Science & Mathematics

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Cossypha niveicapilla (Lafresnaye, 1838)LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Holyoak & Seddon (1989); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Mauvais (1998); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013).MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3168, 3169, 3460, 3562, 3569; MCSI SF050.FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD.STATUS. — Resident; Breeding.

Collaborative innovation requires space for different parties to meet, exchange information,engage in dialogue, and eventually create new solutions. Despite the increased scholarlyand practical interest, understanding how such spaces are initiated and sustained remainsscarce. In this study, we focus on a national data economy initiative to investigate a virtualand mental space where relevant and interested cross-sectoral parties can join, shareinformation and identify shared interests for research and development in the data economy.We investigate the early phases of collaborative innovation through the lens of liminalityand show how individuals’ sensemaking narratives manifest the different dimensions ofliminality. We contribute to the research on collaborative innovation and spaces by theorisingliminality in the context of our paper as a three-dimensional concept of confusion–clarity,isolation– communal, and stagnation–movement that creates a threshold for collaborativeinnovation. Our study offers a more nuanced understanding of the less studied, yet critical,early phase of collaborative innovation, hence contributing to the research and practice ofthe emergence of collaborative innovation.

zumbahue Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1989: 131.Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi, road from Pujili to Quevedo, río Zumbahua, 2500m.Distr.: Colombia (Tolima (Páramo de los Valles)), Ecuador. Refs.: Muñoz de Hoyos, 1995: 616; Muñoz de Hoyos & Miranda-Esquivel, 1997: 301; Coscarón et al., 2008: 7 (cat.); Adler & Crosskey, 2015: 23 (inv.).

minuta (Costa Lima), 1921: 21, pl. 2, fig. 2 (Aspidoptera).Type locality: Brazil, Matto Grosso. Type host: Lophostoma silvicolum d'Orbigny (= Tonatia amblyotis (Wagner)). HT F (IOC).Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Puri, Cauca Valley, above Caceres), Bolívar (San Juan Nepomuceno), Meta (La Macarena, Rio Guapaya; San Juan de Arama, Los Micos), Norte de Santander (Petrolea Tibu)), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, Panamá, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela. Refs.: Costa Lima, 1921: 17; Wenzel et al., 1966: 515; Wenzel, 1970: 7 (cat.), 1976: 100; Guerrero, 1995b: 145, 1997: 11 (cat.); Dick & Gettinger, 2005: 1019; ter Hofstede et al., 2004: 620; Dick, 2006: 445, 2013: 7; FMNH, 2014.

This article examines a systematic approach to solving educational and computational problems in generalsecondary schools. It analyzes the general structure of such problems and differentiates their features into various types.The study presents theoretical modeling of activity programs for solving computational problems that are sufficient for theidentified types, as well as the development of a systematic guiding basis for their implementation. In addition, experimentalclasses were conducted with a focus on organizing students’ guiding activity within a systematic framework

Background: Primary degenerative arthritis of the elbow is an uncommon disorder that recently has been more clearly recognized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term results and complications of ulnohumeral arthroplasty as treatment of primary osteoarthritis of the elbow and to document any tendency for recurrence of the arthritis after the procedure. Methods: The results of ulnohumeral arthroplasties performed at our institution, between 1986 and 1996, in forty-six elbows (forty-five patients) with primary osteoarthritis were reviewed at an average of eighty months (range, twenty-four to 164 months) after the operation. There were forty-four men and one woman with a mean age of forty-eight years. All patients complained of pain with terminal elbow extension. The pain was associated with locking in fourteen elbows and with ulnar nerve symptoms in twelve. The surgical procedure involved fenestration of the olecranon fossa and excision of olecranon and coronoid osteophytes in all patients, with removal of loose bodies in thirty-six elbows. A capsular release was performed in nineteen elbows, and an ulnar nerve transposition or neurolysis was done in eight. Preoperative and follow-up assessment included evaluation of elbow pain and range of motion with the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Results: The mean arc of flexion-extension improved from 79 degrees (range, 10 degrees to 135 degrees) preoperatively to 101 degrees (range, 45 degrees to 135 degrees) at the time of follow-up (p < 0.05). At the last follow-up examination, thirty-five elbows (76%) were not painful or were only mildly painful and eleven were moderately or severely painful. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, the result was excellent for twenty-six elbows, good for eight, fair for four, and poor for eight. Thirteen of the forty-five patients reported some degree of ulnar nerve symptoms postoperatively, and six of them required another operation to decompress or translocate the nerve. Two other patients underwent additional surgery because of persistent symptoms. Conclusions: The data from this study show that ulnohumeral arthroplasty can yield satisfactory long-term pain relief and an increase in the range of motion. Patients with severe preoperative limitation of elbow extension of >60 degrees and flexion of <100 degrees and those who undergo manipulation under anesthesia in the early postoperative period to increase motion are at risk for the development of ulnar nerve dysfunction postoperatively. One should consider prophylactic ulnar nerve decompression or mobilization under these circumstances.

Ushbu maqolada mintaqaviy turizmning rivojlanishi va xavfsizlikni ta'minlashda turizm infratuzilmasiningo‘rni va uning ahamiyati o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, mintaqada turizmni barqaror rivojlantirish va sayyohlar sonini oshirishmaqsadida turistik resurslarni rivojlantirishda qo‘llanilayotgan chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilingan.

4) Monohystera paludicola de Man. Dinslaken.

Abstract Fog computing extends cloud computing capabilities to the network edge, enabling low-latency and real-time services for data-intensive applications. However, the decentralized, heterogeneous, and resource-constrained nature of fog environments makes them highly vulnerable to data theft attacks. Such attacks threaten data confidentiality, user privacy, and overall system integrity across multiple architectural layers. This paper presents an analytical study of security mechanisms designed to mitigate data theft attacks in fog computing. The study examines the fog computing architecture and security model, analyzes the threat landscape and attack surfaces, and classifies major data theft attacks, including eavesdropping, compromised fog nodes, insider attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and side-channel leakage. Furthermore, the paper reviews and categorizes existing mitigation techniques such as cryptographic methods, authentication and access control, intrusion detection systems, trust and reputation management, deception-based approaches, and secure storage mechanisms. A comparative analysis highlights the strengths and limitations of these mechanisms. Finally, open challenges and future research directions are discussed to support the development of secure and resilient fog computing systems. Keywords Fog Computing; Data Theft Attacks; Security Mechanisms; Data Confidentiality; Privacy Preservation; Intrusion Detection Systems; Access Control

Di tahun 2024, kita nyaris tidak memiliki jeda dari hiruk-pikuk politik nasional. BulanFebruari lalu, fase pemilihan presiden dan legislatif untuk semua tingkatan telah rampung.Nama-nama pemenang sudah diketahui, tinggal menyelesaikan sengketa-sengketa teknissebelum pelantikan resmi.Kini, kita memasuki fase berikutnya: pemilihan kepala daerah (Pemilukada), meliputipemilihan bupati dan wakil bupati, serta gubernur dan wakil gubernur. Fase ini tampaknyalebih seru, ibarat pertempuran jarak dekat. Pertama, wilayah kontestasi lebih spesifik untukmasing-masing peserta. Kedua, para kandidat umumnya berasal dari lingkaran "perkopian"setempat, di mana mereka sudah sangat mengenal satu sama lain.Lalu apa yang membuatnya menarik di tengah era demokratisasi yang dianggap olehsebagian pihak semakin "dewasa"? Tentu saja, isu dan wacana yang digulirkan oleh parakontestan beserta tim mereka.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida tayanch kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirishda shaxsgayo‘naltirilgan pedagogik strategiyalarning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi shaxsga yo‘naltirilganta’lim yondashuvlarining o‘quvchilarning kognitiv va nokognitiv rivojlanishiga ta’sirini aniqlashdan iborat. Tadqiqot jarayonidashaxsga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik strategiyalarni qo‘llashga oid xalqaro va mahalliy ilmiy manbalar tizimli hamdamazmuniy tahlil asosida o‘rganildi. Tahlil natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, mazkur strategiyalar o‘quvchilarning ta’lim jarayonidagifaolligini oshirish, mustaqil o‘rganish, hamkorlikda ishlash, kommunikativlik va tanqidiy fikrlash kabi tayanch kompetensiyalarnirivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasi, o‘ziga bo‘lgan ishonchi vata’lim jarayonidan qoniqish darajasida ijobiy o‘zgarishlar kuzatilgan. O‘qituvchilar faoliyatida esa ta’lim jarayonini moslashuvchantashkil etish hamda rivojlantiruvchi baholashdan foydalanish imkoniyatlarining kengaygani aniqlangan. Maqolanatijalari boshlang‘ich ta’lim amaliyotida shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik strategiyalarni samarali joriy etish bo‘yichailmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqish uchun asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi