Open Access Books

This article explores, within a sociological-psychological framework, the problematic moral emotions of spectators evoked by watching the film Das weiße Band (The White Ribbon, Michael Haneke, DE/AT/FR/IT, 2009). As always in Michael Haneke’s films the spectator’s moral system is severely put to the test, upon watching the unimaginable actions people are capable of. At first sight the shown atrocities that remain unpunished seem to cause the spectator’s distress. The real horror, however, lies in the fact the evil occurs within the boundaries of a religious society that hails itself as good and just. The word of God as a moral guide becomes ineffective in this film and in Dogville (Lars von Trier, NL/DK/UK/FR/FI/SE/DE/ IT/NO 2003), a film used as comparison. Both films exemplify that in the end, the most difficult conclusion to process by the spectator is that the worst crime is feeling morally superior and teaching others how to behave. In The White Ribbon this teaching is projected as the punishment that causes the crimes.

Originally published in 1941. This book stresses the transcendental, rather than purely aesthetic, qualities of William Wordsworth's work. It argues that the unusual aspects of Wordsworth's mind are not isolated and did not seem to him fanciful or merely personal; they were, for him, so many paths, difficult to find and harder to follow, yet leading to the great central truth that is the goal of all humankind's loftier strivings.

Why is a woman who fights for gender equality considered a feminist? On the contrary, if a man seeks the same equal rights between the male and the female, why does he not have an “ist” attached to him? “Ist,” like chauvinist or sexist, comes to modify him when he wants to be superior to women, that is, when he feels entitled to gender inequality with him as the prime and privileged sex. These taken-for-granted questions spark debates about the socially and culturally constructed gender hierarchy; they also ignite inquiries, critiques, and discussions about long-held but rarely challenged gender roles across cultures. This book juxtaposes gender roles with gender equality in an in-depth examination of how and why the two clash and, at the same time, re-create one another in confronting and competing ways. The chapter authors, representing a diverse range of disciplines and continents, scrutinize histories, cultures, societies, geopolitics, and ideologies that contour and configure sexism, feminism, and postmodernism. The book takes readers into a deconstructive process that deduces and distills the notion and practice of gender equality from gender roles across time and space.

In Canada, survival from breast cancer has steadily increased since 1989, and breast cancer mortality has decreased by 48%. While 82% of women with breast cancer are diagnosed at stage 1 or 2, there are still 18% who present at a late stage and 25% who develop metastatic disease. Improved survival has been achieved through early diagnosis of breast cancer with screening, allowing for more effective and targeted treatments. This reprint summarizes the latest evidence on the early detection of breast cancer and highlights areas where this may be improved.

Art au même titre que la littérature et la peinture, le cinéma a ses auteurs. La cause est entendue. Les intellectuels s'y intéressent alors qu'ils le méprisaient il y a quelques décennies. Mais le cinéma « populaire » perdure. Il y a toujours un cinéma « de masse », « de grande consommation », où, comme à la belle époque d'Hollywood, l'action et le spectacle restent au premier plan. C'est toujours lui qui a la faveur de ce que l'on appelle le « grand public ». Hiérarchie, clivage même, qui, ravivant des préjugés (« le cinéma est un divertissement d'ilotes », la grande production est une « usine à rêve ») occulte la fonction culturelle du cinéma. Le cinéma de grande consommation n'a jamais été en effet, contrairement à certaines assertions, un opium du peuple ou un divan du pauvre, mais un miroir de la psyché collective. Les grands cinéastes classiques, dont certains étaient déjà des auteurs, savaient, en utilisant les genres et les codes du spectacle, donner corps à l'imaginaire collectif. Et ce sans le ravaler ni le mépriser : ils revisitaient les grands mythes. La sophistication de la production ne doit donc pas nous abuser. Des genres comme la sciencefiction, le fantastique… aidant, les mythes travaillent toujours les récits et les représentations. Quelques ruptures que l'on ait connues, quelque hiérarchie que l'on doive établir entre les œuvres, il y a ici une continuité, un héritage culturel, méconnu par la critique et l'université, que le présent ouvrage se donne pour tâche d'explorer.

The Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an alternative vertebrate animal model for in vitro and in vivo research methodologies. In the last decades, notably due to increased laboratory investigation, novel discoveries, and complete genome sequencing, the zebrafish has attracted great interest from the scientific community. Its exceptional genetic homology to humans and the large number of mutations and diseases that can be reproduced in the make zebrafish an effective research model. This book examines the advantages of using zebrafish in scientific applications.

Approaching global health through a social justice lens, this text explores both established and emerging issues for contemporary health and wellbeing. Divided into two parts, the book introduces key concepts in relation to global public health, such as ethics, economics, health disparities, and globalisation. The second part comprises chapters exploring specific challenges, such as designing and implementing public health interventions, the role of social enterprise, climate change, sustainability and health, oral health, violence, palliative care, mental health, loneliness, nutrition, and embracing diverse genders. These chapters build on, and apply, the theoretical frameworks laid out in part one, linking the substantive content to broader contexts. Taking an inclusive, global approach, this is a key text for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of global health, public health, and medical sociology.

La serie de Doscientos años de narrativa mexicana, cuyo título rinde homenaje al libro pionero de Mariano Azuela Cien años de novela mexicana (1947), pretende ofrecer visiones generales sobre algunos de los escritores que, en el ámbito narrativo, han marcado viarias de las tendencias más trascendentes en nuestros dos siglos como nación autónoma. El segundo volumen, dedicado al siglo XX, contiene veintidós ensayos. Este diálogo contribuirá críticamente a la conmemoración de los doscientos años de vida independiente de nuestro país y del primer siglo de la Revolución mexicana.

The monograph focuses on corpus analysis of texts, exploring the interface between lexical and discursive aspects of pragmatic meaning. As the concept of evaluation is key to understanding how language works, our aim is to shed light on semantic prosody – a traditionally neglected evaluation-related phenomenon in Slovenian linguistics – as shown in some specific areas of applied linguistics, especially lexicography and translation. The locus of this phenomenon, which determines the pragmatic function of a unit of meaning, is in the textual, not the lexical meaning. This poses a challenge to modern lexicography. The introduction is followed by a brief outline of the history of pragmatic research and an analysis of selected lexical units, while in the second part of the book pragmatic aspects of textual and discursive analysis, including evaluation and metaphor, are presented. The importance of semantic prosody for linguistics is confirmed by tradition, as well as by insights in many areas closely related to language and interpretation of meaning, such as digitization and (language) technology, media discourse and policy, or law.

Uncovering a wealth of neglected archival information, this book examines both visual and textual material from the mid-nineteenth century Franklin Search Expeditions to the Arctic, painstakingly tracing their influence on popular imagination. Its surprising findings present a compelling challenge to the still-dominant 'man-versus-nature' trope.

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Romancier à succès dans l’entre-deux-guerres (La Maison dans la dune, Invasion 14, Corps et Âmes...), Prix Goncourt 1936 avec L’Empreinte du Dieu, Maxence Van der Meersch (1907-1951) fut aussi un chroniqueur et nouvelliste recherché dont les textes parurent régulièrement dans la presse entre 1925 et 1950. Marianne, L’Intransigeant, Candide, Le Figaro, Paris-Soir... publièrent ses chroniques et nouvelles, ainsi que les grands titres de la presse du Nord de la France. Articles de commande ou de circonstance, textes d’humeur, voire véritables « manifestes » où l’écrivain, fidèle à ses engagements humanistes, prend position sur différents problèmes de société, un important florilège de cette production se trouve rassemblé dans ces deux volumes qui permettent de nuancer considérablement l’image « réactionnaire » de l’écrivain. Sensible à la souffrance et à la misère des « gens de peu » dont il partagea le sort, révolté par l’inégalité et l’injustice mais aussi par le sort fait aux femmes dans le monde du travail à son époque, il est hanté par les ravages de la guerre dans sa région. La même inspiration anime aussi ses nouvelles, dont certaines constituent les embryons de romans édités ultérieurement, mais aussi inédits ou inachevés (Paternité, Invasion 40...). Van der Meersch y exploite avec une maîtrise accomplie toutes les tonalités du genre, et certaines de ces nouvelles sont dignes d’un Maupassant. Enfin, un long texte inédit, « L’Affaire Jean Boudart », apporte un témoignage exceptionnel sur la « première carrière » de Van der Meersch, qui fut avocat au barreau de Lille, y déployant le même généreux engagement social que dans son œuvre d’écrivain.

Les nanosciences renouvellent notre représentation de la matière. Nanoparticules d’origine biologique ou minérale, nanomatériaux hautement perfectionnés – une myriade d’entre eux fait partie de notre vie courante. Que sait-on réellement réaliser aujourd’hui, pour quels usages et avec quels risques pour la santé et l’environnement ? Du laboratoire de recherche à la vie quotidienne en passant par l’industrie, les défis de fabrication des nanomatériaux et les bénéfices espérés doivent être rigoureusement évalués : leur développement durable, maîtrisé et sécurisé, ne sera possible qu’à ce prix.

Voltaire before the Index and the Holy Office. The censorship records. Voltaire was the author most censured by the Roman congregations of the Holy Office and/or the Index in the 18th century. This book offers a critical edition of the unpublished documents from the 32 proceedings brought against his texts between 1748 and 1804: a summary of the reasons for the condemnation precedes the censor’s report, and reference is made to the edition of Voltaire’s Complete Works (Oxford, Voltaire Foundation) for each passage in question. Exceptional for its massive and unpublished nature, the assembled corpus sheds new light on the pivotal moment that the years 1748-1752 represented in the perception of Voltaire and the French Enlightenment. It illustrates the jurisprudential manner, legally founded but historically out of step, in which Rome attempted to react to the growing jurisdictionalist demands of the Italian and European states, which were supported by the texts of Voltaire and the Enlightenment. Finally, it shows how the men of Rome were overwhelmed by the flow of Voltaire’s libels, and how they were dismayed by the implacable derision of his pen.