Open Access Books

«It is better to debate a question without settling it than to settle a question without debating it», says a quote from Joseph Joubert. Debate is one of the most valued text genres and is therefore included in curricular or extracurricular academic activities. What do we teach by teaching how to debate? What do students learn by learning how to debate? They can compete, collaborate and might even develop a new skill. Since concrete educational choices reflect a certain underlying educational philosophy, in what follows the model proposed by Biesta (2010,2016,2017) will be illustrated. The theoretical knowledge drawn from this framework will then be applied to the analysis of the Oxford Debate, in the version adopted by the regulated debate tournaments in Poland as well as to the discussion of a modification of the Oxford Debate itself, inspired by the concept of 'risk of education' (or rather, 'The Beautiful risk of educatio', as the title of one of Biesta’s books reads).

This study is performed to evaluate the potential sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric mercury (Hg) emissions from regional sources and other influences in India. To achieve this, using the gold amalgam technique with an automated continuous mercury vapour analyzer (TekranTM 2537B). To assess the total gaseous mercury in high altitude mountain peak station at Kodaikanal & coastal/urban air in Chennai region, the impact of changing weather conditions is also evaluated. To compare the past and recent reports of mercury at different locations in the world. The average total gaseous mercury value in Chennai is 4.68 ng/m3, which is higher as compared to Kodaikanal, where it is 1.53 ng/m3. The association between TGM with meteorological parameters in ambient air such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall intensity, the direction of wind and velocity of was studied. The TGM concentration in India are compared with other nations, the TGM levels are similar to the east and Southeast Asian countries, and also Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and North America are the averages and maximum concentration generally smaller. This research will help to establish more effective management approaches to mitigate the impacts of atmospheric mercury on the rural and urban environment.

As we approach the 21st century, we also approach the third decade of the AIDS epidemic. Mental health care providers must face the crucial fact that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the condition it causes, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the leading cause of death among Americans aged 25-44 years. HIV Mental Health for the 21st Century provides a roadmap for mental health professionals who seek to develop new strategies aimed at increasing the longevity and quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS, as well as at controlling the future spread of the disease. Divided into five sections, this volume covers basic concepts in HIV/AIDS mental health; specialized aspects of HIV/AIDS clinical care; models of clinical care; program evaluation; and HIV mental health policy and programs. Chapters treat issues such as feelings of caregivers, the role of spirituality in mental health care, rural practice, mental health home care, and working with children.

Contrary to the secularism thesis of the 20th century, religion did not disappear from the Western experience. Rather, religiosity took on new forms, which emphasized individuality, experientiality, and corporeality, and highlighted lifestyle consumption. These new spiritualities came to be understood as the opposite of religiosity: people identified themselves as being not religious, but spiritual. The book examines new spiritualities as a concept, a phenomenon, and a subject of research. It introduces the history of the concept and the different past approaches in the research field, and discusses the diversity of the phenomenon of new spiritualities, especially in 21st century Finland, through various case studies. The book shows the multiple ways in which new spiritualities intertwine with different sectors of the society and blur spirituality’s boundary with religion, health care, art, and popular culture, for example. The book is the first book-length presentation in Finnish of the field of new spiritualities.

The present edition includes various legal texts (instructions and orders) that were used to regulate the administration, the economy, and the relationship between the lordship of the manor and the subjects of the Lower Austrian monastery of Klosterneuburg.

The Origins of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society, and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in socialisation and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood. Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond, but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans appear to do. The self of which we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a model of our self produced as a response to the models of us offered to us by other people. Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non-model, the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self. Developed in relation to a range of subject areas – linguistics, anthropology, genomics and cognition, as well as socio-cultural theory – The Origins of Self is of particular interest to students and researchers studying the origins of language, human origins in general, and the cognitive differences between human and other animal psychologies.

The term “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) refers to a group of reactive molecules and free radicals produced by molecular oxygen. In recent decades, there has been great interest in the role of ROS in various diseases. From basic science research to clinical trials, biomedical scientists have made rapid progress toward a better understanding of ROS-metabolizing systems and their role in health and diseases. This book includes sixteen chapters that address topics such as the history of ROS, its role in autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and aging, and recent advances in various antioxidants and their therapeutic potential.

The collection of prints from the workshop of Aldus Manutius in the Oldenburg State Library, published here for the first time, is one of the largest in Germany. It contains numerous special items (including a gouache by Albrecht Dürer). Only complete titles are presented. All dedicators, dedicatees, and authors are explained biographically, and the works are briefly characterized. An overview of the prints of each work before Manutius shows the significance of his editions. The history of knowledge, scholarship, and printing in the 15th and 16th centuries becomes visible. An index of all persons mentioned concludes the volume. Essays on the history of the collection, Greek prints, and Dutch bindings round out the catalogue With contributions by Matthias Bley | Astrid Steiner-Weber

I extended an invitation to a handful of dancer performer folk that I have been inspired by/ disarmed by/ learned from. Each of their responses came in the form of a ‘prayer, spell, incantation, or wish’. I have curated them here as a chorus of dancing voices.

Le présent ouvrage analyse la dynamique actuelle du système industriel japonais, dans ses dimensions économiques, techniques et sociales. À partir du cas de la branche automobile, vecteur de la croissance japonaise et creuset d’amples mutations techniques et organisationnelles, il présente les stratégies développées à l’échelle mondiale par les firmes japonaises : en particulier, les délocalisations d’activités qu’elles réalisent hors du Japon pour répondre à la hausse du yen (E. DE BANVILLE, F. QUELLE, S. SEI). Ce mouvement se déroule dans le cadre du « modèle japonais » de gestion du travail, de la production et des changements techniques. Celui-ci s’est montré particulièrement efficace au cours des trente dernières années pour assurer la croissance de la production et de l’emploi et la diffusion de l’innovation (J.-L. BESSON, Y. BOUCHUT, Y. LECLER). Face aux contraintes d’aujourd’hui, les trois piliers sociaux de l’économie japonaise - l’emploi à vie, le salaire à l’ancienneté, le syndicat d’entreprise - ne devront-ils pas s’adapter aux nouvelles conditions de l’accumulation ? Derrière une apparente stabilité globale, on peut repérer des signes de mutations qui pourraient affecter le cœur même du système japonais (W. CAVESTRO, C. MERCIER, K. SATO, K. SUGITA).

Die vorliegende Arbeit, die der empirisch fundierten Linguistik, der Variationslinguistik und der (Grammatik‑)Didaktik zuzuordnen ist, widmet sich Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lernertexten und verfolgt das Ziel, diese empirisch zu erfassen, zu klassifizieren und zu analysieren. Die qualitative und quantitative Analyse von Zweifelsfällen wird mithilfe eines repräsentativen Korpus vorgenommen, um Erkenntnisse sowohl über die Stellung der Kasusauffälligkeiten im Sprachsystem (Sprachsystemanalyse) als auch über deren tatsächliche Verbreitung (Sprachgebrauchsanalyse) zu gewinnen. Diese Analyse ergibt, dass die in Grammatiken und Nachschlagewerken vorzufindenden Werturteile über die Verbreitung und Grammatikalität von Strukturen oft zu pauschal ausfallen, da sie zwei wesentliche Faktoren - den grammatischen Aufbau von Phrasen und die Region - weitgehend unberücksichtigt lassen. Ebenso kommt es vor, dass Lehrerinnen und Lehrer bei der Korrektur von Lernertexten sprachliche Strukturen als fehlerhaft markieren, obwohl es sich um Varianten handelt. Diese Erkenntnisse werden in einem didaktischen Teil verarbeitet, der auch konkrete Unterrichtsvorschläge enthält.

This report examines how changes to the current military-civilian faculty composition at the United States Air Force Academy might affect cadets’ officership and academic development, cost, staffing challenges, and officer career development. Based on the study’s findings, the report makes recommendations for a faculty composition that best balances these key factors and is sustainable into the future.

The severity of interconnected socio-economic and environmental impacts on landscapes and people across Africa are exacerbated as a result of land degradation, conflict, poor governance, competition for land and inequality, and exacerbated by climate change. In pursuing pathways towards a more resilient future, collaborative and multi-stakeholder governance and management of landscapes have been promoted by government agencies, NGOs and conservation organisations as a possible solution. However, there is no single way to achieve effective collaboration, and different landscape projects have experimented with different entry points and engagement processes. Grounded in partnerships amongst researchers, practitioners and development partners with expertise in landscape governance and management in Africa, this book describes and collates key lessons from practice for supporting more resilient and equitable landscapes.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

This book investigates what change is, according to Aristotle, and how it affects his conception of being. Mark Sentesy argues that the analysis of change leads Aristotle to develop first-order metaphysical concepts such as matter, potency, actuality, sources of being, epigenesis, and teleology. He shows that Aristotle's distinctive ontological claim-that being is inescapably diverse in kind-is anchored in his argument for the existence of change. Aristotle may be the only thinker to propose a noncircular definition of change. With his landmark argument that change did, in fact, exist, Aristotle challenged established assumptions about what it is and developed a set of conceptual frameworks that continue to provide insight into the nature of reality. This groundbreaking work on change, however, has long been interpreted through a Platonist view of change as unreal. By offering a comprehensive reexamination of Aristotle's pivotal arguments, and establishing his positive ontological conception of change, Sentesy makes a significant contribution to scholarship on Aristotle, ancient philosophy, the history and philosophy of science, and metaphysics.