Open Access Books

"The Jewish Orphanage in Leiden was the last one of 8 such care homes to open its doors in The Netherlands before the Second World War. After spending almost 39 years in an old and utterly inadequate building in Leiden’s city centre, the inauguration in 1929 of a brand-new building, shown on the front cover, was the start of a remarkably productive and prosperous period. The building still stands there, proudly but sadly, to this day: the relatively happy period lasted less than 14 years. On Wednesday evening, 17th March 1943, the Leiden Police, under German instructions, closed down the Orphanage and delivered 50 children and 9 staff to the Leiden railway station, from where they were brought to Transit Camp Westerbork in the Northeast of the country. Two boys were released from Westerbork thanks to tireless efforts of a neighbour in Leiden; one young woman survived Auschwitz, and one young girl escaped to Palestine via Bergen-Belsen. The 55 others were deported to Sobibor, not one of them survived. Some 168 children lived in the new building at one time or another between August 1929 and March 1943. This book reconstructs life in the orphanage based on the many stories and photographs which they left us. It is dedicated to the memory of those who perished in the holocaust, but also to those who survived. Without them this book could not have been written."

Ever since the invention of laser by Schawlow and Townes in 1958, various innovative ideas of laser-based applications emerge very year. At the same time, scientists and engineers keep on improving laser's power density, size, and cost which patch up the gap between theories and implementations. More importantly, our everyday life is changed and influenced by lasers even though we may not be fully aware of its existence. For example, it is there in cross-continent phone calls, price tag scanning in supermarkets, pointers in the classrooms, printers in the offices, accurate metal cutting in machine shops, etc. In this volume, we focus the recent developments related to laser scanning, a very powerful technique used in features detection and measurement. We invited researchers who do fundamental works in laser scanning theories or apply the principles of laser scanning to tackle problems encountered in medicine, geodesic survey, biology and archaeology. Twenty-eight chapters contributed by authors around the world to constitute this comprehensive book.

The Archive of the City of Vienna keeps three folio-volumes of a manuscript in conservation of her archive, which in common was marked as “Wiener Testamentsbücher” (Viennese Last Wills-Register). The source, comprising the period of 1395 to 1430, at this time was named “Stadtbuch”, and this appoints the character of such registers, which served for registration of legal transactions in urban space. In total the “Stadtbuch” embodies more than 4.500 registrations, in most cases last wills (“Geschäfte”), but also a lot of registrations about transactions concerning private law as well as matters of pubic law.

Qu’est-ce qui s’internationalise dans les luttes sociales et comment des collectifs locaux peuvent-ils rendre visibles leurs revendications ? Quels sont les effets de l’internationalisation sur les organisations sociales ? Comment se met en place, concrètement, cette globalisation « par le bas » ? Autant de questions parcourant cet ouvrage, qui s’empare du cas des luttes paysannes en Colombie et des relations tissées entre des organisations locales et différents acteurs internationaux dans le cadre du conflit armé colombien des années 1990 à nos jours. Reposant sur une enquête de terrain de trois ans, menée dans deux zones rurales en Colombie, ce livre s’inscrit dans une dynamique de recherche autour des circulations et des processus d’internationalisation dans le contexte d’un « tournant global » des sciences sociales. Il se situe à l’intersection entre l’étude critique du développement et de l’aide internationale, d’une part, et de la sociologie des mobilisations, d’autre part. Grâce à un récit vivant, Mathilde Allain décrypte et analyse ce qui fait « l’international » et les effets de ces processus sociaux au sein des associations locales mobilisées.

Invertebrates exhibit a wide range of diversity in body plan, physiology, behaviour, adaptation and preferences for habitat and food. Their relationship with the environment is unique and multidimensional. This book is organized into two sections containing chapters on the frontier areas of research in ecophysiology and management-related problems of various invertebrates. Topics covered include hibernation physiology; the amelioration potential of drug and parasitic host response of molluscs; the genetics and biology of hydrocorals; and current trends of management, aquaculture, and harvesting of ecologically and economically important molluscs and sponges. This book is an enriched edition of invertebrate zoology and is a useful source of information for researchers and students in various disciplines. In recent years, a paradigm shift in research on invertebrates has occurred under the backdrop of climate change and environmental contamination. This important shift in the research is well reflected in this book.

A pesquisadora Raquel Paiva Dias-Scopel, do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia), levanta questões sobre a valorização e respeito à diversidade étnica e cultural dos povos indígenas e a difícil interface com o processos de medicalização e do direito ao acesso aos serviços de saúde biomédicos. O livro é parte da Coleção Saúde dos Povos Indígenas, da Editora Fiocruz e partiu da tese de doutorado defendida em 2014 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Foi publicado pela primeira vez em 2015 pela Associação Brasileira de Antropologia com o título A Cosmopolítica da Gestação, Parto e Pós-Parto: práticas de autoatenção e processo de medicalização entre os índios Munduruku. No prefácio da primeira edição, sua orientadora, a doutora em antropologia e professora titular da UFSC, Esther Jean Langdon, ressalta que o conceito fundamental deste livro é da autoatenção, que aponta para o reconhecimento da autonomia e da criatividade da coletividade, principalmente da família, como núcleo que articula os diferentes modelos de atenção ou cuidado da saúde.

This book, Hydrogen Technologies - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications, explores the various aspects of hydrogen technology, including generation, transportation, and storage. The book compiles research conducted by experts from around the world, contributing to the body of knowledge in hydrogen technology for future applications. Edited by Dr. Zak Abdallah and Dr. Nada Aldoumani, both of whom are well-published in peer-reviewed journals, conferences, and scientific books, the book introduces key technologies and addresses various challenges and potential solutions. Over the years, numerous models have been developed to predict the performance of materials in hydrogen-induced environments. While some models have proven accurate, others have failed to predict process performance. The reliability of any predictive tool hinges on the use of parameters that meaningfully replicate real-life conditions. This principle is demonstrated throughout the book with research findings derived from experimental work in the field.

Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.

This book is dedicated to highlighting some relevant advances in the field of thin films and coatings based on two-dimensional crystals and layered nanomaterials. Due to their layered structure, graphene and a variety of new 2D inorganic nanosystems, called “graphene analogues”, have all attracted tremendous interest due to their unprecedented properties/superior performance, and may find applications in many fields from electronics to biotechnology. These two-dimensional systems are ultrathin and, hence, tend to be flexible, also presenting distinctive and nearly intrinsic characteristics, including electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal conductivity, and superconducting properties. Furthermore, the combination of different structures and synergetic effects may open new and unprecedented perspectives, making these ideal advanced materials for multifunctional assembled systems. As far as the field of coatings is concerned, new layered nanostructures may offer unique and multifunctional properties, including gas barrier, lubricant, conductive, magnetic, photoactive, self-cleaning, and/or antimicrobial surfaces. This book contains new findings on the synthesis and perspectives of multifunctional films that are at the forefront of the science and coating technologies.

This open access book systematically explores the statistical characteristics of cryptographic systems, the computational complexity theory of cryptographic algorithms and the mathematical principles behind various encryption and decryption algorithms. The theory stems from technology. Based on Shannon's information theory, this book systematically introduces the information theory, statistical characteristics and computational complexity theory of public key cryptography, focusing on the three main algorithms of public key cryptography, RSA, discrete logarithm and elliptic curve cryptosystem. It aims to indicate what it is and why it is. It systematically simplifies and combs the theory and technology of lattice cryptography, which is the greatest feature of this book. It requires a good knowledge in algebra, number theory and probability statistics for readers to read this book. The senior students majoring in mathematics, compulsory for cryptography and science and engineering postgraduates will find this book helpful. It can also be used as the main reference book for researchers in cryptography and cryptographic engineering areas.

Le lac Tchad et son avenir sont au cœur des préoccupations politiques régionales et internationales. Cet espace vital, à la charnière de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Afrique centrale, a longtemps fasciné, depuis les géographes arabes au Moyen-Âge jusqu'aux explorateurs européens du XIXe siècle. Il suscite aujourd'hui des interrogations fortes sur l'environnement, l'eau, le climat et le développement régional. Le lac Tchad va-t-il s'assécher ? Quelles seraient alors les conséquences pour les 13 millions d'hommes qui en dépendent, sur un rayon de 300 km ? Les discours publics qui traitent de l'avenir du lac Tchad, le plus souvent alarmistes, sont dans l'ensemble sources d'une grande confusion et entretiennent une image brouillée de la situation. Une connaissance précise des réalités est pourtant nécessaire pour construire une vision partagée de cet avenir et adopter une stratégie qui permette de relever les défis du développement durable du lac. La Commission du bassin du lac Tchad (CBLT) a commandé à l'Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) une expertise collégiale sur la préservation et le développement du lac Tchad. Cette expertise, réalisée par un collège d'experts pluridisciplinaire et paritaire Nord-Sud, recense les connaissances actuelles sur le lac et identifie les différents choix politiques susceptibles de stimuler son développement. Elle aboutit à une série de recommandations utiles aux décideurs politiques en matière de soutenabilité environnementale, de sécurité alimentaire et d'emploi.

Avant de prendre une connotation politique, soit revendiquée avec éclat, soit contestée avec ténacité, la notion de Patrie se rattache à la valeur étymologique du mot, c'est-à-dire le pays du père, cet ensemble mystérieux mais très concret d'individus pratiquant la même langue, des coutumes semblables et souvent une religion commune. Elle n'existe, en somme, moins en elle-même que dans la conscience qu'en ont les gens qui la composent. Il n'est pas de patrie sans sentiment d'en être partie in...

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This open access book explores the complexity of the lex sportiva, the transnational legal regime governing international sports. Pioneering in its approach, it maps out the many entanglements of the transnational governance of sports with European legal processes and norms. The contributors trace the embeddedness of the lex sportiva within national law, European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights. While the volume emphasizes the capacity of sports governing bodies to leverage the resources of national law to spread the lex sportiva globally, it also points at the fact that European legal processes are central when challenging the status quo as illustrated recently in the Semenya and Superleague cases. Ultimately, the book is also a vantage point to start critically investigating the Eurocentricity and the complex materiality underpinning the lex sportiva. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Swedish Studies Network.

Pour ce dossier de l'IFEA dédié aux relations informelles entre la Turquie et l'Arménie, le premier consacré à ce sujet depuis 2002, nous avons décidé de faire confiance à deux jeunes chercheurs. Adrian Foucher, qui a achevé un master 2 à l'Institut français de géopolitique (Paris 8) en 2015, a été stagiaire de l'Observatoire du Caucase, antenne de l'IFEA située à Bakou. Elshan Mustafayev est quant à lui doctorant à l'IEP de Lyon, où il rédige une thèse sur la politique étrangère de la Turquie depuis 2003. Il s'agit donc d'un tandem inédit pour la série des Dossiers, qui se distingue à la fois par sa bi-nationalité et sa jeunesse. Au cours de la symbolique année 2015, d'Istanbul à Diyarbakır, Van et Iğdır essentiellement, ils sont allés recueillir les témoignages de celles et ceux qui œuvrent, en Turquie, au rapprochement de leur pays avec l'Arménie. Adrian Foucher et Elshan Mustafayev proposent dans ce dossier un état des lieux des relations entre les deux pays, dont ils décryptent les dynamiques et enjeux principaux. Surtout, ils nous livrent un travail d'observation empreint de spontanéité qui ouvre la voie vers des pistes de recherche prometteuses.