Science & Mathematics

In DiffServ-enabled mobile network systems, TCP sender may time out if packet loss occurs at handover event. Thus, TCP window size may be reduced temporarily due to packet loss. Under overloaded traffic situation in local IP-managed network, furthermore, the sending rate of TCP packets that a mobile host generates right after handover may not be enough to keep its contract service rate on SLA (service level agreement). Therefore, giving temporal priority to the packets in a handover flow can compensate for the reduction of packet sending rate after handover. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware drop precedence scheme in order to alleviate the performance loss from temporal disconnection or the reduction of sending rate.

In this paper, we analyse the curvature instability of a curved Batchelor vortex. We consider this short-wavelength instability when the radius of curvature of the vortex centerline is large compared to the vortex core size. In this limit, the curvature instability can be interpreted as a resonant phenomenon. It results from the resonant coupling of two Kelvin modes of the underlying Batchelor vortex with the dipolar correction induced by curvature. The condition of resonance of the two modes is analysed in detail as a function of the axial jet strength of the Batchelor vortex. Contrarily to the Rankine vortex, only a few configurations involving m = 0 and m = 1 modes are found to become the most unstable. The growth rate of the resonant configurations is systematically computed and used to determine the characteristics of the most unstable mode as a function of the curvature ratio, the Reynolds number, and the axial flow parameter. The competition of the curvature instability with another short-wavelength instability, which was considered in a companion paper [Blanco-Rodríguez & Le Dizès, Elliptic instability of a curved Batchelor vortex, J. Fluid Mech. 804, 224-247 (2016)], is analysed for a vortex ring. A numerical error found in this paper which affects the relative strength of the elliptic instability is also corrected. We show that the curvature instability becomes the dominant instability in large rings as soon as axial flow is present (vortex ring with swirl).

Grâce à une tradition d’informatique juridique publique de plus de cinquante ans, Italie dispose d’une base de données doctrinale et législative gratuite le Do.Gi. qui se distingue du produit commercial français Le Doctrinal. Do.GI est à la fois un moteur de recherche et une base de données offrant des services gratuits, tels que l’accès à la notice des références bibliographiques vérifiés et validés par des professionnels de la documentation, un résumé du texte en italien et en anglais et un style Do.Gi qui peut être intégré dans les logiciels d’aide à la bibliographie tels que Zotero notamment.

Hybrid networks take data forwarding decisions at multiple network levels. In order to make an efficient use of hybrid networks, traffic engineering solutions (e.g., routing and data grooming techniques) are commonly employed. Within the specific context of a self-managed hybrid optical and packet switching network, one important aspect to be considered is how to efficiently and autonomically move IP flows from the IP level over lightpaths at the optical level. The more IP traffic is moved (offloaded), leaving the least amount of traffic on the IP level, the better. Based on that, we investigate in this paper different strategies to move IP flows onto lightpaths while observing the percentage of offloaded IP traffic per strategy.

The production of Ar(3P2) metastable atoms has been determined in high pressure (20-300 Torr) and low power (5-30 W) argon 2.45 GHz microwave discharges. The following plasma parameters have been measured : the gas temperature, deduced from the rotational spectra of CN radical in impurity in argon, was found between 380 K (20 Torr, 5 W) and 840 K (300 Torr, 30 W) ; the Ar (3P2) concentration (n M), measured by the resonant optical absorption method, ranged from 1 to 5 × 1011 cm-3 ; the electron density (n e), measured by the phase variation of the outside electric field, was from 3 to 20 × 1012 cm-3. With a n M/ ne density ratio of 0.065, the 2.45 GHz microwave plasma appears to be a more ionized than excited gas medium.

High quality multilayered optics operating in the extreme ultraviolet are now being fabricated by a number of laboratories and their use in astronomical observations from space has already begun. Many other applications are planned and future instruments involving multilayers hold great promise for the field of astrophysics. This paper presents an overview of the current status of multilayer-based astronomical instrumentation, observations that have already occured and some plans for the future.

Le risque professionnel en France est géré par plusieurs régimes, le régime général et les régimes dits spéciaux (plus particulièrement le régime des militaires, des fonctionnaires de l'Etat, des agents EDF GDF, des non titulaires de l'Etat et des ouvriers d'Etat). Si cette singularité fut justifiée historiquement, elle ne l'est plus aujourd'hui. Le travail a en effet évolué depuis. Les conditions de travail d'un électricien du 19ème siècle, profession exercée par des salariés du secteur privé et public ne sont pas celles de celui du 21ème siècle. Le maintien en l'état de ces différents régimes n'est pas équitable. Selon son statut professionnel, le travailleur sera indemnisé de manière différente. Cette situation ne respecte pas un des principes fondamentaux de notre constitution : le principe d'égalité. Pour mettre fin au dysfonctionnement, l'uniformité paraît être la solution idéale. Or la mise en place d'un nouveau régime de risque professionnel risque de se heurter à l'attachement de leurs bénéficiaires à leur régime actuel. Qui dit nouveau régime, ne dit pas forcément destruction de l'existant. Il est proposé de créer une nouvelle branche aux côtés des autres branches de la Sécurité sociale. La branche du risque professionnel succèdera à la branche AT/MP. Mais à la différence de cette dernière, elle sera indépendante administrativement et autonome financièrement et elle permettra de meilleures reconnaissance et indemnisation des accidents ou des maladies liées au travail.

Recension

Cette présentation examine la manière dont les néotermes (nouveaux termes propres à un domaine de spécialité) de l'univers Minecraft sont traduits en français ainsi que l'influence de la terminologie anglaise du jeu sur le discours de sa communauté francophone. À partir des résultats d'un sondage réalisé auprès d'une partie des joueurs francophones de Minecraft, l'auteur met en valeur un phénomène d'emprunt notable : au sein de cette part de la communauté, certains concepts de l'univers du jeu sont davantage désignés par leur terme anglais plutôt que par leur terme français. Par ailleurs, l'auteur s'interroge sur les stratégies de traduction utilisées : traduction littérale, calque, explicitation, ou encore non-traduction (maintien du terme anglais), et sur l'impact qu'elles peuvent avoir sur l'expérience de jeu, notamment dans un contexte où la majorité des joueurs francophones jouent à la version anglaise de Minecraft.

Inflammation is a vital protective response to threats, but it can turn harmful if chronic and uncontrolled. Key elements involve pro-inflammatory cells and signaling pathways, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ampelopsis grossedentata, or vine tea, contains dihydromyricetin (DHM) and myricetin, which are known for their various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of an extract of A. grossedentata leaves (50 µg/mL) on inflammation factors such as inflammasome, pro-inflammatory pathways, and macrophage polarization, as well as its antioxidant properties, with a view to combating the development of low-grade inflammation. Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (APG) significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. In addition, APG reduced LPS/IFNγ -induced M1-like macrophage polarization, resulting in a significant decrease in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, along with a decrease in the percentage of M1 macrophages and an increase in M0 macrophages. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and in the expression of inflammasome genes (NLRP3, IL-1β and Caspase 1) was observed. The results suggest that Ampelopsis grossedentata could be a promising option for managing inflammation-related chronic diseases. Further research is needed to optimize dosage and administration methods.

La maladie de Crohn fait partie du groupe des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin dans lequel on retrouve la rectocolite hémorragique et des colites chroniques indéterminée. On estime actuellement le nombre de malades en France à 120 000.Elle se présente sous forme de poussées alternant avec des phases de rémissions asymptomatiques. Le but de cette thèse et de présenter les différents aspects de la prise en charge globale du patient pour lesquels le pharmacien intervient et accompagne son patient. Après une description classique de la maladie, cette thèse détaille l’accompagnement du patient par le pharmacien d’officine. Finalement, on constate que le rôle du pharmacien d’officine est important et varié. Au niveau du cœur de métier, le pharmacien dispense les médicaments indiqués avec une attention particulière pour les biothérapies en raison de leur spécificités (méthode d’auto-injection, schéma posologique particulier, conservation, surveillance etc.). Mais le pharmacien peut s’impliquer davantage dans la prise en charge, notamment sur deux thèmes essentiels dans la maladie de Crohn : le sevrage tabagique et la nutrition. Le sevrage est absolument nécessaire au vu des effets néfastes du tabagisme sur l’évolution de la maladie. La nutrition est un sujet source de beaucoup d’interrogations et d’idées reçues de la part des patients, ce qui est normal puisque les aliments consommés seront directement en contact avec la muqueuse malade. Il est du rôle du pharmacien d’accompagner les patients ou à minima d’orienter vers un diététicien pour les aider à adapter l’alimentation aux symptômes en évitant les régimes restrictifs inefficaces et potentiellement dangereux.

Background: In myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), altered membrane excitability often occurs in exercising muscles demonstrating muscle dysfunction regardless of any psychiatric disorder. Increased oxi-dative stress is also present in many ME/CFS patients and could affect the membrane excitability of resting muscles. Methods: Seventy-two patients were examined at rest, during an incremental cycling exercise and during a 10-min post-exercise recovery period. All patients had at least four criteria leading to a diagnosis of ME/CFS. To explore muscle membrane excitability, M-waves were recorded during exercise (rectus femoris (RF) muscle) and at rest (flexor digi-torum longus (FDL) muscle). Two plasma markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)) were measured. Plasma potassium (K +) concentration was also measured at rest and at the end of exercise to explore K + outflow. Results: Thirty-nine patients had marked M-wave alterations in both the RF and FDL muscles during and after exercise while the resting values of plasma TBARS and ORP were increased and exercise-induced K + outflow was decreased. In contrast, 33 other patients with a diagnosis of ME/CFS had no M-wave alterations and had lower base-line levels of TBARS and ORP. M-wave changes were inversely proportional to TBARS and ORP levels. Conclusions: Resting muscles of ME/CFS patients have altered muscle membrane excitability. However, our data reveal heterogeneity in some major biomarkers in ME/CFS patients. Measurement of ORP may help to improve the diagnosis of ME/CFS.

Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters, to the authors' knowledge, no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles. Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested. Two samples, one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers, from each fabric type structure, were prepared, and tested against stabbing at [0°], [22.5°], and [45°] angle of incidence. A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized. The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively. A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature (BFS) on the backing material after every specimen test. Each silicon print was then scanned, digitized, and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables, including Depth of Trauma (DOT), Depth of Penetration (DOP), and Length of Penetration (LOP). Besides, the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level. The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles. The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence, but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer, armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing, testing, optimizing, and using protective textiles in various applications.