Open Access Books

Ante los debates en torno a las tecnologías de la reproducción humana, el autor plantea una pregunta básicamente etnográfica ¿Cómo la gente experimenta y da sentido a estas tecnologías? Para resolver la cuestión analiza diferentes aspectos de las relaciones de parentesco en contextos de la reproducción asistida, desde la fragilidad vivida de los hechos de la reproducción, la incertidumbre ante los conocimientos de la reproducción, hasta las conexiones cambiantes que se establecen entre naturaleza y cultura. Resalta el aspecto de mediación de los conocimientos del parentesco como uno de los principales instrumentos que tiene la gente para pensar y dar sentido a las tecnologías de la reproducción ¿Cómo dar sentido a un gameto? ¿Cómo entender la filiación a través de las donaciones? ¿Cómo entender la herencia? ¿Cómo comprender las posibilidades que la nueva genética nos proporciona? Se pregunta por las implicaciones de las tecnologías para analizar cómo la gente piensa las relaciones de parentesco del futuro ¿Qué sucede cuando la "sustancia biogenética" es el resultado de los "hechos de la reproducción asistida", es decir, cuando la biología de la reproducción es asistida por la tecnología? ¿Cuáles son las transformaciones de las relaciones de parentesco actuales? Estableciendo un diálogo con las nuevas teorías del parentesco, analiza los valores que sustentan las prácticas de las relaciones de parentesco ¿Cómo las tecnologías de reproducción humana son un elemento para pensar y hacer explícitos valores surgidos a partir de la división moderna entre naturaleza y cultura? ¿Qué sucede a la cultura cuando la naturaleza es asistida? ¿Qué pueden decirnos otros sistemas de parentesco que no se fundamentan en la división entre naturaleza y cultura?

This Finnish EPPO/OLAF volume provides comprehensive information for the EPPO/OLAF sector, including case law, legal sources, and relevant organizations. It also summarises the national legislation relating to Finnish EPPO investigations, with a focus on the criminal investigation procedure. The last section deals with investigative missions in connection with OLAF investigations in Finland. Prof Dr Raimo Lahti has acted as the publication’s national expert.While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Finnish legislation. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

Avec L’Âge séculier (2007), Charles Taylor couronnait une œuvre consacrée à la genèse de la modernité et à la pensée du multiple. Il reconstituait la diversité des moments et des réflexions qui menèrent à un âge séculier, aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Mais loin de constituer une synthèse humaniste, laissant derrière lui l’âge théologique, celui-ci éclate à son tour aux XIXe et XXe siècles, par un « effet supernova » comme Taylor l’a joliment appelé, en une multitude de galaxies nouvelles, où les athéismes côtoient des humanismes déistes mais aussi des « retours de Dieu » surprenants d’expressivité. Ce sont les diverses facettes remarquables de cet Âge séculier que traitent les auteurs de ce livre : sa place dans l’œuvre de Taylor, sa théorie complexe de la sécularisation, certains de ses moments historiques, son intérêt – ou non – dans l’actualité des religions. Une confrontation à un maître ouvrage, qui contribue à forger des instruments de pensée permettant de dépasser le conflit entre laïcité intransigeante et « accommodements raisonnables ».

En los últimos diez años, el campo de estudios sobre los exilios políticos ha crecido sustantivamente en temas y problemas de investigación. El presente libro se enraíza en este proceso pues cristaliza reflexiones e inquietudes confluyentes dentro del campo. Esta obra reúne trabajos de investigación innovadores que fueron presentados en el Coloquio Internacional de Investigaciones sobre los Exilios Políticos del Cono Sur, celebrado el día 11 de octubre de 2017 en el Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO), en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

Les auteurs de ce recueil cherchent à mesurer l'apport et à interroger les principaux acquis de deux décennies de recherches sur l'expérience des femmes voyageuses et sur leurs différents témoignages littéraires, qu'ils relèvent de la production imprimée ou des écritures intimes. L'analyse porte d'abord sur les ambiguïtés du regard féminin, à la fois caractérisé par une forme d'empathie pour l'Autre, spécialement pour la femme autochtone ou indigène, et simultanément porteur de préjugés de type national ou de type colonial sur les pays visités et sur leur société. Se trouve questionnée ensuite la manière dont ces femmes accèdent, au sein de l'espace public, à une visibilité et à une dignité nouvelles, en tant que femmes auteurs et en tant que sujets, grâce à des formes renouvelées de l'écriture viatique (qu'elle soit simple passe-temps ou témoignage élaboré) et grâce aux épreuves et aux difficultés que suppose la pratique même des voyages. Les sujets choisis concernent la période contemporaine, depuis les Lumières et le romantisme jusqu'au milieu du xxe siècle, et traitent le voyage comme démarche d'émancipation (comtesse d'Agoult ou personnages féminins des romans de George Sand) et comme démarche de connaissance (regard des Anglaises sur l'Algérie coloniale, reportages aux États-Unis de journalistes ou d'enseignantes), avec ses succès et aussi ses faux-semblants.

(Un-)Sicherheit ist weltweit zu einem Megatrend der Stadtentwicklung geworden. Die öffentliche Hand und die Privatwirtschaft etablieren neue Sicherheitspolitiken: Überwachungs- und Kontrolltechniken, städtebauliche Veränderungen, Formalisierung sozialer Kontrolle. Mit steigender Kriminalität kann dies jedoch nicht erklärt werden. Die Beiträge aus Stadtforschung und Kritischer Kriminalgeographie zeigen, dass die Differenzierungen von sicheren und unsicheren Orten das Ergebnis sozialer und diskursiver Konstruktionen sind und legen Strategien und Mechanismen zur Konstruktion von (Un-)Sicherheit offen. Dies ermöglicht neue Perspektiven auf den Zusammenhang von (Un-)Sicherheit und Stadt.

Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.

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Historically, for sustaining and reproducing their economic lives, people have obtained goods and services through various ways. How did people tackle issues that the market did not handle well? This volume compares early modern efforts to provide “public goods”—defined in contraposition to market-mediated goods and goods provided through personal relations, such as kinship ties. We examine poverty and famine relief, infrastructure building, and forestry management in East Asia and Europe, using Japan’s Tokugawa era (1603–1868) as a benchmark from which consider the cases in Prussia, China, and England. Taking advantage of rich scholarship on the role of autonomous village and regional society in Japan’s early modern history, the volume highlights the diverse approaches to providing public goods across societies, relativizing the discussion on the formation of fiscal state drawn from the experience in “advanced” Western Europe, and it constructs the beginnings of an early modern basis for forecasting the diversity in public-goods provision future into the modern and contemporary periods.

The book entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aims at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their contribution in complex ecological processes and their roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The book includes five research papers covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examines the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances implemented in the methods of the papers offered an opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes.

Elasticity is the ability of a material body to return to its original shape and size after the removal of a deforming force. The performance of materials can be defined according to their physical characteristics: stiffness, strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness. The elasticity of materials can be predicted by computational simulations and/or measured in laboratory experiments. This book is divided into two sections: “Simulations and Modeling” and “Characterization”. In particular, seven relevant topics and their applications are considered: theory, simulation, characterization, composites, single crystals, nanoindentation, and dielectric elastomers. Examples are provided of the elasticity of materials including composites, single crystals, auxetics, and dielectric elastomers. The book provides important practical skills and will be useful for postgraduate and higher-level science and engineering students.

Ink-jet printed devices on the flexible substrate are inexpensive and large area compatible as compared to rigid substrates. However, during fabrication and service they are subjected to complex strains, resulting in crack formation or delamination within the layers, affecting the device performance. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their failure mechanisms by correlating their electrical or structural properties with applied strain, supported by detailed microstructural investigations.

Drawing on new research material from ten European countries, Asylum Determination in Europe: Ethnographic Perspectives brings together a range of detailed accounts of the legal and bureaucratic processes by which asylum claims are decided.The book includes a legal overview of European asylum determination procedures, followed by sections on the diverse actors involved, the means by which they communicate, and the ways in which they make life and death decisions on a daily basis. It offers a contextually rich account that moves beyond doctrinal law to uncover the gaps and variances between formal policy and legislation, and law as actually practiced. The contributors employ a variety of disciplinary perspectives – sociological, anthropological, geographical and linguistic – but are united in their use of an ethnographic methodological approach. Through this lens, the book captures the confusion, improvisation, inconsistency, complexity and emotional turmoil inherent to the process of claiming asylum in Europe.

La Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó edita esta publicación que, desde las líneas de la economía solidaria, trata de explicar históricamente el proceso del cooperativismo agrario en Colombia teniendo en cuenta los fenómenos políticos y de transformación económica que ha tenido el país.