Open Access Books

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

This Special Issue features research and review articles on the characterization of metallic materials during various processes such as solidification, forming, and heat treatment. This issue focuses on all characterization methods, including all forms of microscopy (transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc.) and analytical techniques applied to the materials' microstructure, interface, surface, etc. Studies focusing on analysis using computational science are also welcome. Recent studies dealing with the behavior of materials during various phenomena (solidification, phase transformation, oxidation, diffusion, deformation, and so on) that can occur in processes such as casting, plastic working, and heat treatment are suitable for publication in this issue. This Special Issue will provide material scientists with up-to-date information explaining the behavior of many types of metallic materials using novel approaches. This issue covers all kinds of metallic materials.

Gerade in Krisenmomenten treten kleine Formen und Formate in stabilisierender oder mobilisierender Funktion auf. In der Zwischenkriegszeit erscheinen sie innerhalb verschiedener medialer Konstellationen – wie etwa in Zeitungen, Flugschriften oder Lehrmaterialien – und eröffnen politische sowie ästhetische Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, die der Band in fokussierten Materialanalysen und Fallstudien praxeologisch sowie interdisziplinär untersucht.

When one reads this enormous volume, one has to admit with admiration: the word ‘book’ here is too modest.Here it is more appropriate to talk about a masterpiece. A masterpiece impressive not merely because of its size but, most importantly, because of its extensiveness and versatility of approach, the range of materials used, as well as the inquisitiveness of analysis, carried out from different perspectives, which always complement one another. As a result, this large volume paints a picture not only of the particular elements which make up the Polish literature on the Holocaust, but it also presents an image of its entirety, its transformations and evolution. It is, therefore, a monumental handbook, but also a work of an encyclopaedic character. (Prof. Michał Głowiński)

Although irregular warfare includes a range of activities in which naval forces have played an integral role, there has been little examination of the characteristics or potential of such operations in maritime environments. An assessment of the maritime component of a series of historical and ongoing operations reveals that current notions of irregular warfare would benefit from increased recognition of potential maritime contributions.

In recent years, landslides and their impacts have drawn increasing awareness globally, regionally, and locally. Landslides as catastrophic events can cause human injury, loss of life, and economic devastation as well as destroy infrastructures and cultural and natural heritage. New technologies, including interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and geographic information systems (GIS), are being thoroughly adopted and applied to dynamic and process monitoring and modelling of coal mine and marine landslides, land subsidence, and tsunami landslides. These technologies are also being used for hazard mapping and assessment, early warning and evacuation, and regional or local landslide mitigation. This book discusses these topics and more.

The approximately 7,000 texts of Batty Weber's pull-out calendar feuilleton series (1913-1940) deal with various facets of the artistic, social, economic, political and intellectual reality in Luxembourg (and beyond). They stand out in Luxembourgish literary and cultural history for the author's humour, his wide-ranging themes and his ambition to instil in his readers a lasting interest in Luxembourgish culture and history in a poeticised form. In this collection, researchers from various academic disciplines examine the linguistic, thematic and argumentative patterns of the feuilletons and their contextuality. Drawing on scientific approaches from the fields of linguistic history, socio- and computational linguistics, sociology and science of literature, religious, urban, technology, medical and environmental history, the contributors will provide valuable and innovative insights into the complexity of Luxembourgish cultural production, history and politics, as well as the institutional and urban conditions in the first half of the 20th century.

Critical Medical Anthropology presents inspiring work from scholars doing and engaging with ethnographic research in or from Latin America, addressing themes that are central to contemporary Critical Medical Anthropology (CMA). This includes issues of inequality, embodiment of history, indigeneity, non-communicable diseases, gendered violence, migration, substance abuse, reproductive politics and judicialisation, as these relate to health. The collection of ethnographically informed research, including original theoretical contributions, reconsiders the broader relevance of CMA perspectives for addressing current global healthcare challenges from and of Latin America. It includes work spanning four countries in Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala and Peru) as well as the trans-migratory contexts they connect and are defined by. By drawing on diverse social practices, it addresses challenges of central relevance to medical anthropology and global health, including reproduction and maternal health, sex work, rare and chronic diseases, the pharmaceutical industry and questions of agency, political economy, identity, ethnicity, and human rights. 'Critical Medical Anthropology offers thought-provoking interventions to understandings of health, illness and healthcare. It extends a legacy of critical anthropological research, inviting and stimulating south-north dialogue, while generating inspiring new thinking at the intersections of health, social justice, human rights and political economy.'- Ciara Kierans, University of Liverpool

The main purpose of this book is to contribute with the discussion about criminal proceedings and how doctrinal opinions spread through the South of Italy, Iberian countries and New Spain in the Early Modern age. Some relevant topics are judicial discretionary, protection and application of royal competencies, as well as the importance of the decisiones in regard to the procedural activity within the high courts of Portugal and Sicily. The interdependence between Criminal law, doctrinal discourses and judicial practice within the scope of the European ius commune is a basic feature of the chapters contained in this book.---El propósito principal de esta obra colectiva es la contribución al conocimiento de los procedimientos penales y de la difusión de las diversas tendencias doctrinales en el ámbito del sur de Italia, los territorios ibéricos y Nueva España en la temprana Edad Moderna. Algunos temas relevantes son la discrecionalidad judicial, la protección y aplicación de las competencias reales, así como la importancia de las decisiones en lo que atañe a la actividad procesal en el seno de los altos tribunales de Portugal y Sicilia. Las interconexiones entre el derecho criminal, los discursos doctrinales y la práctica judicial en la órbita del ius commune europeo vertebran los capítulos de este libro.

Morocco displays strong multilingualism where several languages coexist: Standard Arabic, Berber (Amazigh), French, Spanish, and Moroccan Arabic (Darija) – the vernacular language. Nonetheless, following independence, the country’s ideological choices in terms of cultural policy pushed for the Arabization of toponyms. To provide high-quality geographic information, place names should be accurate and identifiable in the field not only by the inhabitants themselves but also by the visitors. Place names are rather close to everyday life and thus used mostly in their vernacular form, denoting phonetic or semantic alterations. Various research has shown the interrelation between dialectology and onomastics, hence the importance of considering dialects in the study of place names. This study aims to investigate whether examining and considering the dialectal variants is essential. It seeks to provide a comprehensive toponymic data set of Morocco, where the motivation is better identification of the place in question by adhering to the correct usage in both written and spoken practice. The onymic items were collected from native speakers of the geographical varieties and oral tradition. The differences in the linguistic features are analyzed, and follow-up investigations will seek to examine whether any discrepancy between the official and the vernacular form of toponym will be observed.

This fully revised and expanded second edition of the Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies takes a multidisciplinary approach to disability and provides an authoritative and up-to-date overview of the main issues in the field around the world today. Adopting an international perspective and arranged thematically, it surveys the state of the discipline, examining emerging and cutting-edge areas as well as core areas of contention. Divided in five parts, this comprehensive handbook covers: Different models and approaches to disability. How key impairment groups have engaged with disability studies and the writings within the discipline. Policy and legislation responses to disability studies and to disability activism. Disability studies and its interaction with other disciplines, such as history, philosophy, sport, and science and technology studies. Disability studies and different life experiences, examining how disability and disability studies intersects with ethnicity, sexuality, gender, childhood and ageing. Containing 15 revised chapters and 12 new chapters from an international selection of leading scholars, this authoritative handbook is an invaluable reference for all academics, researchers, and more advanced students in disability studies and associated disciplines such as sociology, health studies and social work.

The large-scale use of semantic transfer and inversion as rhetorical tactics is particularly prevalent in right-wing discourses and populist »alternative knowledge« production. The contributors to this volume analyze processes of re-semanticizing received meanings, effectually re-coding those meanings. They investigate to what extent rhetorical maneuvers serve to establish new and powerful belief systems beyond rational and democratic control. In addition to the contemporary rightwing and conspiracy narratives, the contributions examine the discursive fields around conceptions of human nature and the deep past, population politics, gender conceptions, use of land, identity politics, nationhood, and cultural heritage.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to their potential applications in gas/chemical sensors, healthcare monitoring, biomedicine, electronic skin, wearable sensing technology and advanced electronic devices. Graphene is one of today's most popular 2D nanomaterials alongside boron nitrides, molybdenum disulfide, black phosphorus and metal oxide nanosheets, all of which open up new opportunities for future devices. This book provides insights into models and theoretical backgrounds, important properties, characterizations and applications of 2D materials, including graphene, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, ZnO thin film, phosphorene and molybdenum disulfide.

education; policy; poverty; aid; development; Africa

This reprint focuses on proteins as critical components of plant cell walls. They contribute not only to the overall architecture of the walls but also to the rearrangement of the cell wall polymers to enable growth, differentiation, and appropriate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus allowing the adaptation of plants to their changing environment. Different experimental approaches are illustrated and the roles of a set of protein families are described. Moreover, new concepts involving the role of cell wall proteins in organ morphogenesis through calcium signaling are discussed.