Open Access Books

Depuis l’introduction de l’assurance obligatoire des soins en 1996, les controverses sur l’organisation et le financement de l’assurance-maladie, les coûts croissants du système de santé ou encore les relations tendues entre assureurs et professions médicales, constituent autant de points d’achoppement majeurs de la politique suisse. Malgré cette actualité brûlante, l’histoire du système de santé demeure largement méconnue. En s’appuyant sur des archives jusqu’alors inexploitées, ce livre éclaire pour la première fois l’histoire de longue durée des caisses-maladie, qui forment le socle institutionnel du système de financement des soins. Il révèle la façon dont les myriades de sociétés de secours mutuels du XIXe siècle, à fort ancrage local et s’adressant en premier lieu aux hommes de la classe ouvrière, se sont transformées au cours du XXe siècle en caisses-maladie opérant sur l’ensemble du territoire national. La diffusion de l’assurance-maladie auprès de couches toujours plus larges de la population a modifié la gouvernance et le fonctionnement des sociétés mutuelles, qui ont progressivement adopté les technologies commerciales issues du monde de l’assurance-vie. Cet effacement des anciens idéaux mutualistes et leur remplacement par des mécanismes de marché se sont accompagné d’une concentration sectorielle croissante et ont conduit à l’émergence, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de l’assurance-maladie en tant que produit de consommation de masse.

undefined

This Special Issue (SI) aims to investigate the relationships between hydrological and ecological processes and how these interactions can contribute to the optimization of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. This SI collected 10 original contributions on sustainable land management and the optimization of water resources in fragile environments that are at elevated risk due to climate change. The topics mainly concern transpiration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, deep percolation, and related issues. The collection of manuscripts presented in this SI represents a contribution of knowledge in ecohydrology.

Le XIXe siècle des nationalités s’est pensé comme le siècle de la fraternité, entre les peuples et les hommes. Et la nation moderne s’est souvent présentée comme fondée sur une extension de la famille, unie par le sang, les valeurs, la culture. Cette vision a entraîné des formes de mobilisation politique originales comme le volontariat, les sociétés de secours mutuel, les fraternités. Plus spécifiquement (mais non exclusivement) consacré à l’Italie du Risorgimento, ce volume prend acte de deux points qui apparaissent clairement : l’utilisation massive du mot frère (fratelli), fraternité (fratellanza) durant les guerres d’indépendance, et aussi de la mobilisation massive de frères de sang, d’une même famille, qui ont pu combattre ensemble : les frères Bandiera, Fabrizi, Cairoli… en sont quelques exemples. Or, si la fraternité est un concept, c’est aussi un état et un sentiment. Un état, car être frère relève d’un statut familial, encadré par des normes, des lois qui n’instaurent pas l’amour fraternel, qui lui, est un sentiment. À l’intersection de ces acceptions de la fraternité, le volume aborde donc la dimension biographique et met en évidence que la fraternité « de sang » est en fait, souvent, le cadre d’un affrontement politique régulé par les intérêts familiaux. Entre les concepts et la pratique, les idées et les acteurs, la polysémie de la fraternité s’avère être un formidable outil de mobilisation négociée.

With the emergence of concepts such as risky behavior and food sustainability, eating habits and how they're changing have become crucial issues for health and the environment. Since the beginning of the XXI(sup)st(/sup) century, food education programs and consumer information initiatives have multiplied in France. However, assessing their real effects remains difficult, as changes in eating habits result from multiple factors that are hard to measure. It is precisely to better address this complexity that the Interdisciplinary Research Collective on Changes in Eating Behaviors (Circca) is proposing new areas of research, combining contributions from the experimental sciences, digital sciences, and the humanities and social sciences: neuroscience, cognitive psychology, sociology, nutritional epidemiology, experimental economics, behavioral modeling, and more. This book engages in methodological reflection aimed at understanding changes in eating behaviors in a multidimensional way, through the presentation of various research projects, some of which are interdisciplinary. It is intended for students and researchers interested in issues related to eating behaviors, regardless of their discipline.

Since ocular infections are one of the most frequent occurrences in ophthalmology, the treatment for these infections must be fast, precise and effective. In order to address this goal, it is important to identify and characterize the culprit microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of ocular infections. Clinical diagnosis of ocular infections can be confirmed by several techniques based on microbiological test of ocular samples. Some of these techniques include classic microbiological testing in which it is necessary to isolate microorganisms to characterize them by biochemical analysis which require significant resources and timing.

Comment l’institution scolaire s’insère-t-elle dans un contexte plus englobant et en quoi les processus de formalisation, de standardisation introduits par l’institution scolaire modifient-ils les formes mêmes de la transmission et les valeurs ? Cette question est abordée sous l’angle anthropologique et ethnologique par huit études portant sur quatre pays du sud-est asiatique : Inde, Chine, Indonésie, Thaïlande, pays différents par l’histoire, les traditions, la forme des institutions, le poids de l’État. La grande diversité ethnico-culturelle de ces pays donne naissance à un dialogue entre les savoirs traditionnels et la scolarisation organisée par l’État. Dans le contexte asiatique, le corps est l’objet principal des préoccupations éducatives. En Chine, cela a pu prendre l’apparence d’un contrôle étatique des corps à travers la discipline corporelle, la gymnastique collective, mais aussi l’art de la calligraphie.

Description not available.

Responding to the critical demands for radiation-hardened space electronics, this Reprint synthesizes cutting-edge advances in radiation effects research across advanced semiconductor technologies. It addresses dual industry challenges posed by escalating radiation susceptibility from device scaling and the urgent need for new evaluation paradigms in radiation hardness assurance for complex electronic systems. The Reprint features pioneering research on CNN accelerators for aerospace computing, gallium nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), high-barrier beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs), silicon MOSFETs, and indium phosphide Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (InP HBTs), collectively advancing radiation hardening methodologies and reliability assessment. By presenting novel hardening strategies with breakthrough radiation mitigation solutions, it delivers essential insights for navigating evolving challenges while positioning itself as a vital resource for advancing radiation tolerance electronics innovation.

This ePaper is a historically informed analysis of the experiences of asylum seekers in Japan. It engages in ethnographic research through the first-hand accounts of 37 asylum seekers, adapted from interviews conducted by Sophia University’s Refugee Voices Japan project. The perceptions, policies, and practices related to asylum seekers are products of the systemic invisibilisation of mobility and migrants’ roles throughout Japanese history, despite their highly politicised presence in mainstream discourses. The ePaper addresses the continued absence of knowledge about asylum seekers by centralising their voices and stories, which opens a window into the complex realities of their experiences of displacement and seeking asylum in Japan. Their narratives demonstrate that the immigration regime severely restricts all aspects of their lives. Yet, asylum seekers are not passive victims ‘stuck in limbo’ but are active members of society employing various strategies in search of solutions for a less precarious life. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.

This compilation approaches educational and educational communities on an exploratory and developing occasion. In times of individuality, efficiency and competitiveness, countermeasures are needed to build community-building practices. Collaboration requires a common language, common understanding, trust and increasingly multilingualism whose importance has been emphasized with new media and virtual communities. When educating and teaching communities understand the importance of the community, through everyday interaction, there are opportunities to establish strong links between the teacher and the learners. If a common curriculum activity is to be developed as a meaningful negotiation of the entire education and teaching community, it also requires interaction and co-operation between different actors.

The aim of this reprint is to report on new scenarios, technologies, and applications related to the concept of the Internet of Everything and discuss challenges and risks. We introduced a wide range of topics related to emerging technologies. This reprint includes research on vendor-managed inventory mechanisms based on the SCADA of the Internet of Things, in-memory computing architecture for a convolutional neural network, face prediction system for missing children in a smart city safety network, anomaly electricity usage behavior in residence using an autoencoder, cloud-edge-smart IoT architecture for speeding up the deployment of neural network models, generative adversarial network and diverse feature extraction methods to enhance the classification accuracy of the tool-wear status, classifying conditions of speckles and wrinkles on the human face using a deep learning approach, repetition with learning approaches in massive machine-type communications, GDPR personal privacy security mechanism for smart home systems, and the development of an autonomous vehicle training and verification system. These articles demonstrate the rapid advances being made in the field of electronics and highlight the potential for these technologies to impact our daily lives.

In the framework of COMMON MED-project, a sampling campaign was carried out during December 2020 along two radials namely: T1 and T2. The findings showed that microplastic particles (MPs), ranging from 0.31 to 4.9 mm. For all samples, white color and fragments are the most common. As well, HDPE and PE are the predominant polymers. The concentrations of MPs varied between 62,095,032 and 260,979,12 items/km² with a density of 4 times greater in the T2 radial, which shows the influence of urban and marina origin on plastic contamination among seaside tourist one.

This Open Access book investigates the methodological and ethical dilemmas involved when working with digital technologies and large-scale datasets in relation to ethnographic studies of digital migration practices and trajectories. Digital technologies reshape not only every phase of the migration process itself (by providing new ways to access, to share and preserve relevant information) but also the activities of other actors, from solidarity networks to border control agencies. In doing so, digital technologies create a whole new set of ethical and methodological challenges for migration studies: from data access to data interpretation, privacy protection, and research ethics more generally. Of specific concern are the aspects of digital migration researchers accessing digital platforms used by migrants, who are subject to precarious and insecure life circumstances, lack recognised papers and are in danger of being rejected and deported. Thus, the authors call for new modes of caring for (big) data when researching migrants’ digital practices in the configuration of migration and borders. Besides taking proper care of research participants’ privacy, autonomy, and security, this also spans carefully establishing analytically sustainable environments for the respective data sets. In doing so, the book argues that it is essential to carefully reflect on researchers’ own positioning as being part of the challenge they seek to address.

Modern biomedical technologies managed to revolutionise the End-of-Life Care (EoLC) in many aspects. The dying process can now be “engineered” by managing the accompanying physical symptoms or by “prolonging/hastening” death itself. Such interventions questioned and problematised long-established understandings of key moral concepts, such as good life, quality of life, pain, suffering, good death, appropriate death, dying well, etc. This volume examines how multifaceted EoLC moral questions can be addressed from interdisciplinary perspectives within the Islamic tradition. Contributors Amir Abbas Alizamani, Beate Anam, Hamed Arezaei, Asma Asadi, Pieter Coppens, Hans Daiber, Khalid Elzamzamy, Mohammed Ghaly, Hadil Lababidi, Shahaboddin Mahdavi, Aasim Padela, Rafaqat Rashid and Ayman Shabana.