Open Access Books

With a preface written by Professor Jean-Pierre Bourguignon and an introduction by Professor Maria de Lurdes Rosa and researcher Rita Sampaio da Nóvoa, this book brings together the forty-eight texts that, over four years, were published under the monthly communication initiative ‘Entail of the month/Vínculo do mês’. Therefore, it encompasses the contributions of multiple authors in the research and depiction of entails with diverse origins and trajectories.

Health development science; Developmental origins of chronic illnesses; Community; Diabetes; Autism; Obesity; Nutrition; Health disparities across the lifespan; Fetal programming

From early answer sheets filled in with number 2 pencils, to tests administered by mainframe computers, to assessments wholly constructed by computers, it is clear that technology is changing the field of educational and psychological measurement. The numerous and rapid advances have immediate impact on test creators, assessment professionals, and those who implement and analyze assessments. This comprehensive new volume brings together leading experts on the issues posed by technological applications in testing, with chapters on game-based assessment, testing with simulations, video assessment, computerized test development, large-scale test delivery, model choice, validity, and error issues. Including an overview of existing literature and ground-breaking research, each chapter considers the technological, practical, and ethical considerations of this rapidly-changing area. Ideal for researchers and professionals in testing and assessment, Technology and Testing provides a critical and in-depth look at one of the most pressing topics in educational testing today. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

In Zeiten des Fachkräftemangels sind Bibliotheken auf ausreichendes und qualifiziertes Personal angewiesen. Effektive Personalgewinnung ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, um den Herausforderungen des Fachkräftemangels zu begegnen und eine hochwertige Bibliotheksarbeit zu gewährleisten. Eine gute Personalgewinnung ermöglicht es Bibliotheken, auch bei einem sich stetig verändernden Berufsbild, einem herausfordernden demografischen Wandel, eingeschränkten Ressourcen und verwaltungsinternen Vorgaben sowie in Zeiten der digitalen Transformation talentierte Fachkräfte anzuziehen, zu rekrutieren und langfristig zu binden. Ziel des Praxishandbuches ist es, einen Überblick über das Themenfeld Personalgewinnung zu geben, den Lesenden mit den Ansätzen des Employer Brandings vertraut zu machen und praxisnahe Beispiele aus verschiedensten Bereichen des Personalgewinnungsprozesses aufzuzeigen, die für Bibliotheken, gleich welcher Größenordnung, übertragbar und anwendbar sind. Darüber hinaus werden Einblicke in Good Practice Beispiele vorgestellt, die bereits innovative Wege im Bereich Marketing und Personalgewinnung gegangen sind. Das Praxishandbuch richtet sich in erster Linie an Leitungen öffentlicher und wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken und weiterer Informationseinrichtungen, sowie Bibliotheksmitarbeitende, die mit der Personalgewinnung und -entwicklung (inkl. Ausbildung) betraut sind, sowie an das Bibliothekspersonal, welches im Bereich Marketing und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit beschäftigt ist.

In Schulbüchern spiegelt sich das Selbstverständnis von Gesellschaften wider: Durch sie ist der Werte-, Themen- und Literaturkanon rekonstruierbar, der zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt in einer Gesellschaft dominant ist. Ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts werden durch Schrift und Schule auch nationale Identitätskonzepte konsolidiert. Diese Fallstudie zeigt für slowenische Schullesebücher, welchen großen Beitrag Übersetzungen dabei leisteten, zeichnet ihre Entstehungsumstände und die Leistungen der Beteiligten nach und richtet das Augenmerk auf die Verfestigung einer einheitlichen slowenischen Schriftsprache und einer nationalen Gruppenidentität, wie sie durch das Schullesebuch vorangetrieben und in diesem sichtbar wurde.

This Chapter examines the regulatory and voluntary anti-trafficking governance architecture in the private sector, as well as the power dynamics in MNEs’ GVCs as vectors of norm transmission. It argues that, whereas the public authorities in the EU and ASEAN’s Member States have an increasingly robust legal and policy framework to fight child trafficking, public authorities and multinational enterprises (MNEs) are jointly contributing to upholding the exploitative practices towards children, by leaving untouched the economic structures that fuel trafficking. The model is starting to be overhauled in some sectors of the economy, through strategies to gain back control over GVCs, whether through the shortening of supply chains, or other strategies such as the establishment of direct relations with small producers, who are given a fairer deal compared to situations when they are end producers in long GVCs. It will require more efforts to scale up these initiatives and create sufficient momentum to efficiently combat anti-trafficking, otherwise “blue” initiatives of social sustainability risk leading to further sustainability-driven supplier-squeezes, reinforcing the divide between small businesses and large corporations, and increasing the structural vulnerability of children to trafficking.

Before new interventions can be used in disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in “field trials”, which may be complex and expensive undertakings. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in trials that have been conducted in the past have generally not been published. As a consequence, those planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to previously accumulated knowledge. In this book the practical issues of trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail for the text to be used as a “toolbox” by field investigators. The toolbox has now been extensively tested through use of the first two editions and this third edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the many developments that have taken place with respect to trials since 1996 and involving more than 30 contributors. Most of the chapters have been extensively revised and 7 new chapters have been added.

The traditional forms and contents of teaching will no longer meet the challenges of the future. Beyond "educational" knowledge, an expanded and sophisticated understanding of "education" is required. In this objective, an alternative concept of learning organisation is developed: Adolescents develop individual competence profiles in their own learning work and at the same time experience in joint projects that all can and must contribute responsibly to success with their different competences.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Theory of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften«, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University's Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: »We want to establish a ,German' society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society...«. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was »quite willing« to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and »drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society«. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specific set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie« was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society's annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society's internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

L'Association des doctorants de l'Institut de Droit Privé (ADIDP) et l'Association de Doctorants et Docteurs du Centre de Droit des Affaires (ADDCDA) ont cette année décidé de collaborer pour rassembler la jeune recherche autour de la thématique « Ordre & Droit ».Du latin ordo, qui signifie mettre en rang, l’ordre entretient des relations intriquées avec le Droit, puisque celui-ci aurait pour finalité de faire régner l’ordre.Ainsi le Droit tend à mettre en ordre, à maintenir un ensemble organisé autour de valeurs et au moyen de contraintes. Cette mise en ordre n’est toutefois pas sans limites ; dans son effort d’ordonnancement le Droit se confronte à des impératifs de compromis et la cohérence de cet effort de maintien de l’ordre est mise à mal.Le raisonnement a contrario est également possible : comment réagit le Droit face au(x) désordre(s) ? Le désordre ‒ et donc la remise en ordre ‒ de ses sujets, d’une part, à propos duquel le droit pénal peut offrir de précieuses réponses. Le désordre de son propre système, d’autre part, qui conduira à une introspection appliquée à plusieurs champs disciplinaires illustrant comment le Droit est amené à remettre en ordre ses propres moyens d’ordonnancement.

Avec Problèmes de la musique moderne, les PUR poursuivent leur publication des œuvres de Boris de Schloezer (1881-1969), un des philosophes de la musique les plus importants du xxe siècle. Ce livre a été coécrit avec la musicologue Marina Scriabine (1911-1998), fille du compositeur russe Alexandre Scriabine (1872-1915) et nièce de Boris de Schloezer. Il s’agit du dernier livre théorique de Schloezer, et du seul qu’il ait écrit en collaboration. L’idée centrale du livre est que, depuis le Moyen Âge, les musiciens n’ont cessé d’accroître leur emprise sur leur matériau, le son. La fabrication du son par les appareils électroacoustiques est le tournant décisif de cette évolution ; la composition électronique est analysée comme l’accomplissement du désir de « maîtrise du son » déjà présent dans les musiques dodécaphonique puis sérielle. Paru en 1959, ce livre anticipe à bien des égards le sens général des transformations de la musique depuis un demi-siècle. « S’il faisait jusqu’à présent de la musique avec des sons, le musicien fait maintenant des sons avec de la musique » : par cette formule paradoxale, B. de Schloezer et M. Scriabine expriment la véritable révolution artistique et esthétique qu’ont connue, que connaissent encore, nombre des musiques d’aujourd’hui. La présente réédition contient la Postface écrite par Iannis Xenakis pour la réimpression du livre en 1977. Outre une introduction, cette réédition comporte également quatre articles importants de Boris de Schloezer.

This book addresses the issue of the potential economic significance of the artistic heritage in an art city – more specifically Florence – taking as a concrete example for the purpose of scientific research the figure of the “artistic restorer” in the dual garb of economic agent and environmental and cultural resource for the city. The empirical study of the private firms working in this sector located in the Florence area is accompanied and introduced by a broad analysis of the policies for protection and enhancement of the cultural assets, and of the economic, non-economic and institutional agents involved in the same.

Physiological rhythms are central to life. Mammalian behavior and metabolism are organized around the day and night by the regulated action of cell-autonomous clocks that exist throughout our bodies. At the core of this molecular clockwork are multiple coupled feedback loops that generate sustained circadian rhythms in gene expression to ultimately orchestrate mammalian physiology. In this work we provide evidence for the role of metabolism in regulating the core clock. We present genes involved in energetic and redox pathways which we identified to be essential for the robustness of cellular timekeepers to temperature fluctuations. We developed the first computational model for circadian redox oscillations that contributes to the understanding of how cellular redox balance might adjust circadian rates in response to perturbations and convey timing information to the core molecular oscillator. Moreover, we show that our mathematical model can be coupled with prior published models of the transcriptional clockwork resulting in 1:1 entrainment. This experimental-theoretical approach exemplifies the need of a dynamic analysis at the system level to understand complex biological processes and provides insights into how basic timekeeping mechanisms are integrated into cellular physiology. Such knowledge might highlight new ways by which functional consequences of circadian timekeeping can be explored in the context of human health and disease.

Este libro configura un aporte sustancial para entender, desde un prisma distante de las concepciones hegemónicas en la academia, las dinámicas de lucha y las disputas en torno a lo público que signan la realidad contemporánea de América Latina y el Caribe. Un continente éste que, desde la perspectiva de los pueblos y clases subalternas que lo han forjado y habitan, ha sido renombrado como Abya Yala, Patria Grande o Nuestra América, todos ellos significantes que cargan una historia en común y una identidad cultivada al calor de las resistencias contra el despojo, la violencia y la explotación de un capitalismo neocolonial asentado en un entronque de patriarcados, y cuya unidad en la diversidad fue moldeada borgeanamente más a partir del espanto que del amor. Los capítulos que integran esta compilación auscultan el subsuelo de nuestras sociedades, hurgando en sus recovecos y márgenes para identificar, tornar comprensibles y potenciar aquellos procesos de creación, fortalecimiento y/o recuperación de lo público que, difícilmente, salgan en las tapas de diarios o los programas de televisión, salvo que acontezcan en ellos actos “delictivos" o represiones monumentales. Del Epílogo de Hernán Ouviña

Among the many molecules present in our environment, some have the property to induce allergic sensitization and IgE-mediated reactions. The analysis of known major animal allergens has shown that most belong to single protein families: lipocalins and serum albumins for inhalant allergens, EF-hand proteins, tropomyosins and caseins for the digestive allergens. The finding that allergens are often clustered in large families may be related to the fact that common structural, biochemical or functional features contribute to their allergenicity, in addition to external adjuvant factors. Currently, there is no curative treatment for animal allergy available. In order to lower allergic reactions to respiratory allergens in daily life and to food allergens upon accidental exposure, it is important to desensitize concerned patients. Tolerance induction by allergen-specific immunotherapy is in the current focus of an ambitious research. This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive view of the basic and recent insights on the allergenicity of animal allergens in view of their structural and functional aspects as well as allergen-specific immunotherapy.