Science & Mathematics

This thesis examines the historical evolution, political foundations, and strategic significance of diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and France from 1991 to 2025. The study analyzes key stages of bilateral engagement, including the establishment of diplomatic ties, political dialogue, economic cooperation, and the transformation of relations in the post-2016 period. The research applies historical and geopolitical approaches to assess how bilateral relations have adapted to regional and global changes.

India has one of the lowest immunisation rates worldwide despite a longstanding universal immunisation programme (UIP) that provides free childhood vaccines. There are probably cultural and / or religious factors that act as an impediment of vaccination. The government of India is rapidly building public health infrastructure and manpower to improve vaccination rates, but other factors such as cultural, socio- economic and religious are not being addressed. In India there are many childhood deaths from vaccines – preventable illness in India at high levels, the reason is – lack of education and awareness for parents on the benefits of vaccination. This study highlights the need to develop a much better understanding of the cultural factors that influence childhood vaccination in India.

DEPRECATED

Genus PHAENOBEZZIA Haeselbarthscipioprimoris Saha, Pal, Brahma & Hazra, 2022: 5. India.umbra Saha, Pal, Brahma & Hazra, 2022: 3. India.

Scutisorex somereni (Thomas, 1910). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 6: 113.TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, near Kampala, Kyetume.DISTRIBUTION: N. Zaire; Uganda; Rwanda.COMMENT: Includes congicus; see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977, Part 1:7. Gureev, 1979:386, listed congicus as a distinct species without comment.ISIS NUMBER: 5301403007016002001 as S. somereni.5301403007016001001 as S. congicus.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

Maqolada aglomeratsiya iqtisodiyotlarining nazariy mazmuni va ularning kichik sanoat zonalari faoliyatisamaradorligiga ta’siri yoritiladi. Aglomeratsiya iqtisodiyotlari lokalizatsiya va urbanizatsiya iqtisodiyotlari ko‘rinishlaridatahlil qilinib, kichik sanoat zonalari aynan qaysi mexanizmlar orqali tashqi miqyos samaralarini shakllantirishi tushuntiriladi.O‘zbekiston misolida maxsus iqtisodiy zonalar va kichik sanoat zonalarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha olib borilayotgan islohotlar,mavjud zonalar soni hamda ularning hududiy joylashuvi bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar keltiriladi

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Invasive species present significant threats to global agriculture, although how the magnitude and distribution of the threats vary between countries and regions remains unclear. Here, we present an analysis of almost 1,300 known invasive insect pests and pathogens, calculating the total potential cost of these species invading each of 124 countries of the world, as well as determining which countries present the greatest threat to the rest of the world given their trading partners and incumbent pool of invasive species. We find that countries vary in terms of potential threat from invasive species and also their role as potential sources, with apparently similar countries sometimes varying markedly depending on specifics of agricultural commodities and trade patterns. Overall, the biggest agricultural producers (China and the United States) could experience the greatest absolute cost from further species invasions. However, developing countries, in particular, Sub-Saharan African countries, appear most vulnerable in relative terms. Furthermore, China and the United States represent the greatest potential sources of invasive species for the rest of the world. The analysis reveals considerable scope for ongoing redistribution of known invasive pests and highlights the need for international cooperation to slow their spread.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

superba (Sturtevant), 1916: 342 (Drosophila).Type locality: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Trece Aguas. HT M (AMNH). NTDistr.: Guatemala to Colombia (Magdalena (El Recuerdo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta)). Refs.: Wheeler, 1957: 106; Wheeler & Takada, 1971: 239.

Cardiocondyla persiana Seifert 2003 [type investigation]This taxon has been described from Iran. Investigated was the holotype worker labelled “ IRAN, Fars 1997 (1), Shiraz, ca. 1570 m; 13.-22.9.; leg. Schödl”, NHM Wien; 1 worker paratype with same labelling, SMN Görlitz. 6 worker paratypes labelled “ IRAN, Fars 1997 (29), 80 km NW Shiraz, Chesmeh Bozghan, 2000 m; 22.9.; leg. Schödl ”, SMN Görlitz; 7 worker paratypes with same label NHM Wien. 3 worker paratypes labelled “ IRAN, Fars 1997 (17), Barnoo NP, 7 km NE Shiraz, Chesmeh Mehrab, 1800 m; 18.9.; leg. Schödl ”, SMN Görlitz.All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were available in 10 samples (largely nest samples) with 26 workers. For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2. This material originated from Georgia (2 samples) and Iran (8).Geographic range. From W Georgia (41.8°E) east to Central Iran (54.0°E). The most southern and northern sites are in Iran at. 29.2°N and in Georgia at 41.8°N. The altitudinal range varies from 5 m in W Georgia to 2000 m in Central Iran.Diagnosis: --Worker (Tab. 2, Figs. 50–53, key; images under ANTWEB1041250 and CASENT0919736 in www.antweb.org). Medium-sized, CS 536 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.165. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.441. Scape moderately elongated, SL/CS 0.794. Eye rather small, EYE/CS 0.233, with notable microsetae. Median third of hind margin of head suggestively concave. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.254), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.056). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a deep metanotal depression (MGr/CS 4.30 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.125), their axis in profile deviating by about 48° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.270). Petiole narrower than in C. sahlbergi and distinctly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.316, PeH/CS 0.347), the node is slightly wider than long; petiole in profile with a moderately long peduncle and moderately steep anterior and very steep posterior slope of the node (about 63° and 88° relative to ventral profile—i.e. more asymmetric than in C. sahlbergi). Postpetiole wide, but narrower than in C. sahlbergi and moderately high (PpW/CS 0.543, PpH/CS 0.297), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite with weak anteromedian bulge. Head in overall impression less shiny than in C. sahlbergi. Whole vertex with densely-packed, large (dFOV 19.4 µm) and well-demarcated foveolae showing an inner corona; the interspaces much smaller than foveolar diameter (Fig. 53). Median and paramedian clypeus and a small stripe on median vertex smooth; lateral clypeus and frontal laminae usually shining and finely longitudinally carinulate. Mesosoma due to more developed foveolae and carinulae less shiny than in sahlbergi. Waist segments very shiny with barely visible microreticulum. Pubescence on whole body distinctly longer than in sahlbergi and moderately dense, PLG/CS 6.77 %, sqPDG 4.36. Dorsal head often bicolored: anterior head back to the antennal socket level dirty yellowish, remaining vertex dark dirty brown. Mesosoma usually dirty yellowish brown to dirty brown. Waist, gaster, and hind- and midfemora often blackish brown. This color pattern is typical but not consistent throughout the population.Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The separation from C. sahlbergi and C. bulgarica has been presented in sections treating these species (p. 37, p. 38).Biology. Unknown.

Maqolada turli toifadagi yuqori malakali bokschilarning ko‘rish reaksiya tezligi va maxsus ish qobiliyatini (odiy reaksiya, murakkab reaksiya tezligi, zarba tezligi, og‘irligi, umumiy tonnaji) aniqlash yo‘llari to‘g‘risidagi ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada mexanizm va davlat mexanizmi tushunchalari, davlat mexanizmining tarkibiy qismlari, davlat organlari, davlat tashkilotlari va davlat muassasalari tushunchalari, davlat apparatining tashkil etilishi, Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasining beshinchi bo‘limi hamda demokratik mamlakatlarda davlat mexanizmi haqida fikrlar ilgari surilgan.

The 2024 Central Asia–European Union Summit, held in Astana, Kazakhstan, was a significant event in regional and global diplomacy. This article analyzes the historical context of the summit, the main issues discussed, the agreements reached, and their political and economic implications. Key areas such as energy security, trade and transport connectivity, environmental sustainability, and digital cooperation are examined in detail. The summit is considered a diplomatic platform that strengthened long-term cooperation between the two regions.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Globalization is triggering an increase in the establishment of alien insects in Europe, with several species having substantial ecological and economic impacts. We investigated long-term changes in rates of species spread following establishment. We used the total area of countries invaded by 1171 insect species for which the date of first record in Europe is known, to estimate their current range radius (calculated as [invaded area]0.5/π). We estimated initial rates of radial spread and compared them among different groups of insects for all years (1800–2014) and for a subset of more recent decades (1950–2014). Accidentally introduced species spread faster than intentionally introduced species. Considering the whole period 1800–2014, spread patterns also differ between feeding guilds, with decreasing spread rates over residence time in herbivores but not in detritivores or parasitic species. These decreases for herbivorous species appeared mainly in those associated with herbaceous plants and crops rather than woody plants. Initial spread rate was significantly greater for species detected after 1990, roughly 3–4 times higher than for species that arrived earlier. We hypothesize that the political changes in Europe following the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989, and the further dismantling of customs checkpoints within an enlarged European Union (EU) have facilitated the faster spread of alien insect species. Also, the number of species first recorded in the Eastern Bloc of the politically-divided Europe before 1989 was lower than for the rest of Europe. A detailed analysis of six recent invaders indicated a dominant role of long-distance translocations related to human activities, especially with the plant trade, in determining rates of spread.