Science & Mathematics

By far, most of the research into processes of discrimination and ethnification in Sweden considers urban settings. This article focuses on how the regional press in a rural area of south-east Sweden represents immigrants in a residential area in the outskirts of the Kalmar township. It points at the urgent need for researchers and decision-makers to take into account both subtle and palpable stigmatizing processes that meet immigrants who reside the countryside. An analysis of two local newspapers shows a continuous construction of `otherness' through pictures and texts, in which the identities of minority ethnic groups are stereotyped and subverted. One of the most persistent themes in this work of representation is the brutalization of the masculinity of `others', stressed even further by a `traditionalization' and feminization of a weak, caring female other. Both these gendered images serve a higher purpose, that of maintaining a positive image of a taken-for-granted Swedishness.

Le cancer du sein présente l'une des causes de mortalité chez les femmes la plus fréquente dans le monde. Le taux de mortalité dans la tranche d'âge 20-60 a augmenté de 7% en 20 années d'observation.  Obligation d'un diagnostique fiable et rapide au cours d'un dépistage de ce type pathologie. Le Besoin d'un Outil matériel ou logiciel: Grâce au développement technologique du domaine du traitement d'image médicale Traitement d'image (acquisition, filtrage…) Segmentation, détection du contour (Snake, Fractal, Intelligent Scissors…) Analyse Texturale (Extraction Feature Wavelet Transform) Peut-on envisager une solution logiciel fiable et rapide en du diagnostique habituelle d'un pathologiste ? Le Diagnostic d'un Carcinologue Formulation d'un examen carcinologie: Qui peut faire ce diagnostic? Pathologiste, Gynécologue, Radiologiste. Comment le médecin fait-il le diagnostic ? Lors d'un examen génécologie Lors d'un examen mammographie Comment se passe la consultation médicale? Faire un bilan sur symptômes actuels. Examen Clinique et Interrogation de la patiente. Quels sont les examens complémentaires ? Les examens radiologiques (mammographie bilatérale). Les examens au microscope (cytologie, histologie). Les examens sanguine Nécessité de la Cytologie?

We investigate the topological complexity of non Borel recognizable tree languages with regard to the difference hierarchy of analytic sets. We show that, for each integer $n \geq 1$, there is a $D_{\omega^n}({\bf \Sigma}^1_1)$-complete tree language L_n accepted by a (non deterministic) Muller tree automaton. On the other hand, we prove that a tree language accepted by an unambiguous Büchi tree automaton must be Borel. Then we consider the game tree languages $W_{(i,k)}$, for Mostowski-Rabin indices $(i, k)$. We prove that the $D_{\omega^n}({\bf \Sigma}^1_1)$-complete tree languages L_n are Wadge reducible to the game tree language $W_{(i, k)}$ for $k-i \geq 2$. In particular these languages $W_{(i, k)}$ are not in any class $D_{\alpha}({\bf \Sigma}^1_1)$ for $\alpha < \omega^\omega$.

Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) constituent un problème de santé publique en raison de leur transmissibilité, de leur fréquence et des conséquences sur la santé des populations. Après la création de structures dédiées à la santé sexuelle en 2016, les centres gratuits d’information de dépistage et de diagnostic (CeGIDD), le ministère de la Santé a mis en place un dispositif de prescription de préservatifs remboursés à compter du 10 Décembre 2018. Notre étude avait pour but d’évaluer la connaissance et la mise en application du dispositif par les médecins généralistes de l’Eure exerçant dans les zones d’influence du CeGIDD d’Évreux et de ses antennes. Méthodologie : Une étude descriptive quantitative a été conduite de décembre 2019 à mai 2020 auprès des médecins généralistes de l’Eure exerçant dans les zones d’influence du CeGIDD d’Évreux et de ses antennes. Un questionnaire a été diffusé auprès des médecins sous format électronique. Résultats : Cent-quatre médecins généralistes ont été contactés. Trente-deux médecins ont répondu (30,7%). Trente et un médecins étaient au courant du dispositif. Treize médecins en avaient déjà prescrit dont cinq de façon régulière. Le motif de recours principal était la prescription de contraception. Discussion : À un an de la mise en place du dispositif de prescription, presque tous les médecins en avaient pris connaissance, mais peu l’avaient mis en application. Ces éléments montrent qu’il existe encore des marges de progression sur la prévention en santé sexuelle en médecine générale. Une implication des CeGIDD auprès des médecins généralistes pourrait permettre d’améliorer les pratiques de prévention.

Problems tackled by researchers and data scientists in aviation and air traffic management (ATM) require manipulating large amounts of data representing trajectories, flight parameters and geographical descriptions of the airspace they fly through. The traffic library for the Python programming language defines an interface to usual processing and data analysis methods to be applied on aircraft trajectories and airspaces. This paper presents how traffic accesses different sources of data, leverages processing methods to clean, filter, clip or resample trajectories, and compares trajectory clustering methods on a sample dataset of trajectories above Switzerland.

Despite his early contribution to the rise of mathematics in economics, Georgescu-Roegen's later methodological criticism of models has received little attention from historians and philosophers of economics. This paper attempts to fill this gap following two lines. First, I examine his explicitly methodological claims and connect them with related topics in economic methodology. Building on the distinction between dialectical and arithmomorphic concepts, I characterise his approach to theory-making as a three steps process of idealisation, isolation and arithmetisation. In this framework, models perform two functions, checking for logical consistency and facilitating understanding, which can be related to the idea of modelling as theorising. I then confront these general principles with Georgescu-Roegen's flow-fund model of production. I use the methodology as a reading grid of this theory, while examining its limits and complementary principles in practice. This shows a great deal of consistency, where idealisation provides conceptual foundations, isolation determines the relevant problems, and models are built according to structural consistency. The two functions of models are then illustrated by the logical derivation of older principles formulated by Babbage and Smith, and the understanding of the different organisational patterns of production. But some slightly different functions also appear when specific configurations of the model enable to check the conceptual consistency of other theories, or the understanding provided by the model contributes to the formation of new concepts. Hence, the consistency and the complementarity between Georgescu-Roegen's methodology and practice of theory-making provide interesting insights and a useful background for further investigations.

The mass distribution observed in galaxies is found to be incompatible with the CDM predictions , falsifies the baryonically fine-tuned CDM scenarios and leads to keV Warm Dark Matter (WDM). WDM is a hot topic in galaxies and cosmology and implies novelties in the astrophysical, cosmological, particle and nuclear physics context. WDM research is progressing fast because it essentially works naturally reproducing the observations at all scales. A Turning Point operated recently in the Dark Matter research: Warm Dark Matter emerged impressively over Cold Dark Matter (CDM) as the leading Dark Matter candidate. WDM solves naturally the problems of CDM and CDM + baryons. (ΛWDM) provides the same successful large-scale results and CMB results as ΛCDM and agrees with the observations at the galactic and small scales as well. The Chalonge-de Vega Workshop 'Warm Dark Matter in Astrophysics in Agreement with Observations and keV Sterile Neutrinos' addressed the last WDM achievements including its distribution function and equation of state (The Eddington like approach to galaxies), the quantum mechanical framework to galaxy structure reproducing in particular the observed galaxy cores and their sizes, and the properties of dwarf galaxies. This workshop summary puts together astrophysical, cosmological, particle and nuclear WDM, astronomical observations, theory and WDM analytical and numerical frameworks, which reproduce the observations. The Workshop addressed the exciting ongoing theoretical and experimental developments in the search for the leading WDM particle candidate: keV sterile neutrinos. The recent impact of WDM astrophysics, its signatures and constraints with high redshift galaxies, clusters, cosmic recombination, 21 cm line, with or for the JWST, HST, SKA, X-ray astronomy and gravitational lensing were presented. News from KATRIN, ECHo, and ASTRO-H were presented by members of the respective collaborations. The present document represents a synthesis report of the main results.

Huizinga's concept of a 'magic circle' has been used to depict computer games and gaming activities as something separate from ordinary life. In this view, games are special (magical) and they only come to life within temporal and spatial borders that are enacted and performed by the participants. This article discusses the concept of a 'magic circle' and finds that it lacks specificity. Attempts to use the concept of a magic circle create a number of anomalies that are problematic. This is not, as has been suggested earlier, primarily a matter of the genre of the game, or a discussion of what an appropriate definition of a 'game' might be. Rather, in this study with hardcore gamers, playing computer games is a routine and mundane activity, making the boundary between play and non-play tenuous to say the least. This article presents an alternative theoretical framework which should be explored further.

The influence of Nb and Ti in solid solution on the recrystallization mechanisms and textures of cold rolled high purity iron has been studied by optical metallography, SEM, microtexture (EBSD) and macrotexture (X-ray) measurements. Two UHP iron based alloys (Fe-0.08 wt% Nb and Fe-0.04 wt% Ti) together with two reference samples of UHP Fe and electrolytic iron, were treated to form an equiaxed grain structure then rolled 81 % to develop standard bcc rolling textures. The recrystallization mechanisms were then studied by partial recrystallization anneals in the temperature range 475 -800°C. The orientations of the new recrystallized grain were essentially a mixture of {111} and {100} parallel to the sheet planes. Carbon, Ti and to a lesser extent, Nb favour the nucleation and growth of {111} planes grains along prior grain boundaries.

This article explores governance and control in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). It examines areas where tactics of control are mobilized: by developers through design processes, by publishers through community management and legal practices and by players through participatory practices. As people with access to online technologies come to live more of their social lives (and work lives) in online environments, and to construct identities and communities in proprietary spaces, the terms under which they do so become increasingly important. In a context where economic value resides in intellectual property and immaterial labour, and where social networks have economic value extracted from them, the corporate practices which harness this value and the responses of participants become interesting for sociocultural and economic reasons. Using EverQuest and as case studies, this article traces the flows of power between publishers, developers and players in the networked production of MMOGs.

Les solutions de greffes osseuses actuelles sont limitées en termes de quantité et de qualité c’est pourquoi l’utilisation de substituts osseux synthétiques est en développement. La gestion du risque d’infection lors de l’implantation d’un biomatériau est primordiale, d’autant plus avec la propagation de l’antibiorésistance qui représente un problème majeur de santé publique. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ce travail. Pour cela des biocéramiques de phosphates de calcium biphasiques (BCP), qui sont des substituts osseux de choix du fait de leur forte similarité chimique avec la partie minérale de l’os et de leur biocompatibilité, ont été synthétisées par voie sol-gel et par précipitation en voie aqueuse. Une de leur particularité est de pouvoir accepter des substitutions ioniques dans leur composition, c’est pourquoi des dopages aux ions cuivre ont été réalisés, ainsi qu’à l’argent et à l’or afin d’étudier les mécanismes d’incorporation de ces ions dans les BCP. Ces 3 éléments métalliques ont été choisis pour leur propriétés antibactériennes très intéressantes dans le contexte de cette étude. Les BCP dopés au cuivre, sous forme de poudres (synthèse sol-gel) et de pastilles (synthèse par précipitation en voie aqueuse), ont été étudiés afin de s’assurer de leur biocompatibilité envers des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines. Ensuite les propriétés antibactériennes de ces matériaux ont été évaluées sur des souches d’intérêts cliniques : S. aureus, S. aureus résistant à la méthicilline, E. coli et P. aeruginosa. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence différents mécanismes d’incorporation des ions avec notamment la présence de nanoparticules métalliques pour les dopages à l’argent et à l’or.Pour les BCP dopés au cuivre les paramètres de synthèse des matériaux (températures de recuit et taux de dopage) influencent la composition biphasique des matériaux et le taux de relargage du cuivre. Les poudres obtenues par voie sol-gel et les pastilles synthétisées par précipitation en voie aqueuse ne présentent aucune cytotoxicité envers les cellules osseuses humaines après plusieurs jours de culture. Les poudres de BCP dopées au cuivre ont démontré des propriétés antibactériennes après 24h de culture envers S. aureus, S. aureus résistant à la méthicilline, et E. coli et les pastilles de BCP dopées au cuivre ont montré une activité antibactérienne envers les 4 souches testées.

We consider a setting where one has to organize one or several group activities for a set of agents. Each agent will participate in at most one activity, and her preferences over activities depend on the number of participants in the activity. The goal is to assign agents to activities based on their preferences in a way that is socially optimal and/or stable. We put forward a general model for this setting, which is a natural generalization of anonymous hedonic games. We then focus on a special case of our model where agents’ preferences are binary, i.e., each agent classifies all pairs of the form ‘(activity, group size)’ into ones that are acceptable and ones that are not. We formulate several solution concepts for this scenario, and study them from the computational point of view, providing hardness results for the general case as well as efficient algorithms for settings where agents’ preferences satisfy certain natural constraints.

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