Open Access Books

The paper demonstrates the usability of historical given name corpora in the research of saints’ cults, with special emphasis on the methodological consequences of gender differences. The small number of historical female name data compared to the male ones is a well-known fact in historical anthroponomastics. Moreover, female names were significantly less likely to become surnames. However, it is less evidently acknowledged how much these differences can complicate (and, in some historical periods, eliminate the possibility of) the onomastic examination of the cults of saintly women in comparison to that of men. The differences between the applicability of the two groups of names by gender are shown by actual examples, comparing the onomastic results with information on the actual state of the cults of saintly men and women in question. The interpretation of the name data covers the aspects of historical changes, as well as social and geographical variances in the frequency of the actual given names and surnames. The analysis is based on Hungarian historical personal name corpora from the Middle Ages (the author’s corpus from the 13th–14th centuries), the Early Modern Period (the Atlas of Historical Surnames of Hungary, 1715) and the Modern Period (the database of official family name changes, 1815–1932).

Las 21 claves de este libro están concebidas para que el lector aprenda a aprovechar algunas de las mejores estrategias para el manejo adecuado de todo tipo de datos en favor de su investigación. Al revisar esta guía conocerá los componentes básicos para organizar sus archivos, datos crudos, datos procesados, lecturas digitales, diversos componentes de software, bitácoras y otros elementos desde la primera investigación que realice.

Ce travail de reconstruction conceptuelle s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’histoire de la linguistique et plus spécifiquement de l’histoire de l’école genevoise de linguistique générale. L’ouvrage propose un éclairage nouveau sur l’identité de cette école à travers l’étude comparative des théories développées par Charles Bally, Albert Sechehaye et Henri Frei entre 1900 et 1940. Faisant l’objet d’élaborations conceptuelles à la fois diversifiées et convergentes, les catégories d’expression et d’expressivité permettent de montrer en quoi se rencontrent et se distinguent les modes de représentation de cette problématique. L’effet d’homogénéité qui s’en dégage contribue également à approfondir l’image de l’héritage de Ferdinand de Saussure dans les théories de ses successeurs à la chaire de linguistique générale de l’université de Genève.

Polyurethanes are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. Because a variety of diisocyanates and a wide range of polyols can be used to produce polyurethane, a broad spectrum of materials can be produced to meet the needs of specific applications. During World War II, a widespread use of polyurethanes was first seen, when they were used as a replacement for rubber, which at that time was expensive and hard to obtain. During the war, other applications were developed, largely involving coatings of different kinds, from airplane finishes to resistant clothing. Subsequent decades saw many further developments and today we are surrounded by polyurethane applications in every aspect of our everyday lives. While polyurethane is a product that most people are not overly familiar with, as it is generally "hidden" behind covers or surfaces made of other materials, it would be hard to imagine life without polyurethanes.

This book addresses pre-conditions for developing a sustainable and resilient economy and society, emphasizing resources used in future-oriented technologies. With the in-depth analysis of assessments for primary and secondary raw materials, the different contributions meet the need of researchers in the fields of Industrial Ecology, Life Science, and Materials Engineering. Thought-out resource strategies are crucial, establishing a well-designed Circular Economy with sophisticated cascading use stages and reducing emissions to air, water and soil. So, sustainable mining, smelting, and refining processes for metals and minerals have to be improved and new material processes—coming from waste—in the field of the bioeconomy have to be implemented. This book discusses criticality assessments and other classification schemes to quantify supply risks and environmental and social burdens. With tools such as Life Cycle Assessments, the authors identify critical resources and processes in several case studies.

Este volumen constituye la primera monografía que aborda el haz entero de construcciones en las que, a lo largo de la historia, ha participado el auxiliar más conocido del español, HABERE > haber. Catorce especialistas de universidades europeas y americanas trazan, desde muy diversas ópticas teóricas (lingüística de área, gramática formal, gramática de construcciones, sociolingüística, dialectología o gramaticalización), una perspectiva de conjunto, exhaustiva en los detalles y novedosa en sus hipótesis, sobre los distintos caminos que históricamente ha emprendido el verbo ‘haber’ y hoy caracterizan su comportamiento en español (y otras lenguas románicas aquí abordadas: catalán, francés, portugués...), adentrándose igualmente en aspectos generales de la variación y el cambio morfosintácticos.

An edited volume of essays dealing with the Hebrew Bible and its cultural environment.

Homi K. Bhabha delivered the 2010 Hegel lecture, evoking the spirit of Hegel in an attempt to understand contemporary issues of ethical witness, historical memory and the rights and representations of minorities in the cultural sphere. Who is our neighbour today? What does hospitality mean for our times? Why is the recognition of others such an agonizing encounter with the alterity of the self?The lecture examplifies how the ?Third Space? - one of the key theories of Postcolonialism - helps us to establish a new understanding of cosmopolitanism and hospitality in a globalized world, based on the right of difference in equality.; Homi K. Bhabha,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

The book is concerned with the linguistic worldview broadly understood, but it focuses on one particular variant of the idea, its sources, extensions, its critical assessment, and inspirations for related research. This approach is the ethnolinguistic linguistic worldview (LWV) program pursued in Lublin, Poland, and initiated and headed by Jerzy Bartmiński. In its basic design, the volume emerged from the theme of the conference held in Lublin in October 2011: “The linguistic worldview or linguistic views of worlds?” If the latter is the case, then what worlds? Is it a case of one language/one worldview? Are there literary or poetic worldviews? Are there auctorial worldviews? Many of the chapters are based on presentations from that conference, and others have been written especially for the volume. Generally, there are four kinds of contributions: (i) a presentation and exemplification of the “Lublin style” LWV approach; (ii) studies inspired by this approach but not following it in detail; (iii) independent but related and compatible research; and (iv) a critical reappraisal of some specific ideas proposed by Jerzy Bartmiński and his collaborators.

Nowadays, the power of internet and social media to share information and connect with others is a reality that has also changed the way people communicate about health information, but also to create and share health information with others. The loss of confidence in health professionals could be dangerous with regard to the diffusion of information about community health and possible alterations of procedures and systems designed to maintain and improve it. So, this situation about the Spreading health education through Social Media requires research and the design of new ways to approach social media users, especially, young people. Initiatives where health professionals must be the main actors and drive the communication initiatives focused on community health with the main goal of recovery the people confidence when they in health issues. Health education has an important challenge in front of all healthcare providers in multiple aspects of caring. Patients and people concerns about self-cares must be addressed and every one of us is an agent for change. This Special Issue collects 11 research studies focused to the promotion of health and healthy lifestyles through adequate communication strategies.

In Bodies in Doubt, Elizabeth Reis traces the changing definitions, perceptions, and medical management of intersex (atypical sex development) in America from the colonial period to the present. Arguing that medical practice must be understood within its broader cultural context, Reis demonstrates how deeply physicians have been influenced by social anxieties about marriage, heterosexuality, and same-sex desire throughout American history.In this second edition, Reis adds two new chapters, a new preface, and a revised introduction to assess recent dramatic shifts in attitudes, bioethics, and medical and legal practices. Human rights organizations have declared early genital surgeries a form of torture and abuse, but doctors continue to offer surgical "repair," and parents continue to seek it for their children. While many are hearing the human rights call, controversies persist, and Reis explains why best practices in this field remain fiercely contested.

A presente História do Fado, de Pinto de Carvalho (Tinop), constitui não só o mais importante texto até hoje elaborado sobre as origens e o desenvolvimento do Fado, como também um saborosíssimo painel da vida de Lisboa na segunda metade do século XIX.

This study introduces innovative anomaly detection algorithms based on the Isolation Forest (IF) method. It begins by presenting an overview of the anomaly detection issue, encompassing a review of general methods used in this field. Subsequently, the IF method is discussed in detail, along with key concepts necessary for the implementation of the novel techniques. Studies regarding modifications of the IF method are analyzed. Within this review, particular emphasis is placed on those publications focused on the improvements and extensions of the basic IF algorithm. The study includes the introduction of five new anomaly detection algorithms. Among them are two attribute reduction methods used in the data preprocessing, based on clustering techniques such as 𝑘-Means and Fuzzy 𝐶-Means. Furthermore, a method is developed to improve the selection of the attribute value at isolation nodes, using an optimized clustering algorithm based on the minimal spanning tree. Within the next two methods, innovative solutions are introduced in the construction of isolation trees, involving the isolation of elements through their merging using the minimal spanning tree algorithm. The newly introduced isolation trees are characterized by two components of anomaly assessment: One associated with the depth of the element in the isolation tree and the other with the distance of the element from the nearest leaf node. The first of the mentioned methods utilizes the assessment function by summing the introduced components of anomaly assessment. The second technique introduces the integration of normalized components of anomaly assessment using the fuzzy rules block in the Takagi-Sugeno inference model. A comprehensive series of experiments on newly proposed approaches is conducted to evaluate the algorithms and compare them with existing competitive techniques. The studies involved 26 real-world datasets. Measures of classification quality independent of the detection threshold selection are measured, such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the precision-recall curve. Additionally, optimal detection threshold values for the methods are determined, and values of measures dependent on this threshold are calculated, namely accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, false alarm ratio, and F1 measure. The results of these studies unequivocally confirm that the newly introduced solutions are characterized by high effectiveness. Moreover, other characteristics are also analyzed, including the response times of the algorithms in the training and evaluation phases, and a thorough analysis of hyperparameters is conducted. Adjusting the hyperparameters of the methods allowed for identifying possibilities for their modification to optimize the performance of the algorithms with specific tasks in mind. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approaches in separating anomalous samples from normal ones, a graphical representation of the separability is presented, using normalized values of the assessment function of individual algorithms. To visualize the characteristics of the newly developed algorithms, four artificially generated, two-dimensional anomaly detection datasets are prepared. Heatmaps reflecting the assessment function values are developed, both for individual isolation trees and for complex forests consisting of one hundred trees. In addition, a graphical representation of the anomaly detection process is presented, using the optimally determined detection threshold. The presented results again confirm the very good detection properties of the newly introduced methods. In the final part of the study, a synthesis of the results of experiments and analyses is conducted, key conclusions are formulated, and prospects for future research work are outlined. The directions for further development of the techniques proposed are inspired both by the observation of the effects of the experiments and by a deep understanding of the operation mechanisms applied in the discussed algorithms.

The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization comprehensively and systematically explores the current understanding, and unchartered research paths, of autocratization. With wide-reaching regional coverage and expert analysis from Asia, North and South America, Europa, the Middle East, and North Africa, this handbook reveals cross-country, and cross-regional, analysis and insights and presents in-depth explanations and consequences of autocratization. Arranged in five thematic parts, chapters explore the basic aspects of conceptualization, theorization, and measurement of autocratization; the role of various political and non-political actors as perpetrators, supporters, bystanders, or defenders of democracy against autocratization processes; and the consequences across various policy fields. Showcasing cutting-edge research developments, the handbook illustrates the deeply complex nature of the field, examining important topics in need of renewed consideration at a time of growing concerns for democracy and the global spread of authoritarian challenges to democracy. The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization will be a key reference for those interested in, and studying authoritarianism, democratization, human rights, governance, democracy and more broadly comparative politics, and regional/area studies. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Dans la plupart des métiers, ce sont des mentor·es qui assument la transmission du métier à autrui. Néanmoins, endosser cette fonction ne va pas de soi. Ce contexte de formation d'adultes entre mentor·es et stagiaires présente différentes dimensions : observation, imitation, mise en pratique, sans oublier les entretiens. C'est l'analyse des entretiens menés dans le contexte de la transmission du métier enseignant en alternance, qui est mise en exergue dans cet ouvrage. Ainsi, au travers d'une démarche de formation des mentor·es nommée mentoring conversation studies, conçues selon le modèle des lesson studies, l'auteure présente comment, dans ce contexte, des mentor·es en formation d'adultes se développent en profondeur, en termes de réflexivité et d'autorégulation. Enfin, l'analyse fine des entretiens présentée dans ce livre questionne les dispositifs actuels de formation destinés aux mentor·es, et, en corollaire, les effets d'une absence de dispositif destiné à ce public.