Science & Mathematics

The subject of this paper is to present the application of MultiGrid (MG) methods in 3D composite material simulations through the solution of the elastic equations. An efficient MG solver is further developed for modeling composite structures with strong discontinuities. Different types of boundary conditions are imposed in the solver. The model is validated by comparing the MG numerical results with the theoretical results existing in the literature and Finite Element (FE) results and a good agreement is found. The potential of MG methods with respect to the homogenization process is illustrated. Then an ideal laminated structure is analyzed and a real topology is simulated for the first time by a MG model. The effect of fiber orientation, interface layer thickness, fiber layer thickness and the ratio of material properties on the surface displacement are investigated. MG results show the detailed local behavior and provide new insights into possible initiation of delamination.

Integrated approach led to the discovery of numerous new sites, Clarification of site preservation status, Spatial analysis via GIS revealed shifting settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, and the region’s long-term function as a major communication corridor.

L'évolution des contextes techniques et économiques de l'agriculture et de la forêt amène des propositions pour de nouveaux usages de l'espace rural. Depuis 1988, des réseaux expérimentaux de plantations à grands espacements avec des feuillus précieux sur des prairies pâturées sont installés par le Cemagref et l'Inra. La faisabilité technique de ces schémas peut ainsi être évaluée. Les résultats actuels donnent les premiers éléments sur les conditions techniques et le potentiel de cette forme de cultures associées agroforestière.

The ESR study of the copper (II) complex with L-Hydroxyproline amino acid has been carried out in three different forms, namely polycrystalline, glass and solution states. The optical absorption and magnetic susceptibility measurements have also been performed. Various magnetic and non-magnetic parameters have been evaluated. Further, these parameters have been used to determine the bonding parameters based on the theoretical deduction of Roberts and Koski. Hyperfine linewidth of each line has been measured and the data thus obtained have been interpreted on the basis of Kivelson's theory of linewidth in solution. The magnetic susceptibility of the complex has also been theoretically calculated. The data obtained from all the three measurements described above have been found to justify one and the other.

Chepang is a Trans-Himalayan (a.k.a. Tibeto-Burman or Sino-Tibetan) language mainly spoken in 4 districts of Nepal: Makawanpur, Chitwan, Dhading and Gorkha. Around 48,000 speakers declared speaking the language in 2011 (Nepal CBS). Chepang is an oral language, which means that the community has not yet developed a written tradition. This dissertation offers in-depth and comprehensive descriptions of many aspects of the language structures and valuable insights on their variation and historical developments. It includes an analysis of phonetics and phonology, drawing a new understanding of the positions and realizations of the laryngeal features at the source of the development of tonal distinctions. Chepang’s nominal morphology shows typologically well attested word formation processes combining nouns, nouns and verbs, compounds and nouns, and nouns and derivational morphology. A detailed description of kinship terms is provided, specifying how people use them. The description of verbal morphology provides a clear understanding of the type of morphology and constructions associated with verbs, covering all typical contextual settings where such constructions can occur. The complex non-canonical direct-inverse system of Chepang shows further pragmatic or epistemic motivations behind the use of a construction over another. When possible, historical explanations for the origin of certain forms or constructions are provided, allowing a better understanding of the verbal system in its entirety. Throughout the dissertation, the examples provided in Chepang were carefully chosen to illustrate the daily life, culture, spiritual beliefs, history, and other knowledge that pertain to the Chepang people. Such description contributes to a better understanding of Trans-Himalayan typology and more broadly linguistics typology. It provides a solid foundation for further historical linguistics research on the reconstruction of Proto-Chepang (ancestor language) and on the nature of its relationship to other Trans-Himalayan languages at lower and higher-level clades of the family. It offers two comprehensive orthographies based on Devanāgarī and Roman alphabet to the Chepang community. Part of the recordings is being made accessible to the public in an online accessible format. This project aimed at participating in raising interest and awareness to promote the preservation of the language and the culture it conveys.

In this work, for the first time, the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-(20)-sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80, C 64 H 124 O 26) aided soil washing effluent was treated by enhanced activation of persulfate (PS) using Fe(III)-EDDS (EDDS: ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinic acid) complexes under simulated solar light irradiation. The performance of this system was followed via the production and reactivity of radical species (SO 4 •-, HO • , Cl 2 •-) and degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) used as a model pollutant in soils. Different physico-chemical parameters such as the concentration of reactive species and pH were investigated through the PHE degradation efficiency. The second-order rate constants of the reactions for generated radicals with PHE and Tween 80 in solution were identified through competitive reaction experiments under steady-state conditions and application of nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) as well. A kinetic approach was applied to assess the selectivity

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne infection that can lead to liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are a relatively new therapeutic approach, the most efficient and safest hepatitis C treatment. However, DAAs can have divergent effects on heart health. The side effects of DAAs on the heart are called cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we built a mathematical model based on hepatitis C patients, showed the positivity and boundedness of the system solution, and determined the equilibrium point and its stability by exploiting the Routh Hurwitz criteria, which established an asymptotically stable equilibrium point. Finally, we performed numerical simulations to evaluate these results.

Les auteurs définissent un nouveau composant : le thyristor dual qui peut être réalisé à partir de transistors de puissance. Après avoir indiqué les règles d'utilisation de ce composant, ils proposent une structure de convertisseur continu/continu, à étage intermédiaire haute fréquence, susceptible d'exploiter au mieux les propriétés du thyristor-dual. Une étude analytique de ce convertisseur permet d'en évaluer les caractéristiques et les limitations. Une représentation graphique permet de visualiser le mécanisme de la commutation. Une simulation et l'expérimentation d'un convertisseur de 2,5 kW alimenté en haute tension, permettent non seulement de confirmer les résultats de l'étude analytique, mais font apparaître les propriétés exceptionnelles de ce nouveau convertisseur à très haut rendement et puissance massique importante.

The distributed SMASH platform is based on a gridded mesh and on a modular design. On each cell, the model features different hydrological components. Each component offers different modeling options such as snow modules, surface interception, production, transfer and percolation functions. At the grid scale, different routing models are implemented via a cell-to-cell numerical routing scheme. S MASH comes with its numerical adjoint model which is obtained by automatic differentiation with Tapenade. A variational data assimilation algorithm is implemented and helps to calibrate the distributed parameters or evaluate the model states. This algorithm uses the quasi-Newton lbfgs-b descent algorithm and the gradient of the cost function relative to the model parameters and states. This gradient is computed by a run of the adjoint model. T he numerical SMASH platform is a Fortran code. To gain in modularity and facilitate the use of SMASH in the research and engineering communities, a Python interface has been created with the new F90Wrap software. The original Fortran code has been revamped. The new structure enables to 1) control any inputs and outputs with Python, 2) keep an automatically differentiable and computationally efficient numerical Fortran model, 3) call a binary from the shell to preserve a backward compatibility with old practices. T he key to achieve this Python interface is to use Fortran modules and derived types to store all inputs and outputs variables. These Fortran structures are stored in different modules. F 90Wrap automatically generates the fortran functions and wrappers to give access to every component of each derived type. A Python class is generated to facilitate the use of these wrappers inside a Python code. T he Python object "model" aggregates all inputs/outputs variables required by SMASH. The "model" object comes with built-in methods to allow end users to perform simulations, calibrations, plotting and hdf5 export. The Python binding facilitates all post-processing since it does not requires I/O into text files anymore.