Open Access Books

This book examines the principles and practice of authentic assessment. It seeks to answer the following questions. What is authentic assessment? How is authentic assessment different from 'performance assessment' or 'alternative assessment'? How can authentic assessment support learner-centred education, especially when a performance-oriented culture favours pen-and-paper examinations? The book is structured into two major parts. The first, 'Principles of authentic assessment design', provides readers with a conceptual explanation of authenticity; the principles for designing quality authentic assessments for valid evidence of student learning; and guidance about how to develop quality rubrics to structure assessment tasks. The second part of the book, 'Theory into practice' provides examples developed by teachers to demonstrate an understanding of authentic assessment. The subject areas covered include humanities, languages, mathematics, sciences, character and citizenship. Two case studies are discussed to demonstrate how authentic assessment can be used to comprehensively address key learning objectives in a variety of curriculum contexts. This book provides practitioners with concrete examples on how to develop authentic assessment to suit their context and also enhance their students’ learning. The book will also enable teachers to face assessment challenges present in our changing world.

Open-access edition: DOI 10.6069/9780295800554 The Chinese-speaking Muslims have for centuries been an inseparable but anomalous part of Chinese society--Sinophone yet incomprehensible, local yet outsiders, normal but different. Long regarded by the Chinese government as prone to violence, they have challenged fundamental Chinese conceptions of "self" and "other" and denied the totally transforming power of Chinese civilization by tenaciously maintaining connections with Central and West Asia as well as some cultural differences from their non-Muslim neighbors. Familiar Strangers narrates a history of the Muslims of northwest China, at the intersection of the frontiers of the Mongolian-Manchu, Tibetan, Turkic, and Chinese cultural regions. Based on primary and secondary sources in a variety of languages, Familiar Strangers examines the nature of ethnicity and periphery, the role of religion and ethnicity in personal and collective decisions in violent times, and the complexity of belonging to two cultures at once. Concerning itself with a frontier very distant from the core areas of Chinese culture and very strange to most Chinese, it explores the influence of language, religion, and place on Sino-Muslim identity.

In a classical approach materials science is mainly dealing with interatomic interactions within molecules, without paying much interest on weak intermolecular interactions. However, the variety of structures actually is the result of weak ordering because of noncovalent interactions. Indeed, for self-assembly to be possible in soft materials, it is evident that forces between molecules must be much weaker than covalent bonds between the atoms of a molecule. The weak intermolecular interactions responsible for molecular ordering in soft materials include hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds in ligands and complexes, ionic and dipolar interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Recent evolutions in nanosciences and nanotechnologies provide strong arguments to support the opportunity and importance of the topics approached in this book, the fundamental and applicative aspects related to molecular interactions being of large interest in both research and innovative environments. We expect this book to have a strong impact at various education and research training levels, for young and experienced researchers from both academia and industry.

From its earliest days, Buddhism has been closely intertwined with medicine. Buddhism and Medicine is a singular collection showcasing the generative relationship and mutual influence between these fields across premodern Asia. The anthology combines dozens of English-language translations of premodern Buddhist texts with contextualizing introductions by leading international scholars in Buddhist studies, the history of medicine, and a range of other fields. These sources explore in detail medical topics ranging from the development of fetal anatomy in the womb to nursing, hospice, dietary regimen, magical powers, visualization, and other healing knowledge. Works translated here include meditation guides, popular narratives, ritual manuals, spells texts, monastic disciplinary codes, recipe inscriptions, philosophical treatises, poetry, works by physicians, and other genres. All together, these selections and their introductions provide a comprehensive overview of Buddhist healing throughout Asia. They also demonstrate the central place of healing in Buddhist practice and in the daily life of the premodern world.

Welche Präventionsmöglichkeiten gibt es im Bildungsbereich zur Vorbeugung von Antisemitismus? Wie können künftige Lehrpersonen für den Umgang mit Antisemitismen qualifiziert werden? Was ist zu tun, wenn an einer Schule oder Hochschule ein antisemitischer Vorfall geschieht? In diesem Band beantworten Expertinnen und Experten aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen solche und weitere wichtige Fragen. Sie nutzen dazu ihre relevanten Forschungsergebnisse und reichen Praxiserfahrungen. Die Zusammenschau aller Beiträge eröffnet neue Perspektiven und zeigt auf, wie Lehrer:innen, Dozierende, Schulen und Hochschulen ihre gesellschaftliche Verantwortung gegen Antisemitismus wahrnehmen können.

In the quest for sustainable solutions, a groundbreaking innovation emerges: Nanobiohybrids for Advanced Wastewater Treatment and Energy Recovery. This compelling title delves into the forefront of integrated environmental technology, exploring the synergistic potential of nanotechnology and biotechnology in revolutionizing the way we manage wastewater and harness energy. Inside these pages, you'll: - Find insightful explorations of process fundamentals of nanobiohybrids for water purification, microbial synthesis of nanocatalysts and energy storage devices. Grasp the mechanics of nanoparticle biosynthesis, biomolecule integration, and the dynamic interplay between nanotechnology and biology. - Embark on fundamental components investigating environmental remediation for both wastewater treatment and energy recovery. Focusing on both components of nanobiohybrids: on the one hand organic, inorganic and magnetic nanoparticles, and on the other hand electroactive bacteria. - Understand the implications of nanobiohybrids for environmental remediation, water and wastewater treatment to conserve resources and protect the environment. Explore how these solutions contribute to pollution control, resource recovery, sensing and photoelectrocatalysis. This book is an indispensable resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and anyone intrigued by the intersection of nanoscience, nanotechnology and sustainability. As we stand at the brink of a new era in environmental engineering, this book empowers you to be at the forefront of change. Join the movement towards cleaner waters, abundant energy, and a brighter future with nanobiohybrids.

The Reprint of the Special Issue “Recent Advances on Catalytic Surfaces and Interfaces” aims to cover the recent advances in the fundamental understanding of surface and interface phenomena in catalysis. It consists of nine high-quality papers on various aspects of catalysis, related to the rational design and fine-tuning strategies during some of the most relevant applications in electro-, photo-, and thermo-catalysis, such as green diesel production, hydrocracking, hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and wastewater treatment, among others.

Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.

This is a philosophical work that develops a general theory of ontological objects and object-relations. It does this by examining concepts as acquired dispositions, and then focuses on perhaps the most important of these: the concept of learning. This concept is important because everything that we know and do in the world is predicated on a prior act of learning. A concept can have many meanings and can be used in a number of different ways, and this creates difficulty when considering the nature of objects and the relationships between them. To enable this, David Scott answers a series of questions about concepts in general and the concept of learning in particular. Some of these questions are: What is learning? What different meanings can be given to the notion of learning? How does the concept of learning relate to other concepts, such as innatism, development and progression? The book offers a counter-argument to empiricist conceptions of learning, to the propagation of simple messages about learning, knowledge, curriculum and assessment, and to the denial that values are central to understanding how we live. It argues that values permeate everything: our descriptions of the world, the attempts we make at creating better futures and our relations with other people. Praise for On Learning 'Provides a nuanced and layered understanding of the complex concept and practice of learning to students and researchers.' Educational Review

Computational homogenization permits to capture the influence of the microstructure on the cyclic mechanical behavior of polycrystalline metals. In this work we investigate methods to compute Laguerre tessellations as computational cells of polycrystalline microstructures, propose a new method to assign crystallographic orientations to the Laguerre cells and use Bayesian optimization to find suitable parameters for the underlying micromechanical model from macroscopic experiments.

By 2050, new forms of agriculture without chemical pesticides are possible across Europe. What might they look like, and what would be the consequences of such a transformation? This outlook, produced by a group of European experts, proposes breakthrough strategies for chemical pesticide-free crop protection based on plant immunity, the holobiont of the cultivated plant and biological regulation on a landscape scale. It also explores three food system transition scenarios and trajectories, broken down into four production sectors and regions (Italy, Romania, Finland and France). The authors assess the impact of these scenarios on production, trade, changes in land use and greenhouse gas emissions, for Europe and on a global scale. While it implies a strong commitment from all players in the agri-food chain and the implementation of coherent public policies in the associated areas, this transition is not just a sectoral issue; it is also a societal choice. Aimed at political, administrative and association leaders, this book will also be of interest to students and researchers involved in interdisciplinary approaches to agricultural and food systems, as well as to any citizen keen to find ways of moving away from chemical pesticides.

Mit der Digitalisierung erfährt der Literaturbetrieb der Gegenwart einen massiven Wandel. Autor*innen schaffen mithilfe der sozialen Medien zusätzliche Kommunikations- und Inszenierungsräume – mit der Konsequenz, dass sich die Literaturwissenschaft in ihrer klassischen Terminologie herausgefordert sieht. Der Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, diese Auswirkungen der sozialen Medien auf die Gegenwartsliteratur zu erforschen. Er geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass das Experimentieren mit den ästhetischen Möglichkeiten sozialer Medien vor allem im Bereich der Popliteratur stattfindet, die gegenwärtig eine dritte Konjunkturwelle erlebt. Ob die Literarisierung von SMS- und E-Mail-Messages oder Chatprotokollen einschließlich ihrer Codes der Emojis, GIFs, Memes im zeitgenössischen Pop-Roman, ob Twitter-Literatur, Poetry Bots oder Instagram-Feeds auf den Social-Media-Kanälen: als Pop 3.0 ist die digitale ‚Kultur der Masse‘ in der Gegenwartsliteratur angekommen. https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/publikationen/openaccess/open-access-buecher/open-access-transformationspakete?lang=de ; Mit der Digitalisierung erfährt der Literaturbetrieb der Gegenwart einen massiven Wandel. Autor*innen schaffen mithilfe der sozialen Medien zusätzliche Kommunikations- und Inszenierungsräume – mit der Konsequenz, dass sich die Literaturwissenschaft in ihrer klassischen Terminologie herausgefordert sieht. Der Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, diese Auswirkungen der sozialen Medien auf die Gegenwartsliteratur zu erforschen. Er geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass das Experimentieren mit den ästhetischen Möglichkeiten sozialer Medien vor allem im Bereich der Popliteratur stattfindet, die gegenwärtig eine dritte Konjunkturwelle erlebt. Ob die Literarisierung von SMS- und E-Mail-Messages oder Chatprotokollen einschließlich ihrer Codes der Emojis, GIFs, Memes im zeitgenössischen Pop-Roman, ob Twitter-Literatur, Poetry Bots oder Instagram-Feeds auf den Social-Media-Kanälen: als Pop 3.0 ist die digitale ‚Kultur der Masse‘ in der Gegenwartsliteratur angekommen. https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/publikationen/openaccess/open-access-buecher/open-access-transformationspakete?lang=de

This book explains the challenges related to global energy transition, focusing on decarbonization, renewable technologies, and sustainable mobility. It offers a comprehensive exploration of integrated socio-economic, environmental, and technological perspectives and provides actionable solutions and practical pathways for transitioning to sustainable energy systems. Designed to be used in short academic courses, this textbook is an excellent foundational text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in engineering and environmental sciences taking specialized courses in energy systems, renewable technologies, climate change mitigation, and environmental impacts. It is also a great resource for professionals and policy makers involved in energy projects. Features: Offers an interdisciplinary approach to energy transitions combining theoretical frameworks with practical applications. Explores the full spectrum of energy systems, comparing conventional to renewable sources, energy vectors, and energy-storage technologies. Incorporates real-world data from leading institutions and integrates key historical milestones like the Paris Agreement with forward-looking trends. Highlights cutting-edge innovations, including solar and wind energy, hydrogen, energy-storage systems, synthetic fuels, and smart grids, and emphasizes their integration into energy systems and sustainable mobility solutions. Bridges the gap between socio-economic, environmental, and technological perspectives. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Tracing the experiences of mobile Himalayans across the globe, Places in Knots describes the ways in which Himalayan people relate to the multiple places they inhabit and the work and trouble of keeping their communities tied together. Martin Saxer describes global Himalayan ventures as a form of expansion of community rather than out-migration. Moving out does not sever the bonds of community. Instead, it is the pull that tightens the knot. Coffee-table books and trekking agencies continue to advertise the Himalayas as remote "hidden valleys," and NGOs see them as fragile mountain ecosystems to be protected from global forces of destruction. Places in Knots shows how these tropes of remoteness inform development and conservation policies and thus shape the contexts in which Himalayan connections with the wider world are forged and maintained. Following Himalayan journeys between valleys in Nepal and beyond, Saxer draws a picture of globalization that emerges not from the centers or below—but rather from the edge. Thanks to generous funding from LMU München, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.

This Element introduces a Theory of Linguistic Individuality that, starting from basic notions of cognitive linguistics, establishes a formal framework for the mathematical modelling of language processing that is then applied to three computational experiments, including using the likelihood ratio framework. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.