Open Access Books

Les Grecs et les Romains sacrifiaient aux dieux des produits qui faisaient partie de leur alimentation. Une nourriture tout humaine était dès lors un médium privilégié pour entrer en communication avec eux et les honorer. S’agissait-il pour autant de « Nourrir les dieux ? » Le point d’interrogation du titre ouvre la discussion sur les mécanismes subtils de l’anthropomorphisme à l’œuvre derrière les rites sacrificiels. L’analyse de ces rites informe sur la représentation du divin qu’ils véhiculent et sur la portée symbolique de l’offrande alimentaire. Les contributions de ce volume permettent de reconstituer, par touches successives, une véritable « théologie », à savoir un discours sur le divin induit par la variété des gestes posés, des aliments choisis et de la mise en scène parfois très élaborée qui les encadre.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Alphornblasen und Jodeln sind aus tradi­tionellen Kultur­veranstaltungen in der Schweiz nicht wegzudenken. Fragen nach musikalischen Zusammenhängen drängen sich auf. Ist das Alphornspiel als geblasener Jodel zu verstehen? Hat die Naturtonreihe des Alphorns das Jodeln beeinflusst? ­Wurzeln beide in den jahrhundertealten Kuh­reihen, den Hirtenliedern, mit denen die Kühe zum Melken angelockt wurden? Das Autorenteam diskutiert mögliche Verbindungen ­zwischen Jodel und Alphornmusik und erörtert Evidenzen, die auf einen gemeinsamen Ursprung der beiden Musikpraktiken hinweisen. Das Untersuchungsgebiet geht von der Schweiz aus und erstreckt sich über den Süden Deutschlands und über Öster­reich. Musikästhetische Verbindungen werden diskutiert, historische und aktuelle Argumente abgewogen. Bei den österreichischen Wurzhorner-Jodlern weist schon der Name auf eine Verbindung zum Instrument hin, und im Muotataler «Bücheljuuz» imitiert der Jodler den Klang des Instruments so gekonnt, dass der Unterschied zwischen Stimme und Instrument kaum wahrgenommen wird. Eine musi­kalische Beziehung zum Alphorn liegt aber nicht bei allen Jodelarten vor, und Alphornmusik steht nicht immer in Bezug zum Jodel. Die Studie belegt, dass seit rund 200 Jahren eine greifbare, wenn auch unstete musikalische Wechsel­beziehung zwischen Alphorn und Jodel besteht.

This open access book explores unusual perceptual, or perception-like, experiences. These are often meaningful to those who have them and may be sympathetically or unsympathetically interpreted by others. One interpretation, especially when voices are associated with unusual behaviour, is that they are evidence of mental disorder. Ostensibly such interpretations are sympathetic (showing concern for someone who is ill) but in practice they are used to deny the meaning and value of the experiences for those concerned, thus depriving them (and others) of creative and innovative ways of understanding the human condition. The question is thus one of the meaning. Are such experiences meaningful only as indicators of a diagnosis, or are they meaningful in other ways, shedding light on human self-understanding and perhaps even a wider spiritual reality? Psychiatry has tended to see such phenomena as diagnostically meaningful but not as sources of deeper insight into the human condition. This book takes three 14th century examples of women who heard spiritually significant voices: Margery Kempe, Julian of Norwich, and Joan of Arc. Each of these women, in different ways, has left an enduring legacy in literature and history. Modern psychiatric commentary on the voices that they reported has generally focussed on diagnosis rather than on wider questions of meaning. These commentaries will be used as a lens through which to consider how contemporary psychiatric practice might be enriched by the humanities and enabled to find a more spiritually empathetic, if not also sympathetic, enriching and meaning enhancing perspective on unusual mental phenomena. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The Wellcome Trust.

Cet ouvrage, qui aborde les principaux enjeux criminologiques contemporains, a pour ambition de dépasser les recherches conventionnelles qui tendent à reproduire les modèles d’insécurité et d’exclusion. Déclinée en deux versions, anglaise et française, cette publication fait l’inventaire des recherches interdisciplinaires et criminologiques critiques actuelles qui proposent des solutions novatrices visant, d’une part, à refléter une conceptualisation robuste des enjeux et, d’autre part, à répondre efficacement aux défis posés par les activités criminalisées et les préjudices sociaux qui en résultent. La diversité des méthodologies exposées dans cet ouvrage est représentative de la plupart des recherches criminologiques critiques entreprises de nos jours, et ce, en dépit du développement des approches criminologiques de type administratif ou managérial et de l’essor des politiques et des pratiques étatiques explicitement punitives et fondées sur l’exclusion face à des comportements jugés criminels ou susceptibles de porter atteinte à la sécurité. Cet ouvrage propose des théories et des méthodes de pointe pour répondre à ces enjeux tout en proposant des réponses politiques appropriées, qui promeuvent à la fois l’inclusion sociale et la sécurité. Cet ouvrage est le produit d’une fructueuse collaboration entre des chercheurs en criminologie de l’Université d’Ottawa et des chercheurs exerçant dans d’autres disciplines ou dans d’autres universités, et ce, afin de souligner le rayonnement international du département de criminologie de l’Université d’Ottawa et le vaste réseau de spécialistes et d’experts au sein duquel il intervient. Ce livre est publié en français. - This book examines key contemporary criminological issues with the aim of moving beyond scholarship that reproduces insecurity and exclusion. The edited collection features two tomes, one in English and one in French, reflecting interdisciplinary and critical criminological scholarship that advances alternative ways of conceptualizing and responding to criminalized activities and social harms. The breadth of the approaches characterizes much of critical criminological scholarship today, despite the growth of managerial and administrative criminologies and the rise of explicitly exclusionary and punitive state policies and practices with respect to ‘crime’ and ‘security.’ The book advances cutting-edge theories and methods to make sense of these issues, and proposes policy responses that promote social inclusion and security. Chapters are the result of collaborations by University of Ottawa researchers, along with their current or former co-researchers working in other disciplines or in other universities to highlight the array of networks and global reach of the department, and of past or present students. This book is published in French.

Cultural understandings of well-being often differ from scientific measures such as health, happiness, and affluence. For the Indigenous A’uwẽ (Xavante) people in the tropical savannas of Brazil, special forms of intimate and antagonistic social relations, camaraderie, suffering, and engagement with the environment are fundamental aspects of community wellness. Anthropologist James R. Welch transparently presents ethnographic insights from his long-term fieldwork in two A’uwẽ communities. He addresses how distinctive constructions of age organization contribute to social well-being in an era of major ecological, economic, and sociocultural change. Welch shows how A’uwẽ perspectives on the human life cycle help define ethnic identity, promote cultural resilience, and encourage the betterment of youth. They provide frameworks that people may creatively mobilize to responsibly and respectfully engage with others at different stages of life. They also motivate people to access and manage landscape resources essential to the social construction of good living. Through careful analysis, Welch shows how contemporary traditional peoples can foster enthusiasm for service to family and community amid dominant cultures that prioritize individual well-being. This book is an essential resource for students and scholars interested in sociocultural anthropology, Indigenous cultures, health and culture, and human ecology.

This book provides an overview of the current epidemiology of the HIV epidemic among young people in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) and examines the efforts to confront and reduce the high level of new HIV infections amongst young people. Taking a multi-dimensional approach to prevention, the contributors discuss the many challenges facing these efforts, in view of the slow progress in curbing the incidence of HIV amongst young people, focusing particularly on the structural and social drivers of HIV. Through an examination of these issues, chapters in this book provide valuable insights on how to mitigate HIV risk among young people and what can be regarded as the catalysts to mounting credible policy and programmatic responses required to achieve epidemic control in the region. The contributors draw on examples from a range of primary and secondary data sources to illustrate promising practices and challenges in HIV prevention, demonstrating links between conceptual approaches to prevention and lessons learnt from implementation projects in the region. Bringing together social scientists and public health experts who are actively engaged in finding effective solutions, the book discusses ‘which interventions works’, ‘why they work’, and the limitations and gaps in our knowledge to curb the pandemic amongst young people. As such it is an important read for researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS and public health. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/10.4324/9780429462818 has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Beyond academia, the book will become an essential reference for regulators, policy-makers, officers in private rule-making bodies, practitioners and advanced students. It covers key areas in global production and finance and delves into procedural, substantive and practical elements of private rule-making processes.

The strategy of flexicurity was adopted as a model by the European Union and proposed to all the Member States as a solution for addressing the challenges connected with the competitiveness and instability of the markets, with a view to enhancing employment levels and maintaining social cohesion. The various contributions in this book analyse the concept of flexicurity and its effective feasibility in different institutional contexts, in particular Italy and Spain and – at regional level – in Tuscany and Catalonia. The consequence of the variety of employment and social security models is that the meanings and manifestations of flexicurity are highly divergent, even in cases as analogous as Spain and Italy, since the different contexts generate significant differences. The overall analysis demonstrates that the forms of regulation and organisation of the social institutions, and their complementary nature, have a major impact on the relations between forms of flexibility and security, and do not always give rise to the virtuous process of flexicurity.

This Special Issue, entitled “Analysis and Experiment for Electric Power Quality”, presents a comprehensive collection of research articles focused on electric power quality in low- and medium-voltage applications, particularly harmonics; blackouts; under- and over-voltage; sags and swells; unbalance; and flickers. There are a variety of engineering solutions available to eliminate or reduce the effects of electric power quality problems, and this is a very active area of innovation and development.

Ethnopornography collects essays that both develop and critique the concept that gives the book its name. Ethnopornography, a term first coined by British anthropologist Walter Roth in the late nineteenth century, refers to the often eroticized observation—for supposedly scientific or academic purposes—of those deemed “other” by the observer. In Roth’s case, he was concerned that the descriptions and images he recorded of the bodily and sexual practices of the Aboriginal people he studied were inappropriate for lay readers who might find them vulgar—or worse, titillating. The editors of this collection focus on what it is that creates the slippage between the pornographic and the scientific. In particular, they attend to the importance of race within the colonially created and maintained worlds of both research—ethnography in particular—and pornography.

We are more aware of the need to achieve sustainable development than ever before. One of the main factors to achieve the goal of sustainable development is sustainability assessment and reporting because it is not possible to take precautions without understanding the current situation. And also, undoubtedly, future generations have a right to know what kind of world we will leave them. This book brings together different perspectives on sustainability assessment and reporting. When you look at the chapters, you will understand that sustainability assessment and reporting are addressing interdisciplinary and vast areas. It should be because sustainability assessment and reporting cover all aspects of social, economic and environmental factors. In this five-chapter book, you will see how sustainability assessment and reporting are addressed in different areas.

Most twentieth-century attempts to develop a linguistic approach to literature rest on the assumption that litera-ture exists by opposition to all other uses of language—an assumption traditionally expressed as an opposition between "poetic" and "ordinary" language. Departing radically from this view, and drawing upon the findings of both sociolinguists and speech act theoreticians, Pratt argues against the notion that literature is formally and functionally distinct from our other verbal activities and points the way toward a unified theory of discourse. She shows how the poetic language argument, expounded by the Russian Formalists and developed by structuralists, fails, first on its own grounds, and second in the face of data from non-literary discourse, especially that presented by Labov in his studies of non-literary narrative; and suggests how recent developments in speech act theory and sociolinguistics correct previous theoretical deficiencies. The hypothesis emerges that a descriptive apparatus which can adequately account for non-literary uses of language will give a satisfactory account of literary discourse as well. An immensely important contribution to literary theory and linguistics.

Latin American public institutions of higher education, particularly those in Costa Rica, face important challenges: the enormous task of looking at themselves with a greater critical sense to propose and enable organizational and functional changes that ensure a greater social impact in their substantive work, the imperious need to have secure mechanisms that make possible its financial sustainability in the long term, within the framework of instituting more transparent, systematic and participatory processes of accountability and, finally, the political-social consideration universities, as a social-public asset and a human right, whose primary responsibility falls on the State.

Les disparités entre les 53 pays du continent africain sont telles qu’il paraît bien difficile, à première vue, de comprendre les grandes questions politiques sans tomber dans les généralisations abusives et les idées reçues. Le professeur Mamoudou Gazibo réussit pourtant à présenter les grands enjeux de l’Afrique depuis les années d’indépendance, en privilégiant une approche transversale qui tient compte tout à la fois de la diversité et des questions communes. Dans un souci pédagogique exem...