; S. Cameroun; Bioko; Gabon.ISIS NUMBER: 5301419009009011001.

Maqolada yeyilish tufayli nosozlik sabablarini statistik o‘rganish ma’lumotlari keltirilgan. Statistik tahlil natijalaridan foydalanish tadqiqotni soddalashtiradi va tadqiqotchiga qaysi parametrlarni kuchaytirish kerakligi haqida xulosa chiqarish imkonini beradi.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy jamiyat sharoitida yolg‘izlik fenomenining psixologik mohiyati, kelib chiqish omillari va shaxs ruhiy holatiga ta’siri nazariy hamda empirik yondashuvlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Globallashuv, raqamli kommunikatsiya vositalarining kengayishi, ijtimoiy rollar transformatsiyasi va shaxslararo munosabatlarning formallashuvi fonida yolg‘izlik zamonaviy psixologiyaning dolzarb muammolaridan biri sifatida qaralmoqda. Maqolada yolg‘izlik subyektiv va obyektiv hodisa sifatida talqin qilinib, uning emotsional, kognitiv va ijtimoiy-psixologik komponentlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, yolg‘izlikning shaxs identiteti, emotsional farovonlik, psixologik moslashuv va hayotdan qoniqish darajasiga ta’siri ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Empirik tadqiqot doirasida yoshlar va o‘rta yoshdagi respondentlar orasida yolg‘izlik darajasi, uning psixologik determinantlari va himoya mexanizmlari aniqlangan. Tadqiqot natijalari yolg‘izlikning uzoq davom etishi emotsional beqarorlik, depressiv holatlar va ijtimoiy izolyatsiya xavfini oshirishini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada yolg‘izlikni kamaytirish va psixologik farovonlikni oshirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.