Education & Pedagogy

Persistent shortages of special education teachers, particularly in rural areas, exist across the country. This study assessed the openness of teacher candidates enrolled in an introductory education course at two rural Midwest universities to a special education career path. Survey findings confirmed that work or volunteer experience involving people with special needs is a significant predictor of choosing special education as a career path. Findings also revealed that not all students who have experience with individuals with special needs choose to pursue special education. Considerations for teacher education faculty hoping to attract more special educators to the field are discussed.

Student attainment of capabilities associated with global citizenship remains a priority for higher education institutions. We report on a scoping review of empirical studies to explore how global citizenship is understood and enacted in higher education. The 29 included studies span the arts, psychology and social sciences, professional degrees, purpose-designed global citizenship courses, and community development, service, and educational travel programs. Notwithstanding considerable diversity in study aims, methodology, and how global citizenship was described, we were able to discern an overarching framework to describe the theoretical contributions to global citizenship education. Our findings contribute to building conceptual clarity both for educators charged with developing curricula and for higher education researchers seeking to explore and evaluate the outcomes of global citizenship education.

Based on student-centred teaching strategy, the complete higher education should include the knowledge acquisition and the comprehensive development of college students. Life education is able to help college freshmen to establish an attitude towards respecting life, to cultivate lofty ideals and to stimulate learning motivation. In China, to assist freshmen in adapting campus life as soon as possible, the work of freshmen education is widespread in most universities. Base on the results of "Chinese college students' life attitudes", the convergence between life education and freshmen education is analyzed and it is feasible to carry out life education for college freshmen; meanwhile, the approaches of life education are explored and the curriculum system is established; therefore, the education perspective can be broadened and the content of freshmen education will be beneficially supplemented.

A global perspective of education, special education, rural communities, and non-traditional instruction is provided for two countries. Both Turkey and Australia have responded to the COVID-19 global pandemic in similar yet, different ways. Through the tale of two countries navigating the rapid response to school closure for students with disabilities, we all can gain understanding from examining strategies used by national, state, and local governments; school systems; and support agencies. From these strategies, we can determine effective and efficient models moving forward that support all students (e.g., students with mental health and medical needs) through non-traditional education during natural disasters, pandemics, or unexpected events

This paper illustrates the state of inclusive education within Trinidad and Tobago. We highlight that inclusive education is a part of the broader right to equality of persons with disabilities. Further, in spite of the many international mandates that the country of Trinidad and Tobago has--with respect to the rights of persons with disabilities to education--the state of inclusive education in Trinidad and Tobago is a far cry from its potential. International and national laws are explored, as well as the national policy on persons with disabilities. Given the many barriers to inclusive education, we conclude that the right to education for all persons is not a right.

Entrepreneurship education is important in creating opportunities and bringing innovation to society. However, learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education remain unclear, causing challenges to curriculum design and structure. The objective of this literature review is to explore what learning outcomes are currently embedded in entrepreneurship education programmes within the context of higher education. Data was drawn from Web of Science, ERIC, ProQuest, Scopus and Science Direct, consisting of 133 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2020. The literature review contributes to understandings of current learning outcomes for entrepreneurship education that affect persons, institutions and society. It offers a framework that identifies current classifications of learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education, which may be adopted in curricula and other educational settings.

This compilation is made to discuss physical education concepts, applications and teachers and their places in education systems in the world and Turkey. In the developing and changing world, movement education, sports and physical activity have become a part of human life. The effort to act in a more qualified way has always found its place in both daily life and education. Movement, physical education, and gymnastics activities within the education system that started in 17th century Europe and spread to the world will continue to search for direction. Today, when digitalization is constantly revising human life, it emerges as a result of revising the quality problem of physical education teachers. It may be suggested to train physical education and sports teachers who have gained competence by integrating mechanical muscular skills with metacognitive skills.

This study aims to contribute to the literature on digitalization in education. In the study, a semi-structured interview form is used. The experts working in the educational field in private institutions were interviewed for this study. The study examines the effects of digitalization in education; although there are no specific studies for education departments in the private sector in the literature, it has been seen that the effects of digitalization are similar. The study also shows different factors such as the people's fears about digitalization in education, lack of authentic educational materials, its ineffectiveness compared to face-to-face education, and the scarcity of digital literacy. With digitalization in education, arranging educational content using technological opportunities, creating educational materials combined with virtual reality, and applying gamification in education becomes important in terms of the effectiveness of education.

Results of a nationwide survey that examined requirements of university administrator education programs for developing competence in the areas of special education and special education law are presented in this paper. Surveys mailed to department chairs at 123 universities elicited 66 responses, a 54 percent response rate. Findings indicate that universities are confused about endorsement requirements and do not adequately prepare administrators to confront special education issues. In light of the Regular Education Initiative, a movement to integrate regular and special education that would hold principals accountable for special education programs, it is important that administrators comprehend the regulatory requirements and pertinent case law. Three figures are included. (LMI)

This paper focuses on the issues of restructuring teacher education for general educators, special educators, and leadership personnel. The paper calls for preparing teachers in liberal arts, professional areas, and clinical experience. The pre-professional component should provide sound subject matter background. Professional education should then emphasize the study of teaching as an academic field, knowledge of pedagogy, classroom teaching skills, and values and ethical responsibilities. The clinical program should integrate the pre-professional components into rigorous experiences where formal knowledge is used as a guide to practical action. This segment should take place in a Professional Development Center. Competencies required of leadership personnel to function in preservice teacher education programs are outlined. (JDD)

An overview of Canadian education is provided in this book. Chapter 1 presents basic facts and figures on the educational system's general structure and diversity and the role of the federal government. The second chapter describes provincial/territorial structure, specifically: the role of the departments of education and school board, financing, supervision, the school year and attendance, curriculum, student assessment, multiculturalism, teacher qualifications and negotiation, women in education, and public participation. Chapter 3 describes types of schools, which include elementary, secondary, and private schools; the education of native people; postsecondary education and financing; universities and community colleges; trade and vocational training; and continuing and special education. One figure is included. Appendices contain departments of education addresses and information on federal departments, agencies, and national education organizations. (18 references) (LMI)

This report presents distance education as a viable alternative to more traditional college course-offerings. The argument is made that the most effective competitive strategies are innovative and effective educational strategies, of which distance education is one. The report first discusses distance education in theory and practice and reviews various typologies, distance delivery programs, and theoretical models. Next, the instructional considerations in using distance education are explored, including factors involved in student learning, teaching styles, and teacher role. Finally, the report presents the opportunities and challenges of distance education, including the steps needed for bridging the gap with higher education and what the future may hold for this form of education. Contains 62 references. (GLR)

Pressure to upgrade education standards, especially from the six national goals for U.S. education set forth in President Bush's America 2000 program, has affected teacher education. In addition, other pressure has come from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards' plan to certify teachers nationally after 1993-94; the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, which accredits under half of the approximately 1,200 U.S. teacher education institutions; John I. Goodlad's teacher education reform plan which led to the creation of 8 pilot Centers of Pedagogy similar to the Holmes Group's (96 education deans at major research universities) Professional Development Schools. Other trends disscussed in the paper are: alternative teacher certification, the Teach for America program, teacher education reform, and teachers who leave teaching or remain in the public school system. (LL)

Oklahoma Statute HB1549 required that a new competency-based system be established for teacher preparation programs. This handbook for accredited teacher education programs contains four sections: (1) the complete text of the Oklahoma Teacher Preparation Act, Enrolled House Bill No. 1549, signed by Governor Frank Keating on June 8, 1995; (2) approved rules for the administrative operations of the Oklahoma Commission for Teacher Preparation; (3) Standards for Oklahoma Accredited Teacher Education Programs, Initial Institutional Plan Guidelines, approved June 10, 1996; and (4) Institutional Plan Guidelines approved April 5, 1996. The institutional plan guidelines outline the standards and indicators to be documented in four categories: design of professional education, candidates in professional education, professional education faculty, and the unit for professional education. (ND)

Adequate technological education among schools in Asia is a major concern for educators and administrators. Many worry that the lack of knowledge about technology may make them obsolete. Other concerns include the cost of maintaining up to date technology and training. Many Asian educational systems today struggle to provide current technology such as software, hardware, and other electronic devices that students will need for their future. This publication reviews recent publications related to technological education by focusing on areas where educators are trying to upgrade their systems. The volume examines the topics of education perspectives, world education, innovations of information media, environmental education, Indonesian education, adolescence education, educational culture, and vocational education in developing countries. Annotated Asia/Pacific documents are listed and a 32-item bibliography of additional documents is presented. (JAG)