Education & Pedagogy

Examined effects of 3-week alcohol and drug education course on attitudes about alcohol and drugs in ninth grade students (n=180). Results showed mean attitude score changed in desired direction after education indicating negative feelings toward drugs and alcohol use and abuse, polydrug use, dependency, social pressure, and media pressure and more positive feelings about legal restrictions and education. (ABL)

Explains interrelationships between geography and social studies. Highlights developments affecting school geography since 1980. Determines that geography's spatial perspective distinguishes it from other social sciences. Examines 10 presuppositions of geography education to reveal geography's scope, role, and relevance to social education. Stresses how geographic knowledge contributes to global and environmental awareness. (CH)

Discusses the future of society and argues education is the most vital form of social investment. Sees great value in overseas studies for all students. Defines requirements of an international dimension in higher education. Discusses the European Institute for Business Management (INSEAD) as a model for such programing. (NL)

Criticizes character education programs that tend merely to present moral values to students, believing this produces socially responsible behavior. Argues listing values is simplistic and ineffective. Recognizes the situational complexity that confounds making moral choices. Suggests character education must contend with value conflicts and guide students toward reasoned positions on value issues. (CH)

At-risk students present problems not addressed by methods and materials. Changes in teacher education to help poor readers are distracted by debates over methodologies. The article suggests socio-emotional problems of at-risk students underlie their academic failures. Teachers must focus on teacher/learner interactions to bring about personal learning. (SM)

Discusses the availability of special education programs in the Soviet Union. Identifies a shortage of instructional programs for children identified as physically or mentally impaired. Reports that approximately 800,000 Soviet children with development disabilities either receive no instruction or attend regular schools. Lists recommendations for improving special education in the Soviet Union. (NL)

Describes China's distance learning network of Radio and Television Universities whose objective is to provide higher education, vocational education, professional and job-related training, and life-long learning. The relationship between Television Universities (TVUs) and the government is discussed, and the administrative and academic organization of TVUs is described. (four references) (LRW)

The term "adult education" was used in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Melvil Dewey developed a typology of adult education, and Henry Leipziger promoted New York City's Free Lectures program as an institute of liberal adult education. Leipziger's advocacy was largely responsible for the diffusion of the new term in its gestational period, 1891-1916. (SK)

Interviews with 14 teacher educators explore why gender issues (official guidance, teacher ideologies, teaching as women's work, and classroom survival) receive low-key treatment in initial teacher education in England and Wales. Interviews illustrate infusion of a women's studies perspective into teacher education and gender into the teacher education agenda. (SLD)

Examines policy issues on teacher supply and retention in the United Kingdom. The paper discusses the contribution made by teacher education courses and notes emerging trends related to student recruitment. It describes three policy-related issues for analyzing recruitment statistics and considers methods to ameliorate the supply problem. (SM)

Presents a positive commentary on Stephen Silverman's research review on teaching in physical education (RT-PE). The article discusses the need for a clearer definition of teaching, reviews Silverman's RT-PE schema, examines another framework for conceptualizing research methods for teaching, and suggests the Spectrum of Teaching Styles for organizing RT-PE content. (SM)

Discusses changes in British attitudes toward education from emphasizing social engineering and an equal right to education to a cost-effective approach. Sets out educational goals of independence and the ability to do useful work and to enjoy life by participating in it. Discusses special needs students and the safety net for children from poor families. (DK)

A description of France's new network of about 30 university-based teacher training institutes looks at the organization of teacher education at each level before 1989, the aims and resources of the new institutes, and problems of implementation and unresolved issues, including organizational difficulties and controversy over curriculum content. (MSE)

Expresses concern that higher education teaches subject matter thoroughly at the expense of teaching method. Finds the opposite to be true of graduates of teacher training institutes. Sees these students' strengths as teaching methodology and understanding of children, not their subject matter. Urges development of experimental proving grounds in educational institutions to properly restructure pedagogical education. (DK)

Argues that, even though the French elementary education system has changed in recent decades, basic problems have reemerged in new forms. Maintains that, despite striking differences between France and the United States with respect to ability grouping, teaching preparation and methods, and other issues, deeper problems of the two educational systems are similar. (BB)