Open Access Books

Les évènements qui marquent la fin de ce siècle ont replacé la nation au cœur de nos doutes et de nos interrogations. Dans le foisonnement des études consacrées à ce thème, une voie peu explorée restait à prendre, celle des mots et des discours. Comment dit-on la nation, d'un pays à l'autre, en Europe et dans le monde arabe ? Comment dit-on la nation, selon les temps et les époques, de l'Antiquité à nos jours, de la France d'Ancien Régime à celle d'aujourd'hui ? Seule une approche transdisciplinaire pouvait permettre d'embrasser les dimensions multiples de ce champ de recherche. Une vingtaine de spécialistes de lexicologie, d'analyse du discours et de l'argumentation, d'histoire des idées, de politologie et de sciences de l'éducation, procède à l'étude systématique des « mots de la nation » . À partir d'un éventail de textes largement ouvert, les mots sont examinés et comparés dans leurs formes et leurs significations, suivis dans le maquis des réseaux contextuels, replacés dans les interactions, les stratégies, les pratiques et l'histoire. À côté de traits de signification relativement stables, se révèlent les glissements, les fractures, un processus incessant de fuite et de renouvellement du sens. L'on découvre la réalité propre des mots, pris dans une dialectique de la fixité et du mouvement à l'œuvre dans la langue comme dans la vie des communautés humaines.

Sec. 15 GenDG regulates the admissibility of prenatal diagnostic examinations. Whether the legislature fulfills its obligation to protect the unborn with this regulation and creates a proportionate balance to the fundamental rights of pregnant women is the subject of this thesis. This raises the question of the scope of the right not to know and the right of reproductive self-determination, as well as the constitutionality of the Genetic Diagnostics Commission.

This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-​Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured. The book is a translation of the German book Grammatiktheorie, which was published by Stauffenburg in 2010. The following quotes are taken from reviews: With this critical yet fair reflection on various grammatical theories, Müller fills what was a major gap in the literature. Karen Lehmann, Zeitschrift für Rezen­sio­nen zur ger­man­is­tis­chen Sprach­wis­senschaft, 2012 Stefan Müller’s recent introductory textbook, Gram­matik­the­o­rie, is an astonishingly comprehensive and insightful survey for beginning students of the present state of syntactic theory. Wolfgang Sternefeld und Frank Richter, Zeitschrift für Sprach­wissen­schaft, 2012 This is the kind of work that has been sought after for a while [...] The impartial and objective discussion offered by the author is particularly refreshing. Werner Abraham, Germanistik, 2012

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Forest management has evolved from a mercantilist view to a multi-functional one that integrates economic, social, and ecological aspects. However, the issue of sustainability is not yet resolved. Quantitative Techniques in Participatory Forest Management brings together global research in three areas of application: inventory of the forest variables that determine the main environmental indices, description and design of new environmental indices, and the application of sustainability indices for regional implementations. All these quantitative techniques create the basis for the development of scientific methodologies of participatory sustainable forest management.

The present manuscript is intended to be part II of a publication in two volumes, but at the same time it can be seen as an independent, complete study. It deals with the different aspects of the historic architecture in the region of "Semmering" in southern Lower Austria. The book is the result of the FWF-project P 13959, in which one year of research under scientifically direction and supervision of the applicant (Prof. Dr. Mario Schwarz) was dedicated to intensive studies in art history, cultural history and history of architecture of this region. The author Dr. Guenther Buchinger - responsible collaborator of the project - attempted a large-scale research of the historical villas and county-houses at Semmering. The study contains a full, detailed documentation of the history and construction of the buildings and much information about the employers and the building contractors and architects as well. Consequently the author elaborated a comprehensive stylistic analyse. By the way of elucidating the circumstances of the construction of the buildings, it was possible to reconsider the background of the creating of this artificial settlement at Semmering. A certain social group of great influence among the Viennese bourgeoisie appears in this study, which created this recreation resort as a "vacation-paradise", at that time a complete new, futuristic project, motivated by personal and commercial interests likewise. The result, a colony of villas, was used not only for private purpose, but at the same time for tourism, partially in connection with the hotel buildings. In his stylistic analyse Guenther Buchinger gives a convincing proof that the phenomenon, which in general is subsumed as "homeland-style", "vernacular architecture" or "Swiss-cottage-style", in fact is a particular form of historicism between "severe historicism" and "late historicism". In the sense of "severe historicism" patterns of genuine architecture - by preference from publications on historical Swiss architecture - were used and extensively quoted. Consequently the forms and details developed in the style of "late historicism" in free evolution and eventually took into the formal repertory also elements of "Jugendstil". The scientific results of this study are important especially concerning the architects Franz von Neumann and Josef Buendsdorf, whose work has not yet been object of detailed research, but likewise for the general oeuvre of the prominent contractor's bureau Fellner & Helmer, whose theatre-architecture is already well documented in art history, but whose country houses and hotel-buildings are largely unknown. The study partially is designed as a catalogue, which presents each object in detail, and a comprehensive report of the scientific results in a distinct summary and contains numerous photos, plans and comparative illustrations.

This reprint explores the landscape of the Built Environment, an area undergoing transformative shifts in response to contemporary challenges. The collective insights presented stem from a wide array of disciplines, offering forward-looking perspectives on urban climate mitigation, adaptive planning, and the integration of nature-based solutions, reflecting on the imperatives of resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity in urban planning and development in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This issue comprises pioneering visions on how to construct our urban spaces, from site-specific interventions to broader urban infrastructural planning, addressing key themes such as green infrastructure, sustainable communities, and environmental justice while aiming to redefine the Built Environment in terms of property, construction, and open spaces. Through trans-disciplinary contributions from leading experts, this reprint aims to chart a path from the current status quo towards a more equitable, livable, and resilient future, acting as a call to action for urban planners, architects, policymakers, and environmental advocates alike. It encourages a collaborative approach to reshaping our Built Environment, making it an essential read for anyone committed to fostering sustainable, just and healthy cities.

Comment Florence la guelfe, cité industrieuse et commerciale, peut-elle résoudre son problème portuaire en bénéficiant des infrastructures et de la flotte de Pise la gibeline au XIVe siècle ? Dépassant le campanilisme historiographique, cet ouvrage interroge les relations, tour à tour houleuses et cordiales, entre deux villes ennemies sur le plan politique mais aux économies complémentaires. Ne se contentant pas d’une histoire centrée sur les marchands et les compagnies commerciales, ce livre examine le rôle crucial des institutions – en particulier de la nation et des tribunaux marchands – dans la régulation et le dynamisme de l’économie florentine. Les nations marchandes restent mal connues dans le cas florentin. Or, le cas de Pise révèle plusieurs originalités : la certification de la citoyenneté, une direction bicéphale, une loggia dans le palais-même du seigneur. De plus, la connaissance fine des finances de la nation, qui permet de reconstituer le trafic florentin, prouve que la sécurisation des échanges importe davantage que la réduction des coûts. Cette nation est ainsi le prolongement à l’étranger du tribunal de la Mercanzia florentine, amenée à gérer les conflits sur les douanes, les faillites, les représailles et à aplanir les conflits par la voie judiciaire.

"In the winter of 476 A.D. the Ostrogoths, hungry and exhausted from wandering for months along the barren confines of the Byzantine Empire, wrote to Emperor Zeno in Constantinople requesting permission to enter the walled city of Epidaurum and just kinda crash and charge their phones. Closer to home, Orpheus walks Eurydice through a suburban refrigerator as a matter of tax planning. In The Goths & Other Stories, sexual desire, food, space, and anger are distorted; prose fiction, experimental poetry, philosophy, and design theory intersect and breed. The poetics of car accidents, capitalist consumption, and anarchist terrorism unfold at a Southern California car dealership. Readers of all centuries will feel at home in this book. The smell of seafood and speculative urban planning merge into a 1990s computer game, Abidjan has 12,756 streets with no way to go from one to another, an apocalypse of tax law and classical mythology descends upon suburbia and reveals a medieval theology of design, theater, and light. The book’s six stories are set in different times and places – sometimes within the same narrative – but have in common a slippery approach to the boundaries between fiction and theory, between ontological planes, between the comical and the moral. Together they also form a treatise on the nature of writing as a branch of design – one whose medium is easier to reveal than to define."

To integrate the regions of the early Islamic Empire from Central Asia to North Africa, transregional and regional elites of various backgrounds were essential. The papers analyze elite groups, their structures and networks, within selected regions across geographical, religious and social boundaries. While each region seems to be different, certain common patterns of governance and interaction made the largest empire of Late Antiquity work.

Yao Jing Ming’s article deals with a deep reflection on translation problems from Chinese to Portuguese languages, analysing some specifical examples of idiomatic expressions and intertextual aspects concerning a Maria Ondina Braga’s chronicle which has been translated in Chinese language by He Meng in this article.

n Bezug auf das Problem des "rechtswidrigen Rechts" herrschte eine Kontroverse zwischen zwei Schülern Hans Kelsens (1881-1973): Adolf Julius Merkl (1890-1970) und Fritz Sander (1889-1939). Auf dem Spiel stand nicht weniger als die Frage, wer über die Rechtmäßigkeit einer Rechtsentscheidung entscheidet und welche Konsequenzen daraus folgen. Während Merkl der Rechtswissenschaft das Primat zuschrieb, beharrte Sander auf dem Primat des Rechtsverfahrens bzw. der Rechtspraxis. Rodrigo Garcia Cadore bietet eine Polemographie an - eine ideen- und intellektuellgeschichtlich informierte rechts(wissenschafts)theoretische Rekonstruktion einer Polemik, die bislang nicht erschlossenes Archivmaterial nutzt und die Vielfalt der Reinen Rechtslehre(n) durch die Aufdeckung von grundlegend unterschiedlichen Ansichten zum Umgang des Rechts mit "Fehlern" innerhalb der Wiener Schule zum Ausdruck bringt. Somit wird die Reine Rechtslehre durch Wiederentdeckung für die heutige rechtstheoretische Diskussion anschlussfähiger gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Werner-von-Simson-Preis 2022 der Universität Freiburg - für die beste Doktorarbeit auf dem Gebiet des Europarechts und der Staatstheorie - und mit dem Carl-von-Rotteck-Promotionspreis 2022 der Universität Freiburg ausgezeichnet.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

The aim of this reprint is to immerse readers in the latest breakthroughs in rapid nondestructive testing (RNT) technology-based biosensors for food analysis. From electrochemical and colorimetric sensors to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), and hyperspectral imaging (HSI), this collection highlights novel technologies designed to ensure food safety, quality, and authenticity. In this reprint, leading experts in the field share innovative approaches to the real-time, non-invasive detection of contaminants, freshness, and nutritional components, utilizing advanced chemometrics and machine learning algorithms. Together, these studies unlock the potential of RNT biosensors to revolutionize food analysis, offering sustainable, accurate, and efficient solutions for the global food industry. This reprint provides a forward-looking exploration of how biosensor technology is reshaping food safety and quality assurance, paving the way for a more transparent and sustainable food system.

The work entitled "Ancestrality with the Awareness of Ethnicity and Gender in the Cauca Valley" raises topics that are part of the scenarios, challenges, and demands of science, technology, and innovation, from which it is possible to reflect critically and constructively on the training of Afro-descendant and Indigenous girls and adolescents in research, scientific, technological, and innovation skills and abilities, potentially articulated with their ancestral knowledge within these ethnic groups. Among the fields of knowledge from which the current state of education is analyzed are public policies, inclusive education, ethno-education, interculturality, and pedagogical practices and reflections that emerge as determining devices in structuring the education of this group, based on current issues that respond to national needs and commitments.