Open Access Books

What do The Age of Innocence, Breakfast at Tiffany’s, and Sex and the City have in common? Strong women ahead of their time! Being part of New York’s middle and upper class, Ellen Olenska, Holly Golightly and Carrie Bradshaw & Co. cherish their otherness and strive for personal freedom and gender equality, thereby trying to combine traditional longings and modern beliefs. However, though situated in different decades of the last century, several obstacles are put in their ways because of their independent and self-confident lifestyles which, eventually, cannot all be overcome. From True Womanhood to the “feminine mystique” to the vast array of new gained liberties and life choices at the end of the last millennium, Janina Corda examines the developing images of women and their depiction in the literature and culture of America’s 20th century.

Professional & Vocational Education; Lifelong Learning/Adult Education; Educational Policy and Politics; Assessment, Testing and Evaluation

Anhand der Beispiele historische Eugenikbewegung und moderne Humangenomik wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt, dass die Entstehung sowie Aufrechterhaltung von Netzwerken ein entscheidender Faktor ist für den Erfolg wissenschaftlicher Paradigmen und gegebenenfalls damit verbundener Ideologien, dass bei der Bildung bzw. Weiterentwicklung dieser Netzwerke bestimmten Akteuren besondere Bedeutung zukommt (= Schlüsselakteure oder hubs) und dass bei Verlust bestimmter hubs ein teilweiser oder vollständiger Zusammenbruch des jeweiligen Netzwerkes erfolgen kann. Die Richtung, in die sich wissenschaftliche Paradigmen entwickeln, ist damit stark abhängig von den Kräfte- bzw. Machtverhältnissen innerhalb der sie umschliessenden Netzwerke bzw. vom Verhalten und der Kontrolle bestimmter Akteure. Im Sinne der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) wie sie von Bruno Latour u.a. entwickelt wurde, können Entstehung und Entwicklung dieser Netzwerke abhängig sein von menschlichen ebenso wie von nicht-menschlichen Akteuren (etwa Theorien, Methoden, Technologien etc.). Die Unterschiede sowie Gemeinsamkeiten der hier untersuchten Netzwerke und deren (potentielle) Konsequenzen für bioethische und biopolitische Fragestellungen werden in der Arbeit diskutiert.

Dans l'Egypte de l'entre-deux guerres émerge une nouvelle catégorie sociale : l’effendiyya. Les jeunes hommes qui la constituent - les effendîs - affichent les signes d'une modernité incontestable : diplômés, habillés à l'occidentale, portant le tarbush, ils sont férus de cinéma et grands consommateurs de presse. Conscients du rôle qu'ils sont amenés à jouer pour l'avenir de leur pays, ils tentent de prendre une part active à la vie politique. Mais comment trouver sa place dans une société do...

Ce livre propose une analyse comparative de trois révoltes post-coloniales, intervenues peu après des indépendances négociées, sur le terrain de l'ancien Empire français d'Afrique : la révolution des « Trois glorieuses » au Congo Brazzaville en août 1963, celle de mai 1972 à Madagascar, et de mai 1968 au Sénégal. Les deux premières ont provoqué la chute des pouvoirs en place – celui de l'Abbé Youlou et celui du président Tsiranana –, et consacré l'avènement de régimes radicalement différents. Le Mai dakarois, par contre, bien qu'il ait eu des effets en profondeur sur la vie politique sénégalaise, n'entraîne pas la chute du président Senghor, dont le pouvoir vacille mais tient bon. Il est donc question ici de révoltes mais aussi de circulations de concepts, de livres, d'hommes et de femmes, qui tissent la toile d'un même phénomène, produisent une grammaire mondiale de la contestation localement enrichie, traduite ou interprétée, voire réinventée selon des paramètres nationaux. Ainsi, l'auteur s'est intéressée aux réseaux et acteurs de diffusion possible d'une culture d'opposition, de pratiques et de savoirs militants globalisés : réseaux étudiants – avec la Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France (FEANF) et l'Association des étudiants d'origine malgache (AEOM) ; réseaux syndicaux, formalisés ou non en une Internationale, « croyants » ou « marxistes ». Ce livre apporte une contribution tant à l'histoire des révoltes et révolutions, à celle des années « 68 » – L'Afrique aussi a eu ses « 68 » –, qu'à celle d'un continent africain qu'une historiographie pas si ancienne a eu tendance à considérer comme un continent à part, un monde immobile et peu susceptible de modernité. L'Afrique est dans le monde et participe, par de multiples réseaux et connexions, à la globalisation, non comme le continent passif et soumis à toutes les influences mais comme un continent dont les résistances, les luttes et les combats produisent notre avenir, un continent dont les mobilités font aussi la richesse.

This book uses the New Hollywood as a case study for affective and discursive transformations of white masculinity between the 1950s and the 1970s. It identifies a subject position of countercultural whiteness that emerged during that period as a response to a widely diagnosed affective deficit within US society. This subject position was politically promiscuous and ultimately helped pave the way for a revitalization of conservative forces.

The application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses brings new dimensions to our understanding of the biology of phototrophic bacteria. Comparing gene sequences of photosynthetic reaction center proteins and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis from more than 150 genomes demonstrates the ancient roots of phototrophic bacteria. The presence and phylogeny of biosynthetic pathways of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine define groups of marine and halophilic phototrophic bacteria. The wide range of ecological niches conquered during evolution is demonstrated by the adaptation of cyanobacterial genera Scytonema, Tolypothrix, and Nostoc to different temperature ranges and the adaptation of Heliorestis species to alkaline habitats. Differences between phototrophic purple bacteria from marine and freshwater habitats are reflected in the preference for sulfidic and non-sulfidic niches. Also, a high proportion of siderophore producers was found among isolates from freshwater sources opposed to those from salty habitats . The primary colonization of carbonate rocks by a group of novel endolithic cyanobacteria and the following successions were studied over 9 months. The genomic characterization of the aerobic Dinoroseobacter strain AAP5, the strictly anaerobic and syntrophic Prosthecochloris ethylica, and the strictly anaerobic Heliorestis convoluta is reported. Significant differences in relation to oxygen are reflected in oxygen production by some species, oxygen tolerance over a wide range of concentrations, and the use of oxygen for energy generation or a strictly anaerobic lifestyle. Relations to oxygen are highlighted in papers on photooxidative stress, regulation of iron–sulfur cluster formation, and interactions of redox regulators. In situ metatranscriptomic and proteomic studies demonstrate the high metabolic flexibility of Chloroflexus aggregans in a hot spring microbial mat and show its adaptation to the changing conditions over day and night periods by a well-coordinated regulation of key metabolic processes for both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth.

Fabulations nocturnes est un essai d’intercession. Ce n’est pas simplement un livre à propos du cinéaste Apichatpong Weerasethakul, bien qu’il se penche de près sur son œuvre. C’est plutôt un livre qui interroge en profondeur quoi d’autre pourrait être en cause dans la mise en place des conditions de collaboration entre deux genres – le cinéma et l’écriture. Ce projet collectif est animé d’un intérêt commun pour la pragmatique de la fabulation et son geste spéculatif générateur d’un peuple à venir. Les concepts d’écologie, de vitalité et d’opacité ont surgi de la rencontre avec le dramscape d’Apichatpong pour venir articuler un ethos de fabulation qui décadre l’expérience, recompose la subjectivité et défixe le temps.

This Open Access book’s main focus is agriculture and natural resource management, disaster risk reduction, and human resource development in the countries of East and Southeast Asia and Japan. Asia is one of the regions which is the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. More than sixty percent of the world’s people live in the region, making it the growth center of the world. Asia is vast and includes various countries and regions, this book is focused on East and Southeast Asia including Japan. It is essential to share the knowledge and experiences for adapting climate change among these areas. In order to tackle these issues, the book aims to: Promote inter-local lessons learnt sharing climate change adaptations; "agriculture and natural resource management" and "disaster risk reduction and human resource development" Provides insights into new adaptation measures and research approaches that can consider the regional nature of Southeast Asia Share practical adaptation options permeated by society in each country/region This book will be of interest to researchers and students examining climate change impacts in East and Southeast Asia.

This book provides new unprecedented research on Buddhism in the five Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Aiming at comparisons between the different Nordic countries, the chapters identify possible unique characteristics of Nordic Buddhism. Buddhism in the Nordic Countries contributes to the growing literature on Buddhism in the West. Identifying a number of similar cultural and social trends that have been at work in the Nordic countries, the book shows that these have favoured the growth of Buddhism in northern Europe. The chapters on each of the Nordic countries describe the establishment of the main Buddhist traditions in the country, temple institutions, monasteries, demography, estimation on the number of Buddhists, geography, economy and funding. They discuss tensions between ethnic Buddhist and converts, if any, and controlling mechanisms of who is a proper Buddhist and how Buddhism should be presented in public space. The contributors analyse representation in media and images of Buddhism in popular culture and present relevant scholarly interest in Buddhism. Additionally, the book includes chapters on significant Buddhist individuals in the Nordic countries who have played major roles in the development of Buddhism. The first book to examine the characteristics of Nordic Buddhism, its connection to the ideology of the Nordic welfare society and to establish if Nordic Buddhism might differ from other forms of Buddhism, this work will be of interest to researchers in the field of religious studies, religion in context and Buddhist studies.

Mathematische Bildung in der Grundschule ist eine herausfordernde und langfristige Aufgabe und unterliegt curricularen Wandlungen. Mit Fokus auf Erkenntnisse aus empirischen Forschungen werden im Rahmen von drei Hauptvorträgen aus verschiedenen Inhaltsperspektiven curriculare Wandlungen im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule betrachtet und diskutiert. Zusätzlich setzten sich sieben Arbeitsgruppen mit den Themenfeldern ‚Arithmetik‘, ‚Geometrie‘, ‚Daten, Zufall und Wahrscheinlichkeit‘, ‚Kommunikation & Kooperation‘, ‚Lernen, Lehren und Forschen mit digitalen Medien‘, ‚Frühe mathematische Bildung‘ sowie ‚Lehrer:innenbildung‘ intensiv mit aktuellen Forschungs- und Praxisfragen auseinander. Die zentralen Inhalte der Arbeitsgruppen sind in diesem Band ebenfalls dokumentiert.

The present volume of proceedings represents the first Slovenian book uniting well-nigh all the humanistic disciplines in a common task: to reflect on the role of scholarly editions in their own field. Moreover, it is the first to reflect systematically on the methodological and ecdotic issues of scholarly editions in the light of the possibilities opening with the electronic presentation of texts. While some humanistic disciplines in Slovenia boast a long tradition of scholarly editions, reaching back to the first half of the 19th century, others have begun to consolidate their editorial standards fairly recently.

This open access book explores China's unique path to modernization, highlighting its journey from ancient civilization to modern society. It examines China's efforts from the mid-19th century's internal and external struggles to its contemporary economic achievements. The book covers historical, social, and economic aspects, emphasizing the balance between autonomous development and global integration. It explains how China has adapted and refined its modernization principles over time. The book is ideal for academics, researchers, and students in sociology, political science, and economics, as well as policymakers and professionals in international development. The content is accessible yet detailed, catering to both new and seasoned scholars. With insightful analysis and practical implications, the book is a significant contribution to the study of modernization and social development.

Chinese; cultural heritage; museology; heritage studies

The broad valley of the Bradano river and its tributary the Basentello separates the Apennine mountains in Lucania from the limestone plateau of the Murge in Apulia in South East Italy. For millennia the valley has functioned both as a cultural and political divide between the two regions, and as a channel for new ideas transmitted from South to North or vice versa depending on the political and economic conditions of the time. Archaeology on the Apulian – Lucanian Border aims to explain how the pattern of settlement and land use changed in the valley over the whole period from Neolithic to Late Medieval, taking account of changing environmental conditions, and setting the changes in a broader political, social and cultural context. There are three levels of focus. The first is on the results of a field survey (1996-2006) in the Basentello valley by teams from the Universities of Alberta, Edinburgh, and Bari, directed by the authors. The second concerns the discoveries of earlier field surveys in the late 1960s and early 1970s undertaken in connection with excavations on Botromagno near Gravina in Puglia. The third is a much broader synthesis of the results of recent scholarship using archaeological, epigraphic and literary sources to reconstruct an archaeological history of the valley and the surrounding area. The creation of a vast imperial estate at Vagnari around the end of the 1st century BC and its long-lasting impact on the pattern of settlement in the area is a significant theme in the later chapters of the book.