Open Access Books

This work aims to develop a method that can reschedule the matrix production in the case of a disruption. For this purpose, different artificial intelligence methods are combined in a novel way. The developed method is validated on a theoretical and a real scheduling case.

This book explores the local environmental impact of sports stadiums, and how that impact can disproportionately affect communities of color. Offering a series of review articles and global case studies, it illustrates what happens when sport organizations and other public and private stakeholders fail to factor environmental justice into their planning and operations processes. It opens with an historical account of environmental justice research and of research into sport and the natural environment. It then offers a series of case studies from around the world, including the United States, Canada, Kenya, South Africa, and Taiwan. These case studies are organized around key elements of environmental justice such as water and air pollution, displacement and gentrification, soil contamination, and transportation accessibility. They illustrate how major sports stadiums have contributed positively or negatively (or both) to the environmental health of the compact neighborhoods that surround them, to citizens’ quality of life, and in particular to communities that have historically been subjected to unjust and inequitable environmental policy. Placing the issue of environmental justice front and center leads to a more complete understanding of the relationship between stadiums, the natural environment, and urban communities. Presenting new research with important implications for practice, this book is vital reading for anybody working in sport management, venue management, mega-event planning, environmental studies, sociology, geography, and urban and regional planning. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This open access book sheds light on 21st-Century multilingualism in the Far North of Europe – Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Estonia – an area with multifaceted contacts between many Uralic and Indo-European languages. These contacts are taking new forms as migration and English as the lingua franca are changing the linguistic situation remarkably. The national languages dominate the life of most inhabitants, while the use of indigenous Saami languages, old minority languages, and the languages of new immigrants is limited to certain areas or domains. This volume takes a close look at multilingual individuals and discusses how their lives are affected by different languages.

Out-of-home placement in institutionalised care and returning to the family system present young people and their families with major transformational challenges. This involves affiliations and demarcations, relative autonomy and relative dependence. Based on a qualitative research project, the author explores the question of how family members experience return processes and thereby continually create 'family/families'. She analyses the interactions between the actions, feelings and explanations of young people and parents in interaction with the activities of professional actors and the legally coded structures of child and youth welfare. The empirically and theoretically orientated work links important discussions of child and youth welfare research with current concepts of family research. In particular, a relational model of care in private responsibility and in structures of state child and youth welfare interventions is developed. In addition, suggestions for practice are provided.

Why do governments still negotiate with trade unions and employers in the design of labour market and welfare reforms despite the steady decline of trade union membership almost everywhere in Europe? Social Concertation in Times of Austerity investigates the political underpinnings of social concertation in this new context with a focus on the regulation of labour mobility and unemployment protection in Austria and Switzerland. It shows that the involvement of organised interests in policymaking is a strategy of compromise-building used by governments when they are faced with party-political divisions, or when unpopular reforms are likely to have risky electoral consequences.

Small cities face intricate challenges. No Straight Lines provides the basis for a refined model of community-engaged leadership and research designed to realize equality of quality of life. With particular attention to the small city of Kamloops, BC, this book explores the impact of extended, short-term, and unique leadership collaborations and local responses to homelessness, sustainability and food security, aging populations, and the recovery of local history. It offers exciting insights into the role of the university in the small city, from generating local learning opportunities to the integration of undergraduates and faculty in achieving positive change. Based on active engagement, No Straight Lines reveals the obstacles present in addressing local needs, and the transformations that can be achieved through effective collaboration. It offers rich accounts and valuable insights into flexible practices that respond to the needs of community organizations while recognizing the challenges associated with resource constraints and limitations in capacity. This unique collection provides new insights into the barriers and benefits of leadership and learning in the small city. With Contributions By: Ginny Rastoy, Lisa Cooke, Robin Reid, Kendra Besanger, Dawn Farough, Tina Block, and Terry Kading

One of the most beautiful island groups of the Pacific, Bougainville has a remarkable history. Tragically, it is as the site of devastating civil conflict that Bougainville is perhaps best known. In exploring the rich environmental, cultural and social heritage of Bougainville before the conflict, this collection provides an insight into the long-term causes of the crisis. In doing so, it surveys such topics as Bougainville’s prehistory and traditional cultures, the impact of German and Australian colonialism, the attempts by disparate local cultures to find a common identity, the assertion of political autonomy in the face of coercion to integrate with Papua New Guinea, and contemporary efforts to resolve conflict and plan a viable future. A landmark collaboration between expert commentators on Bougainville and Bougainvilleans themselves, this volume provides a comprehensive picture for those seeking to understand Bougainville’s history and future directions. Bougainville before the conflict was published in association with the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, which is supported by The Australian National University and the Commonwealth of Australia.

Drawing on a rich corpus of contemporary and post-war sources – including personal letters and legal documentation – this open access book illuminates the roles of eleven female doctors and nurses at a camp for female prisoners in Nazi Germany. While it may seem unthinkable that medical staff worked in a place of death and suffering, Kate Docking looks at how female medical personnel were hired to work at Ravensbrück concentration camp from September 1939 until its liberation by the Allies in April 1945, highlighting why many women sought jobs there. Examining the experiences of these women from a gendered perspective, Gender and Power in a Nazi Concentration Camp sheds new light on the role of female medical personnel during the Nazi era. Though the Ravensbrück female medical personnel committed atrocities, the majority were not brought to justice. Docking underscores how stereotypes of femininity as ‘naturally innocent’ helped to allow women involved in Nazi crimes to continue their lives peacefully after the war. This ground-breaking book demonstrates the need for gender to be considered in explanations of how Nazi persecution was able to happen. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Centre for the Study of Health, Ethics, and Society, University of Hamburg, Germany.

The purpose of this book is to showcase a diverse set of directions in empirical research on mediated discourse, reflecting on the state-of-the-art and the increasing intersection between Corpus-based Interpreting Studies (CBIS) and Corpus-based Translation Studies (CBTS). Undeniably, data from the European Parliament (EP) offer a great opportunity for such research. Not only does the institution provide a sizeable sample of oral debates held at the EP together with their simultaneous interpretations into all languages of the European Union. It also makes available written verbatim reports of the original speeches, which used to be translated. From a methodological perspective, EP materials thus guarantee a great degree of homogeneity, which is particularly valuable in corpus studies, where data comparability is frequently a challenge. In this volume, progress is visible in both CBIS and CBTS. In interpreting, it manifests itself notably in the availability of comprehensive transcription, annotation and alignment systems. In translation, datasets are becoming substantially richer in metadata, which allow for increasingly refined multi-factorial analysis. At the crossroads between the two fields, intermodal investigations bring to the fore what these mediation modes have in common and how they differ. The volume is thus aimed in particular at Interpreting and Translation scholars looking for new descriptive insights and methodological approaches in the investigation of mediated discourse, but it may be also of interest for (corpus) linguists analysing parliamentary discourse in general.

De wetenschappelijke beoefening van de neerlandistiek heeft ook buiten het Nederlandse taalgebied een lange geschiedenis. In sommige landen waren er al in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw taal- en letterkundigen die zich met de Nederlandse taal en de Nederlandstalige literatuur bezighielden. De geschiedenis van de internationale neerlandistiek moet tot op heden nog geschreven worden. Deze bundel met artikelen, die teruggaat op een congres dat in 2008 aan de Freie Universität Berlin gehouden werd, wil daartoe een eerste aanzet geven. De artikelen, die in het Nederlands geschreven zijn en van een Duitse en een Engelse samenvatting vergezeld gaan, geven een goede indruk van een vakgebied dat in een groot aantal Europese landen niet alleen op een lange traditie kan bogen, maar vandaag de dag bovendien ook rijkgeschakeerd en springlevend is. Die Niederlandistik hat als wissenschaftliche Disziplin auch außerhalb des niederländischen Sprachraums eine lange Geschichte. In einigen Ländern haben sich schon in der ersten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaftler mit der niederländischen Sprache und der niederländischsprachigen Literatur beschäftigt. Die Geschichte der internationalen Niederlandistik ist bislang weitgehend unerforscht, sie bedarf noch einer gründlichen Aufarbeitung. Dieser Band, der auf eine Tagung zurückgeht, die 2008 an der Freien Universität Berlin stattfand, will dazu einen ersten Anstoß geben. Die Artikel, die auf Niederländisch verfasst sind und denen eine deutsche und englische Zusammenfassung hinzugefügt wurde, bieten einen guten Überblick über ein Fachgebiet, das in einer großen Zahl europäischer Länder nicht nur eine lange Tradition hat, sondern gegenwärtig auch breit aufgestellt und quicklebendig ist.

Science communication aims at the successful sharing and explanation of sciencerelated topics to a wider audience. In order to enhance communication between science and society, a better understanding of citizens’ habits and perceptions is needed. Therefore, it is vital to understand how citizens acquire knowledge about science- related issues, how this knowledge affects their beliefs, opinions and perceptions, and what sources of information they choose to learn about science – and how they assess their reliability. This book addresses these questions, based on the analyses of public consultations data from Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain, concerned with the science communication of issues including climate change, vaccines, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Sharing experiences of how to engage citizens in public consultation, it provides insights into the mobilisation of interest in science and offers recommendations on how to improve science communication.

The Yearbook aims to promote research, studies and writings in the field of international law in Asia, as well as to provide an intellectual platform for the discussion and dissemination of Asian views and practices on contemporary international legal issues. Readership: All interested in International Law and Asian Law.

In 1996, 238 cis-gendered women responded to the Mass Observation (MO) Directive ‘Women’s sanitary protection and menstruation’. The Directive asked for stories, anecdotes, beliefs, and observations about menstrual management, education, technology, and stigma. Challenging what Karen Houppert termed the ‘culture of concealment’ surrounding menstruation, the responses to this Directive are a rich and rare source base about a hidden aspect of everyday health. This chapter uses this source material to examine the day-to-day menstrual management experiences of girls growing up in Britain between 1960 and 1980. Utilising phenomenological insights, it explores the thoughts, feelings, and sensations elicited by managing menstruation, illuminating the importance of girls’ sensory perceptions of dress, space, and place to their menstrual experiences. Many women wrote in detail about the physical and emotional aspects of how it felt to menstruate, wear menstrual products, and live in a culture that prioritised menstrual concealment. A focus on descriptions of sensation and feeling reveals the ubiquity of feelings of shame and embarrassment amongst young menstruators, but also reveals that it was not just stigma that made menstruation an uncomfortable experience for girls. Drawing on Joanne Entwistle’s work on the phenomenology of dress, this chapter understands menstrual technologies as items of dress that, like clothes, orient individuals to the world, shaping their self-esteem, interactions, and comportment. Interpreted in this way, this chapter reveals how ill-designed, ill-fitting, and ineffective technologies made menstruation more difficult for girls in postwar Britain, compounding their anxieties about menstrual concealment and their own menstruating bodies.

Remixers recombine copyright-protected audiovisual material and distribute it via hosting platforms. To what extent does copyright law allow remixing and what is the impact of platforms' policies and filtering mechanisms for user uploads? Henrike Maier employs a comparative legal approach and focuses on the role of creative users' fundamental rights to investigate these questions.

"In view of the challenges—many of which are political—that different European countries are currently facing, scholars who work on the eighteenth century have compiled this anthology which includes earlier recognitions of common values and past considerations of questions which often remain pertinent nowadays. During the Enlightenment, many men and women of letters envisaged the continent’s future in particular when stressing their hope that peace could be secured in Europe. The texts gathered here, and signed by major thinkers of the time (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Kant, Hume or Staël for instance), as well as by writers history has forgotten, present the reflections, with a couple of chronological extensions (from Sully to Victor Hugo) of authors from the long eighteenth century—the French Empire and the fall of Napoleon generated numerous upheavals—on Europe, its history, its diversity, but also on what the nations, which, in all their diversity, make up a geographical unit, have in common. They show the historical origins of the project of a European union, the desire to consolidate the continent’s ties to the Maghreb or to Turkey, the importance granted to commerce and the worries engendered by history’s convulsions, but also the hope vested in future generations. The Idea of Europe follows its sister edition in French, L’idée de l’Europe au Siècle des Lumières, also published by Open Book."