Open Access Books

During the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, more Europeans visited the Middle East than ever before, as tourists, archaeologists, pilgrims, settler-colonists and soldiers. These visitors engaged with the Arabic language to differing degrees. While some were serious scholars of Classical Arabic, in the Orientalist mould, many did not learn the language at all. Between these two extremes lies a neglected group of language learners who wanted to learn enough everyday colloquial Arabic to get by. The needs of these learners were met by popular language books, which boasted that they could provide an easy route to fluency in a difficult language. Arabic Dialogues explores the motivations of Arabic learners and effectiveness of instructional materials, principally in Egypt and Palestine, by analysing a corpus of Arabic phrasebooks published in nine languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian) and in the territory of twenty-five modern countries. Beginning with Napoleon’s Expédition d’Égypte (1798–1801), it moves through the periods of mass tourism and European colonialism in the Middle East, concluding with the Second World War. The book also considers how Arab intellectuals understood the project of teaching Arabic to foreigners, the remarkable history of Arabic-learning among Yiddish- and Hebrew-speaking immigrants in Palestine, and the networks of language learners, teachers and plagiarists who produced these phrasebooks.

In the troubled period of the Late Middle Ages, the Burgundian vineyards and Dijon experienced great changes. The secular rise in wages allowed winegrowers to gain economic autonomy. The exceptional richness of the Burgundian archives permits to identify various techniques used by them, especially structural pluri-activity, speculative trade in cereals, and intermediate investment of their savings in cattle (one or two cows), acquisition of own vines. Collectively, they acquired recognition in Dijon for their expertise, taken into consideration for the management of the local vineyard.

In a world where basic human rights are under attack and discrimination is widespread, Advancing Equality reminds us of the critical role of constitutions in creating and protecting equal rights. Combining a comparative analysis of equal rights in the constitutions of all 193 United Nations member countries with inspiring stories of activism and powerful court cases from around the globe, the book traces the trends in constitution drafting over the past half century and examines how stronger protections against discrimination have transformed lives. Looking at equal rights across gender, race and ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and gender identity, disability, social class, and migration status, the authors uncover which groups are increasingly guaranteed equal rights in constitutions, whether or not these rights on paper have been translated into practice, and which nations lag behind. Serving as a comprehensive call to action for anyone who cares about their country’s future, Advancing Equality challenges us to remember how far we all still must go for equal rights for all.

This book presents new readings of D.H. Lawrence’s later novels from the perspective of established critical theory and contemporary thought: a specific critical theory or critical perspective is selected and applied to each novel in order to present particular interpretations of each. Although remaining faithful to one’s personal desires without being unduly concerned with the outside world is considered a Lawrentian virtue, I would like to show another Lawrence who was sensitive enough to the outside world and to the social discourses of his time to employ elements of them in his novels, although subtly, and with critical shifts and displacements. Lawrence is a writer who continually draws lines of flight to escape from capitalist societies that ascribe essential value and power to money.

Chapter 3, “‘Rights a di Plan’: Sistren and Sexual Solidarities in Jamaica,” focuses on the newsletter Sistren published by the Sistren Theatre Collectives in the Jamaica from the 1970s to the 1990s. The contents of the magazine reveal that while the women’s movement advocated legislative reform to address rampant sexual violence, activists steered clear of making any direct connections with reproductive and sexual choice and orientations. Presenting these as health concerns enabled a detailed, though indirect, discussion on sexual choice within these magazines without inviting opprobrium either from the large readership or the governmental machinery in Jamaica and other Caribbean nation-states.

Characterized as a common signaling pathway between cells, the purinergic system is capable of modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Composed of signaling molecules, regulatory enzymes, and specific receptors, this organization can modulate several basal pathways of the organism. It is understood that purinergic signaling is present in all aspects of immunity and inflammation and studies show that extracellular ATP and its adenosine metabolite are the main mediators of response. These occur since most immune cells express P2 and P1 receptors, which are sensitive to the ATP and adenosine molecules, respectively. This book describes the purinergic system and its correlation with the health and disease process.

Le “syndrome du Vietnam” a été tel que le Président Bush n’a pu engager la nation américaine dans la guerre du Golfe qu’après avoir rejeté dans son discours officiel - comme pour l’exorciser - le souvenir obsédant de l’enlisement au Vietnam. Quels que soient les sentiments que l’on puisse avoir sur les fondements idéologiques des notions de leadership, de nouvel ordre international, de juste cause, la nation américaine est caractérisée par sa phobie des conflits irréductibles et ce sont bien ...

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Dans les séries anglophones, le français est employé de manière prédominante. Cette situation linguistique est cependant un vrai casse-tête pour les adaptateurs chargés de la VF : comment traduire le français en français ? Au-delà du traitement de la question déjà proposé par la traductologie, cet ouvrage associe une approche théorique du multilinguisme en traduction audiovisuelle et une typologie des solutions adoptées dans le doublage d’une quarantaine de séries. Les scènes étudiées sont issues de séries américaines, britanniques et canadiennes. La plupart sont très récentes, comme Emily in Paris ou The Crown, mais certaines séries des années 1990 ou 2000, à l’instar de Friends ou de Sex and the City, sont également convoquées. Plusieurs styles sont représentés : sitcom (The Big Bang Theory), série historique (The Tudors), science-fiction (Doctor Who), série judiciaire (The Good Wife), policière (NCIS), espionnage (Homeland), etc. Le doublage est à l’honneur dans ce livre, mais quelques références sont faites au sous-titrage, notamment pour évoquer son rôle dans la complicité établie avec le spectateur (langues inventées employées dans Star Trek et Game of Thrones par exemple).

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book delves into the complex and controversial realm of fertility care. It analyses the clash between evidence-based medicine and market dynamics in fertility treatments, with a unique focus on "add-on" treatments. It reveals how these contentious treatment options are now common practice and how they lead to an emerging market for hope. With an interdisciplinary approach, this is an essential resource for readers in the fields of science and technology studies and medical sociology.

As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, INRAE and Ifremer were in 2020 commissioned to conduct a collective scientific assessment of the impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The results, released in May 2022, confirm that plant protection products contaminate all types of terrestrial and aquatic environments, all of their compartments and most of their organisms. Contamination varies according to the distance from the areas where the products are used, principally in agriculture. It causes direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems, notably the decline of populations of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and birds, and the loss of ecosystem functions and services. Different measures can help mitigate contamination and its impacts, with varying degrees of effectiveness depending on the particular combination of measures (regulations, conditions of use of products, etc.). This assessment identifies research needs, in particular to improve our understanding of dynamic phenomena in a context of multiple environmental stresses. It aims to characterise and predict impacts and to improve the procedures for assessing the risks associated with the use of plant protection products. This book is targeted at all stakeholders and decision-makers with an interest in the use of plant protection products, whether they are involved in the legal, political, industrial or non-profit sectors, or in research or teaching.

The title of the book Educational Psychology - Between Certitudes and Uncertainties is relevant for the dynamic and low predictable research from genetics, neurosciences, technologies, etc. that produce challenges and exchanges across sciences. This new framework argues that this book is to be considered a fairly unique and realistic way to rebuild the incongruities and paradoxes in this area. Naturally, "certitudes and uncertainties" is a common denominator for the existing sophisticated academic conventions and for the immense potential of continuous professional development. The title of the book reflects the state of the art, a new trend in the conceptual fabric of educational psychology, and an attitude toward an academic market in the age of many battles in the world of science.

In this book Shepherd offers a perspective on the shape of agency by offering interlinked explanations of the basic building blocks of agency, as well as its exemplary instances. In the book’s first part, he offers accounts of phenomena that have long troubled philosophers of action: control over behavior, non-deviant causation, and intentional action. These accounts build on earlier work in the causalist tradition and undermine the claims of many that causalism cannot offer a satisfying account of non-deviant causation, and therefore intentional action. In the book’s second part, he turns to modes of agentive excellence—ways that agents display quality of form. He offers a novel account of skill, including an account of the ways that agents display more or less skill. He discusses the role of knowledge in skill and concludes that while knowledge is often important, it is inessential. This leads to a discussion of knowledge of action—of the way that knowledge of action and knowledge of how to act informs action execution. Shepherd argues that knowledgeable action includes a unique epistemic underpinning. For in knowledgeable action, the agent has authoritative knowledge of what she is doing and how she is doing it when and because she is poised to control her action by way of practical reasoning.

Lazonick explores the origins of the new era of employment insecurity and income inequality, and considers what governments, businesses, and individuals can do about it. He also asks whether the United States can refashion its high-tech business model to generate stable and equitable economic growth.

Digital tools are increasingly used in media studies, opening up new perspectives for research and analysis, while creating new problems at the same time. In this volume, international media scholars and computer scientists present their projects, varying from powerful film-historical databases to automatic video analysis software, discussing their application of digital tools and reporting on their results. This book is the first publication of its kind and a helpful guide to both media scholars and computer scientists who intend to use digital tools in their research, providing information on applications, standards, and problems.