Open Access Books

Der Tagungsband geht aus akteurszentrierter Perspektive den Fragen nach, welche Personen(-gruppen) am Zustandekommen des Westfälischen Friedens beteiligt waren, wer von diesem Prozess wie profitiert hat und wer auf welche Weise zur Informationsverbreitung beigetragen hat. Damit wird ein zentraler Ansatz der Neuen Diplomatiegeschichte aufgegriffen und in breitem Zugriff für die Erforschung des Westfälischen Friedenskongresses nutzbar gemacht. Anders als in der älteren Forschung rücken somit nicht nur die Diplomaten selbst in den Fokus, sondern auch ihr vielgestaltiges Gefolge, auswärtige Künstler und Musiker oder auch lokale Akteure in den Kongressstädten. Die „Friedensmacher" in den Blick zu nehmen, heißt jedoch nicht, eine Erfolgsgeschichte des Kongresses schreiben zu wollen und lediglich dem individuellen Anteil der zeitgenössischen Akteure am Zustandekommen des Friedensschlusses nachzuspüren. Vielmehr geht es darum, in erweiterter Perspektive Personen(-gruppen), soziale Figurationen und Akteurskonstellationen zu untersuchen, die das Kongressgeschehen prägten, begleiteten oder rezipierten.

As the world moves further into urbanization, there is a greater need for construction materials to meet society’s needs. As natural resources become scarce, the use of recycled materials for construction purposes has become increasingly common. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of recycled materials in the construction industry. This will result in substantial advantages in structure and infrastructure construction coupled with a reduction in the construction cost, as well as improving sustainability. However, significant development limitations and many relevant considerations must be addressed when using recycled materials in construction. This book introduces innovative and alternative construction materials used in civil engineering.

In Tarlabasi, an Istanbul neighbourhood facing massive redevelopment and displacement, marginalised residents speak about belonging, stigma, and what their community means to them. Based on a long-term ethnographic study that includes interviews, photographs, and archival research, Constanze Letsch examines how territorial stigmatisation is weaponised by the state and how differently stigmatised groups try to fight against the vilification of their neighbourhood. The contested plans of urban renewal threaten not only their homes and workplaces but a rapidly vanishing Istanbul: socio-demographic interdependencies and networks that have developed over decades.

Published

This Reprint highlights recent advances in energy conversion materials and devices that are shaping the next generation of sustainable technologies. As global demands for clean and efficient energy systems continue to rise, researchers are developing innovative materials, architectures, and mechanisms that improve performance, safety, stability, and environmental compatibility. The collected articles offer a broad yet coherent view of these developments, covering progress in high-efficiency batteries, lead-free and solution-processed photovoltaics, electrochromic and optoelectronic devices, and broadband optical materials. Key contributions include strategies for stabilizing lithium metal and high-capacity cathodes, emerging concepts for sodium-ion storage, nanoscale engineering of electrochromic films, and advances in lead-free perovskite solar materials. The Reprint also explores cutting-edge light-emitting technologies and broadband near-infrared glass systems that expand the capabilities of telecommunications and sensing. Together, these works demonstrate how materials innovation and device engineering can accelerate the transition toward cleaner and smarter energy solutions. This Reprint provides a timely overview for researchers, engineers, and practitioners seeking actionable insights across the rapidly evolving landscape of energy conversion technologies.

Instandhaltungsentscheidungen der Immobilienwirtschaft sind von hoher wirtschaftlicher Relevanz. Insbesondere werden jedoch stochastische Alterungsprozesse kaum beachtet. Zur Ermittlung optimaler Instandhaltungsstrategien werden eine geeignete Entscheidungsstruktur sowie ein Entscheidungsmodell vorgestellt. Ein Vergleich mit in der Praxis üblichen Strategien belegt die Vorteilhaftigkeit. Im Rahmen von Fallbeispielen werden Kalibrierung und Anwendung an komplexen Gebäudeelementen erläutert.

Partout en Europe, c’est dans le cadre des « pays » primitifs (comtés, duchés, principautés) que les noblesses ont affirmé leur vocation politique. L’absorption de ces « pays » dans des ensembles plus vastes n’a pas aboli les structures de représentation (assemblées d’états, diètes, cortès) dans lesquelles les corps nobiliaires se sont épanouis comme « représentants-nés » de territoires en voie de provincialisation. Cet ouvrage étudie le rôle que les noblesses européennes ont joué dans les phénomènes de résistance et de renouvellement des pouvoirs intermédiaires sous les anciens régimes. Il prolonge la réflexion au-delà de 1789 pour comprendre comment, en France, la noblesse s’est adaptée à la mutation des cadres territoriaux et à la centralisation du pouvoir.

Strains in U.S.-Turkish have grown since the end of the Cold War. Divergences have been particularly visible in policy toward the Middle East. As a result, Turkey is likely to be an increasingly difficult and less predictable partner in the future.

The aim of this study was to describe and quantify Se transfer at the interface between soil and plant. For this purpose, three Se reservoirs were defined: soil, soil solution and plant, represented by kaolinite or goethite, nutrient solution and rice. First, Se transfer from solution to plant and Se partitioning in the plant was studied; then adsorption-desorption processes of Se onto kaolinite and goethite were investigated. Finally, a mass balance of the combined experiment was modelled.

This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme.

Celem prezentowanego tekstu jest przedstawienie teoretyczno-metodologicznych aspektów badania społeczno-kulturowego fenomenu, jakim jest (nie)pełnosprawność w kontekście krytycznie zorientowanych badań na pograniczu nauk społecznych, humanistyki i sztuki. Związek między kulturą, wiedzą, performatywnymi praktykami wytwarzania rzeczywistości społecznej a naukami społecznymi (przede wszystkim antropologią, socjologią, etnografią), ma długą i bogatą tradycję, a w ostatnich latach rozwijają się nowe podejścia i nurty badawcze koncentrujące się wokół transdyscyplinarnych kategorii związanych z rasą, płcią, etnicznością, seksualnością, a także (nie)pełnosprawnością. Wytyczają one nowe pola badawcze i nowe możliwości interpretacji zjawisk społecznych, stanowiąc swego rodzaju krytyczny komentarz rzeczywistości i eksperymentalne laboratorium życia społecznego. Jednym z takich interdyscyplinarnych obszarów są, rozwijające się intensywnie od lat 80. XX w., studia o niepełnosprawności, a zwłaszcza ich krytycznie zorientowany nurt w postaci Critical Disability Studies (Goodley 2014). W ich kontekście performatywność można postrzegać jako siatkę dyfrakcyjną, która nałożona na zjawisko (nie)pełnosprawności, pozwala przyjrzeć mu się w rozproszeniu wynikającym ze skrzyżowania różnych teorii i podejść, przede wszystkim feminizmu, teorii queer, badań nad nauką, studiów kulturowych i krytycznej teorii społecznej (Haraway 1998, 2008; Latour 2010; Barad 2007, 2012). W artykule przedstawiono wybrane metodologie, inspirowane głównie filozofią tzw. nowego realizmu: metodę ontologicznego opowiadania (storytelling) oraz metodę kartograficzną, ich kontekst teoretyczny oraz znaczenie dla badania problematyki badania (nie)pełnosprawności, a także przykłady realizowanych w Polsce badań performatywnych na pograniczu sztuki i niepełnosprawności (autobiograficzny performans tożsamościowy i performans społecznego oporu).

The pandemic produced changes in the organisation of the socioeconomic tissue. The educational system, in particular, underwent a forced reconsideration of classrooms’ space and time. To preserve inclusivity and wellbeing and to compensate for the lack of body-cognitive experiences, our research team worked with the educational systems before and during the pandemic, providing educators with effective indexes concerning didactic practices. What emerged from our studies is the necessity to help students and teachers to cope with isolation, boredom, and bullying. The following document aims to report the multidisciplinary approaches developed by the international team from the University of Naples Parthenope (Italy) and the University of Derby (United Kingdom).

This work addresses the need to transform the teaching of Social Sciences, overcoming traditional curricula that limit critical thinking and student participation. In today’s knowledge-based society, the prevalence of lectures and student passivity contrast with the urgent need for approaches that foster leadership and the active construction of knowledge. Local history is presented as an essential pedagogical proposal to overcome these limitations. By connecting students with their immediate environment, it promotes meaningful and active learning, engaging both teachers and students. However, a gap has been identified in Social Sciences curricula regarding the local context, which impedes the construction of identity and the recognition of the indigenous. This approach seeks to fill this gap by highlighting the relevance of local history for the development of critical thinking and a deep understanding of society, promoting a more relevant and contextualized education.

Addiction in its various forms represents an enormous challenge to society. Worldwide, it has been estimated that alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs were responsible of more than 10 million deaths (Anderson et al, 2018), with a higher impact in developed countries where substance use disorders have been identified as responsible for life expectancy reversals (Rehm et al, 2016). Societal and medical responses to the problem are far from optimal, but the appearance of new technologies offers room for improvement, and lots of new initiatives have been launched and developed. In this Special Issue, we will describe and discuss how these new tools are helping to improve the assessment and treatment of substance use disorders. We will cover a wide variety of novelties that are being applied to addiction; e-health, APPs, digital phenotyping, ecological momentary assessment and interventions, wearable technology, computer-assisted tests, transcraneal magnetic stimulation, and virtual reality are just some examples of developments in a field that promises to create a real revolution in the assessment and treatment of addictions.

The European Union actively participates in international initiatives for the sustainable development of urban areas. This is also the case with cooperation with India, which struggles with numerous urban problems such as environmental protection, lack of developed infrastructure, and urban economic management. The aim of this chapter is to present EU-India cooperation for urban development in India. It illustrates the impact of international agreements on the EU's urban policy developed over the years, joint EU-India initiatives, as well as selected examples of actions that have contributed to the real development of Indian cities. This allows for answering questions regarding the principles of EU urban policy, EU-India cooperation for the development of urban areas, and its effects.