Open Access Books

Bougie, la Bejaïa de l’Algérie actuelle, fut l’un des ports les plus actifs et prospères du Maghreb médiéval. De sa fondation en 1067 jusqu’à sa conquête par les Espagnols en 1510, cette cité participe aux échanges qui s’intensifient alors en Méditerranée, attire les marchands d’Italie, de la péninsule Ibérique et de Provence, mais développe aussi ses propres activités. Car elle tire sa puissance de son ouverture à un espace maritime dynamique, mais aussi de sa capacité à agir comme pôle d’impulsion politique et économique dans le Maghreb central. Cette étude, mobilisant aussi bien les textes arabes que les documents d’archives européens, souligne cette insertion du port dans des réseaux tant maghrébins que méditerranéens. Dans un contexte où l’initiative est largement passée du côté latin, son devenir est ainsi lié aux évolutions de la conjoncture générale en Méditerranée occidentale, et notamment en Europe. Malgré les difficultés auxquelles elle doit faire face, Bougie apparaît comme exemplaire des villes maritimes du Maghreb qui, à une époque trop souvent considérée globalement comme marquée par le déclin du monde musulman, connaissent dans les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge un essor remarquable et deviennent des centres politiques, économiques et culturels de premier plan. En prenant le parti d’observer ces évolutions depuis la rive africaine et non du seul point de vue des cités européennes, Dominique Valérian montre que l’histoire de la Méditerranée médiévale est aussi celle des ports musulmans, et de la part active qu’ils prirent dans les échanges.

The aim of this work is to model and experimentally characterize the anisotropic material behavior of SMC composites on the macroscale with consideration of the microstructure. Temperature-dependent thermoelastic behavior and failure behavior are modeled and the corresponding material properties are determined experimentally. Additionally, experimental biaxial damage investigations are performed. A parameter identification merges modeling and experiments and validates the models.

Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry

The rapid urban growth in the Anthropocene poses social challenges for well-being. The term "diseasogenic," originating from the Global North, highlights the relationship between cities and health. The objectives of this study were i) to propose the concept of "pathogenic city" as equivalent to "diseasogenic" based on academic publications from the Global South and ii) to provide a unified operational definition within the framework of urban planning. In this systematic review, using Google Scholar, the content of 7 English-language scientific publications containing "diseasogenic" and 9 Spanish-language publications containing "entornos patógenos" and "ciudad patógena" was analyzed from 27 and 16 initially detected scientific publications, respectively. In English, 3 conference papers, 2 book chapters, 1 scientific article, and 1 review article were analyzed. In Spanish, 9 scientific articles were reviewed. This state-of-the-art review on the application, usage, and operational definition of the term 'diseasogenic' from an urban-architectural perspective is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory investigation. The results revealed the relationship between "diseasogenic" and "pathogenic city" and their interaction with urban planning and citizen health management. It is concluded that an emerging definition of urban pathologies fosters identification between the Global North and South, recognizing points of convergence in the impacts of cities on urban and individual health of their occupants regardless ofthe hemisphere they inhabit.

This Reprint focuses on the genetic engineering of plants for stress tolerance, systematically elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms and engineering strategies that enable plants to withstand adverse conditions such as drought, salinity, hypoxia, and biotic stresses. By integrating gene editing, synthetic biology, and multi-omics approaches, it highlights cutting-edge theoretical advances and representative application cases, providing a solid scientific foundation and technical reference for developing high-yield, stable, and sustainable crop varieties.

Sound can be transmitted to the inner ear not only through the typical air conduction pathway but also through other pathways such as bone conduction and cartilage conduction. In recent years, the development of devices utilizing these pathways has progressed, and they are now being used in clinical settings. This Special Issue covers basic research related to bone conduction, cartilage conduction, and studies on devices utilizing these methods.

Confronté au double défi de l'unification et de la mondialisation, le « modèle rhénan » semblait s'être progressivement englué dans ses pesanteurs et ses rigidités. Pourtant, le gouvernement Schröder est parvenu à sortir l'Allemagne de sa torpeur. Réforme fiscale, privatisations, modernisation bancaire et financière, épargne-retraite, flexibilité du travail, gouvernance sociale,... - aucun domaine n'échappe à de profondes mutations. Une nouvelle dynamique collective de modernisation a saisi pouvoirs publics, acteurs économiques, partenaires sociaux ; elle se fonde sur une acceptation raisonnée du changement. Dans un contexte en pleine évolution, l'Allemagne réagit et tente de libérer sa compétitivité, ses forces d'innovation et de croissance. L'impératif réformateur est triple : la globalisation et l'intégration croissante de l'Union européenne exigent l'adaptation des structures et de la réglementation ; la « révolution technologique » force à la réorganisation des activités et des règles du jeu ; la normalité nouvelle de l'Allemagne réunifiée appelle la redéfinition des fondements mêmes du « modèle rhénan ». Le défi que relève actuellement la société allemande dépasse l'horizon mental national. C'est avant tout un choix européen assumé. Parce que le site Allemagne est au cœur de l'Europe, il ne peut échapper à la modernisation : de son dynamisme retrouvé dépendra la compétitivité de l'espace économique européen dans son ensemble, et donc celle de chacun des Etats membres. En révélant le haut degré d'interdépendance des économies nationales au sein de la zone euro, l'avènement de la monnaie unique en a forcé la prise de conscience collective. Tout autant que la globalisation ou la « nouvelle économie », le vrai levier des mutations que connaît l'économie allemande n'est autre que la réalité vécue et acceptée de l'Europe économique et monétaire. En cela, l'Allemagne est peut-être en train de reprendre une longueur d'avance. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail collectif issu de l'activité d'étude et d'observation suivies de l'équipe du CIRAC et de son réseau, rassemblés autour de la revue Regards sur l'économie allemande. Les auteurs des contributions sont des spécialistes réputés, de jeunes chercheurs et experts, ainsi que des journalistes spécialisés.

The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence, founded in 1775 by the Grand Duke Peter Leopold, is the oldest scientific museum in Europe. Firenze University Press opens the series dealing with the six sections of the Museum with this book on La Specola, situated in Palazzo Torrigiani, which represented the original nucleus. The articles in the first section reconstruct the historic background, the foundation of La Specola and the genesis and development of the collections. The second part considers the anatomical waxes, the entomological collections, and those of the vertebrates and the invertebrates, with a view to providing a description of the precious specimens that is at once precise and accessible. Finally, the third section completes the picture, retracing the important research activity that has accompanied the history of La Specola and reporting on the scientific projects in which the personnel are engaged. The largest collection in the world of anatomical wax models and the vast zoological collection are illustrated by the people directly involved in the related research, and by a superb selection of original photos produced specially for this publication.

We are entering the era of big data, and machine learning can be used to analyze this deluge of data automatically. Machine learning has been used to solve many interesting and often difficult real-world problems, and the biometrics is one of the leading applications of machine learning. This book introduces some new techniques on biometrics and machine learning, and new proposals of using machine learning techniques for biometrics as well. This book consists of two parts: "Biometrics" and "Machine Learning for Biometrics." Parts I and II contain four and three chapters, respectively. The book is reviewed by editors: Prof. Jucheng Yang, Prof. Dong Sun Park, Prof. Sook Yoon, Dr. Yarui Chen, and Dr. Chuanlei Zhang.

L'histoire des comportements s'écrit au croisement de l'histoire des cultures et de l'histoire de la construction de l'individu. Expérimenté avec bonheur par Régis Bertrand, professeur émérite d'histoire moderne à l'Université de Provence, à propos des comportements religieux, funéraires ou mémoriels, ce croisement est ici tenté en hommage amical par vingt-trois auteurs travaillant sur l'Europe méridionale du Moyen Âge à l'époque contemporaine. Ces études sont consacrées à des champs de rech...

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

O autor estuda a psiquiatria portuguesa no período da sua institucionalização. Faz uma síntese do contexto científico- médico internacional, mostrando os progressos da medicina, onde além da biologia se inicia no fim do século XIX o estudo das formulações psicogenéticas. Depois analisa o contexto nacional, incluindo legislação, os estabelecimentos e sua história, os regulamentos, planos de reforma, publicações e divulgação científica, e o ensino, com destaque para a reforma de 1911. Os protagonistas, as suas ideias e trabalhos publicados são analisados, procurando mostrar as suas diferenças de opinião em diversas matérias, em tempos históricos atravessados por conflitos sociais e políticos, mas de grande riqueza no plano das ideias. Se na primeira fase as principais figuras são arautos de correntes filosóficas e científicas oitocentistas, na segunda fase surgem novas ideias que permitem a renovação das relações entre a neurologia e a psiquiatria, divulgando-se uma atitude mais psicológica e psicoterapêutica. Em conclusão, a psiquiatria, de acordo com um alargamento pluridisciplinar, vai definindo formas mais diversificadas de tratamento institucional, com uma visão biológica mais integradora.

Este livro reconstrói a trajetória de Antônio Honorato de Arantes Filho (1930–2009), trabalhador pardo que, a partir de origens populares e com baixo letramento formal, construiu um percurso singular de ascensão social em Salvador ao longo do século XX. A obra analisa sua experiência como operário têxtil, profissional da construção civil e administrador rural, articulando trabalho, classe e relações raciais em um contexto anterior à consolidação de uma classe média negra na cidade. Com base em manuscritos autobiográficos inéditos, documentos pessoais, processos judiciais, entrevistas e vasto acervo iconográfico, o livro oferece uma leitura sensível das estratégias, limites e estigmas enfrentados por um sujeito “excepcional-normal”. Trata-se de uma contribuição relevante para os estudos sobre mobilidade social, história do trabalho e dinâmicas de cor no Brasil.

Alors que la guerre fait encore rage en Syrie et que les sociétés de la rive sud de la Méditerranée hésitent entre protestation ouverte et crainte de la violence d'État, il importe de saisir la place qu'occupent les morts de guerre dans ces pays du Proche et du Moyen-Orient, où ils paraissent si intimement liés à la culture politique. À chaque fois, ici comme ailleurs, que ce soit lors d'assassinats politiques, lors de massacres accompagnant une guerre civile ou sur des champs de bataille, i...

Since accidentally discovering the ability of glycerol on protecting cells from freezing damage, many researchers have been pursuing to develop cryopreservation methods of a very wide range of cells and some tissues, and these have found widespread applications in biology and medicine. From the point of view of living organisms, cryopreservation is a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources together with its contribution on conservation of their biodiversity. Cryopreservation in Eukaryotes includes totally 12 chapters, which have been written by the expert researchers in the field. The chapters are a comprehensive collection of the most frequently used methods for eukaryotes. With this book, every researcher will better understand the principles, background, and current status of cryopreservation in particular organisms.