Open Access Books

Dante’s Visions: Crossing Sights on Natural Philosophy, Theory of Vision, and Medicine in the Divine Comedy and Beyond offers a fascinating insight into Dante’s engagement with the science of his time, particularly with visual perception and neurological disorders. The relationship between the soul and the body and the bond between human beings and their natural environment were significant areas of interest in the medieval world. In Dante’s Divine Comedy, as well as in his Vita Nuova and Convivio, these connections are enhanced to the fullest, expressing feelings and sensations, pain and ecstasy, and physical and spiritual passions under exceptional psychological and environmental stimuli. Based on the research of a multidisciplinary group of scholars – including experts in Dante, the culture and history of medieval literature and philosophy, historians of science, neuroscientists, and specialists in vision and visual illusions – this book explores the poet’s psychophysical descriptions of sense perception, the theory of vision, optical illusions and deceptions of sight, neurological phenomena, and the anatomy and physiology of the human nervous system. It highlights the Aristotelian sources of his scientific culture and the influence of the Arabic sciences on their dissemination in the Western world. In addition to illustrating the cultural background of a poetic genius, with specific reference to the rich scientific reflections in Italy at Dante’s time, this book brings out the many opportunities for future research at the intersection of science and literature in the past.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This book analyses the current trends, developments and challenges involved in the implementation of new academic career models across European higher education, providing a multifaceted reflection on the future trajectory of universities.

The “Ambras Book of Heroes,” commissioned by Maximilian I, is one of the most important sources of medieval German literature. In this eleven-volume complete edition, all 25 texts from the codex appear in print for the first time in their original Early New High German wording – for 15 of which there is only a singular transmission. Alongside a precise, diplomatic transcription, this edition also provides additional manuscript scans.

Twenty-first-century Western culture is characterized by profound transformations in its forms of collective organization. While traditional institutions of Western liberal democracies still wield significant political power, new forms of collective agency – most visible in progressive social protest movements, but also in the global rise of populism – have increasingly put pressure on established systems of collective organization. The contributors to this volume explore the social, political, and aesthetic forms that collective agency takes in the twenty-first century across a variety of media, including social platforms such as TikTok, multiplayer video games, and contemporary lyric poetry.

This handbook provides a comprehensive overview and cutting-edge assessment of community forestry. Containing contributions from academics, practitioners, and professionals, the Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry presents a truly global overview with case studies drawn from across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Handbook begins with an overview of the chapters and a discussion of the concept of community forestry and the key issues. Topics as wide-ranging as Indigenous forestry, conservation and ecosystem management, relationships with industrial forestry, trade and supply systems, land tenure and land grabbing, and climate change are addressed. The Handbook also focuses on governance, looking at the range of approaches employed, including multi-level governance and rights-based approaches, and the principal actors involved from local communities and Indigenous Peoples to governments and national and international non-governmental organisations. The Handbook reveals the importance of the historical context to community forestry and the effects of power and politics. Importantly, the Handbook not only focuses on successful examples of community forestry, but also addresses failures in order to highlight the key challenges we are still facing and potential solutions. The Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry is essential reading for academics, professionals, and practitioners interested in forestry, natural resource management, conservation, and sustainable development.

Open-access edition: DOI 10.6069/9780295804095 Longlisted for the 2009 ICAS Book Award Mountainous Liangshan Prefecture, on the southern border of Sichuan Province, is one of China's most remote regions. Although Liangshan's majority ethnic group, the Nuosu (now classified by the Chinese government as part of the Yi ethnic group) practiced a subsistence economy and were, by Chinese standards, extremely poor. Their traditional society was stratified into endogamous castes, the most powerful of which owned slaves. With the incorporation of Liangshan into China's new socialist society in the mid-twentieth century, the Nuosu were required to abolish slavery and what the Chinese government considered to be superstitious religious practices. When Han Chinese moved into the area, competing with Nuosu for limited resources and introducing new cultural and economic challenges, some Nuosu took advantage of China's new economic policies in the 1980s to begin private businesses. In Doing Business in Rural China, Thomas Heberer tells the stories of individual entrepreneurs and presents a wealth of economic data gleaned from extensive fieldwork in Liangshan. He documents and analyzes the phenomenal growth during the last two decades of Nuosu-run businesses, comparing these with Han-run businesses and asking how ethnicity affects the new market-oriented economic structure and how economics in turn affects Nuosu culture and society. He finds that Nuosu entrepreneurs have effected significant change in local economic structures and social institutions and have financed major social and economic development projects. This economic development has prompted Nuosu entrepreneurs to establish business, political, and social relationships beyond the traditional social confines of the clan, while also fostering awareness and celebration of ethnicity.

Amalgames déconcertants de points communs, de divergences, voire d’inversions symétriques, la religion du Veda et celle de l’Avesta composent un ensemble de représentations complexes, dont la comparaison permet idéalement de postuler la structure et de reconstituer le développement progressif. À l’évidence, le registre des représentations indiennes et celui des iraniennes ont une origine commune, et témoignent de polémiques amorçant le mouvement conceptuel qui aboutira à la philosophie indien...

Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which transmits multiple data streams via multiple antenna elements, is one of the most attractive technologies in the wireless communication field. Its extension, called ‘massive MIMO’ or ‘large-scale MIMO’, in which base station has over one hundred of the antenna elements, is now seen as a promising candidate to realize 5G and beyond, as well as 6G mobile communications. It has been the first decade since its fundamental concept emerged. This Special Issue consists of 19 papers and each of them focuses on a popular topic related to massive MIMO systems, e.g. analog/digital hybrid signal processing, antenna fabrication, and machine learning incorporation. These achievements could boost its realization and deepen the academic and industrial knowledge of this field.

Originally published in 1970. Professor Callcott's analysis of the rise of historical consciousness in the United States from 1800 to 1860 offers a new dimension to American historiography. Other books have provided insight into the works of Bancroft, Parkman, and others, but Callcott goes beyond to explain the meaning of the past itself rather than the contributions of particular historians. As the anatomy of an idea, this is an important contribution to American intellectual history; and as a study of humans' need for the past and their use of it, it is an important contribution to American social history. The author begins by analyzing the European and Romantic background for American historical thought. He then explores the rise of historical themes in literature, education, the arts, and scholarship. By describing the type of historical subject matter, the methods of writing history, the interpretive themes historians used, and the standards by which critics judged history, Callcott offers a new understanding of the social and personal meaning that history had for Americans at the time. The American people were especially convinced of the utility of history—its social use in supporting accepted values, its personal utility in extending human experience, and its philosophical value in pointing people toward ultimate reality. The idea of history possessed a remarkable coherence that reflected the preoccupations and aspirations of the young nation. Callcott also demonstrates, however, that when basic historical assumptions were challenged by controversy, the entire edifice collapsed.

This Special Issue collates seven papers regarding the assessment or monitoring of hydrological disasters such as droughts and flood using remote sensing and geography information system (GIS) techniques.. The new published research focused on evaluations and models of various hydrological hazards such as droughts and floods. Furthermore, we include two original scientific articles addressing the subject of water quality. This Special Issue received investigations based on different techniques such as remote sensing, GIS, machine learning and monitoring. All papers present findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative and methodologically new. Scientific findings presented in this Special Issue highlight how a combination of various modern analysis techniques (e.g., remote sensing, GIS) can improve our understanding of complex hydrological hazards such as droughts and floods. We hope that the research contained within this Special Issue is useful to the scientific community, policymakers and stakeholders at large in the field of hydrological hazards.

Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.

Scholars have studied international organizations (IOs) in many disciplines, thus generating important theoretical developments. Yet a proper assessment and a broad discussion of the methods used to research these organizations are lacking. Which methods are being used to study IOs and in what ways? Do we need a specific methodology applied to the case of IOs? What are the concrete methodological challenges when doing research on IOs? International Organizations and Research Methods: An Introduction compiles an inventory of the methods developed in the study of IOs under the five headings of Observing, Interviewing, Documenting, Measuring, and Combining. It does not reconcile diverging views on the purpose and meaning of IO scholarship, but creates a space for scholars and students embedded in different academic traditions to reflect on methodological choices and the way they impact knowledge production on IOs.

Roland Barthes at the Collège de France studies the four lecture courses given by Barthes in Paris between 1977 and 1980. This study, the first full-length account of this material, places Barthes’s teaching within institutional, intellectual and personal contexts. Analysing the texts and recordings of Comment vivre ensemble, Le Neutre and La Préparation du roman I et II in tandem with Barthes’s 1970s output, the book brings together for the first time all the strands of Barthes’s activity as writer, teacher and public intellectual. Theoretically wide-ranging in scope, Lucy O’Meara’s study focuses particularly on Barthes’s pedagogical style, addressing how his wilfully un-magisterial teaching links to the anti-systematic, anti-dogmatic goals of the rest of his work. Roland Barthes at the Collège de France reassesses the critical and ethical priorities of Barthes’s work in the decade before his death, demonstrating the vitally affirmative core of Barthes’s late thought.

The engagement with the Holocaust and National Socialism must be updated for German language teaching: on the one hand, official forms of remembrance scarcely reach a younger generation anymore, and on the other hand, the very concept of remembrance itself needs to be reformulated. Knowledge that enables remembrance can no longer be assumed; it must first be created and prepared. German language teaching must respond: one possibility lies in expanding the textual foundations, adapting them to current requirements, and linking them with practices. As it is becoming increasingly difficult to draw on direct experiences of the Holocaust and Nazi crimes, the transmission of memory is becoming ever more dependent on media of preservation and their interpretation. The responsibility of German language teaching also concerns the transformation of the media and aesthetic constitution of “memory texts”: it is about creating and accompanying experiences of their formal and aesthetic particularities and, consequently, about developing interpretive competencies. For literature teaching, this may involve using not only (digitally stored) eyewitness testimonies but above all innovative and multimodal text formats (e.g., films, graphic novels, multimedia learning environments, etc.). The contributions highlight aspects of this transformation and the resulting challenges from subject-specific didactic as well as interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. In addition to didactically oriented commentaries on texts, the perspective of teachers is also considered, since a younger generation in this field likewise possesses changing convictions and orientations.

Rivista accademica di respiro internazionale con lo scopo di valorizzare la ricerca italiana nel campo delle biblioteche e delle scienze dell'informazione e raccoglie i contributi di giovani ricercatori e studenti. Il comitato redazionale della rivista incoraggia gli autori (studenti, ricercatori, bibliotecari, archivisti) a contribuire con scritti (papers) innovativi ed interdisciplinari ed ad utilizzare JLIS come uno spazio virtuale per l''elaborazione teorica sulle radicali trasformazioni introdotte dalle innovazioni della cultura digitale. JLIS è pubblicato due volte all'anno in giugno e dicembre.