Open Access Books

The autonomic nervous system is one of the most important involuntary control mechanisms that primarily controls and modulates the functions of the visceral organs. The book discusses some of the specificities of the autonomic nervous system in terms of dendritic development in the sympathetic compartment, as well as a detailed description of noradrenergic groups and their key role in the modulation of all antinociceptive and autonomic responses elicited by painful or threatening situations. In the book, only those cases are mentioned that are closely related to disorders or changes of function of the autonomic nervous system. This book can evoke interest in many researchers who want to use the information for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of the autonomic regulatory mechanisms.

There exists a variety of industrial applications in local environments, with an increasing demand for low-power and high-precision local positioning solutions based on wireless sensor networks. The focus of developing autonomous and cooperative sensor nodes with localization functionality is on the localization accuracy and range, energy efficiency and the size of the sensor nodes. In this context special attention is paid to the sensor digital signal processing, where the main task is to perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In this work the design of the radix-4 DIF FFT algorithm and its optimization with respect to hardware implementation for low-power local positioning systems is introduced. Furthermore, an area-efficient digital implementation of a baseband processing core for autonomous wireless sensor nodes with localization functionality is presented. The challenge for designing the digital system was to reduce memory requirements towards a low cost hardware design in general, and particularly for an ASIC design. Reducing chip area implies lower energy consumption and helps saving implementation and production costs. The presented novel baseband processing system concept has been implemented and verified on an FPGA. For the application scenario of a two-sweep-measurement system, an ASIC layout is designed based on the IBM 130 nm CMOS technology.

Neben der ausführlichen Einführung in das Rahmenthema ‚Gedächtnis‘ finden sich hier die Druckversionen der fünf Vorträge, die die Erlanger Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Prof. Dr. Yesim Erim, PD. Dr. Sven Grampp, Prof. Dr. Frieder R. Lang, Dr. Michael Schwarz und PD Dr. Gerd Sebald im Rahmen der Erlanger Universitätstage 2021 gehalten haben. Aus den Perspektiven der Psychosomatik/Psychotherapie, der Medienwissenschaft, der Psychogerontologie, der Neurologie und der Soziologie gelang es den Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern, dem Thema neue spannende Aspekte abzugewinnen. Trotz des hohen intellektuellen Niveaus dieser Vorträge bleiben sie für ein breites Publikum verständlich.

The Learning Engineering Toolkit is a practical guide to the rich and varied applications of learning engineering, a rigorous and fast-emerging discipline that synthesizes the learning sciences, instructional design, engineering design, and other methodologies to support learners. As learning engineering becomes an increasingly formalized discipline and practice, new insights and tools are needed to help education, training, design, and data analytics professionals iteratively develop, test, and improve complex systems for engaging and effective learning. Written in a colloquial style and full of collaborative, actionable strategies, this book explores the essential foundations, approaches, and real-world challenges inherent to ensuring participatory, data-driven, learning experiences across populations and contexts.

The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.

The aim of this article is to analyse the infrastructural investments made by the Franks to pacify Saxony, and to secure the control of the Elbe River territories. I will mostly use the written sources of the Carolingian era that described, in various forms, the construction of new infrastructures and the conquest of the enemies’. I will also utilize the archaeological data, so as to be able to confirm the accounts of the written sources. Through this analysis I will highlight the central authority’s constant effort to control, protect and rule the newly conquered territories of Saxony and the Elbe.

This is a chapter from The Criminal Act: The Role and Influence of Routine Activity Theory edited by Martin A. Andresen and Graham Farrell. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. Target suitability is a cornerstone of Marcus Felson's routine activities approach, and critical in determining crime rates. Recent research identifies reduced target suitability, via improved security, as central to the 'crime drop' experienced in many countries. Studies in different countries show car theft fell with far more and better vehicle security. Yet increases in household security were more modest and do not track burglary's decrease as well. In this chapter, the authors explain that apparent anomaly as due more to an improvement in the quality of household security leading to reduced burglary. It is further suggested that improvements to home insulation in the UK that brought double glazing may have, somewhat inadvertently, introduced better frames and locks for doors and windows, that in turn reduced household burglary.; This is a chapter from The Criminal Act: The Role and Influence of Routine Activity Theory edited by Martin A. Andresen and Graham Farrell. This chapter is available open access under a CC BY license. Target suitability is a cornerstone of Marcus Felson's routine activities approach, and critical in determining crime rates. Recent research identifies reduced target suitability, via improved security, as central to the 'crime drop' experienced in many countries. Studies in different countries show car theft fell with far more and better vehicle security. Yet increases in household security were more modest and do not track burglary's decrease as well. In this chapter, the authors explain that apparent anomaly as due more to an improvement in the quality of household security leading to reduced burglary. It is further suggested that improvements to home insulation in the UK that brought double glazing may have, somewhat inadvertently, introduced better frames and locks for doors and windows, that in turn reduced household burglary.

Chlorophyll, a green pigment present in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is a significant biomolecule essential to photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light into energy. This book provides a comprehensive and easy-to-understand source of information on the latest developments in chlorophyll research. It is a collection of contributions from leading specialists in the subject. Topics discussed include the medicinal uses of chlorophyll, the electronic structure of chlorophyll monomers and oligomers, and chlorophyll estimate from fluorescence vertical profiles in the ocean.

« L'Algérie occupe dans le panorama de la préhistoire mondiale une place de premier plan. Le nombre, la qualité de ses gisements, du plus ancien Paléolithique jusqu'à la protohistoire, lui confèrent une position d'exception. Par la diversité de son espace géographique, elle est impliquée dans la plupart des grands problèmes qui concernent l'humanité ancienne : émergence d'industries archaïques sur galets, extension d'Homo erectus puis d'Homo sapiens, rôle du continent africain dans le processus d'accès. L'économie productrice, longue durée et richesse d'un art rupestre multiforme, interactions entre les cultures de tradition orale et les premières civilisations historiques. Devenue plus discrète dans les débats internationaux, l'Algérie n'en a pas moins poursuivi son chemin sur la quête des origines. Aussi l'exhortons-nous à prendre dans le concert de la recherche la place qu'elle mérite et que la communauté scientifique attend d'elle. Dans la perspective de cette mutation que nous souhaitons proche, Ginette Aumassip nous livre ici même un état des questions, une utile mise au point qui permet de mesurer le parcours effectué. Par la recherche algérienne depuis notamment trois. Quatre décennies. Seul ce chercheur, par sa connaissance approfondie de la préhistoire maghrébine et saharienne, par un ancrage au terrain jamais abandonné. Par un contact permanent avec les acteurs actuels de la recherche, était à même de brosser une fresque couvrant près de deux millions d'années et concernant un pays étalé des rivages méditerranéens jusqu'au cœur du Sahara. » Jean Guilaine

Análisis de la relación entre algunos factores económicos, sociales, culturales y demográficos en países industrializados y en vía de desarrollo, para esclarecer los cambios ocurridos en el comportamiento de la fecundidad y la mortalidad y, en consecuencia, de las tendencias demográficas actuales.

Paper, milk, clouds and white paint share a common property: they are opaque disordered media through which light scatters randomly rather than propagating in a straight path. For very thick and turbid media, indeed, light eventually propagates in a ‘diffusive’ way, i.e. similarly to how tea infuses through hot water. Frequently though, a material is neither perfectly opaque nor transparent and the simple diffusion model does not hold. In this work, we developed a novel optical-gating setup that allowed us to observe light transport in scattering media with sub-ps time resolution. An array of unexplored aspects of light propagation emerged from this spatio-temporal description, unveiling transport regimes that were previously inaccessibile due to the extreme time scales involved and the lack of analytical models.

This book is intended for dermatologists, skin surgeons, and general practitioners who are interested in skin surgery and cosmetic procedures. The topics of broad and current interest in shaping the practice nowadays have been selected by the editor, Dr. Pierre Vereecken, MD, PhD, allowing the reader to expand his/her skills and surgical techniques. This book aims to meet the need for a practical guide to help the clinicians to extend their offer in daily practice in dermatology and corrective and skin cancer surgery.

This Special Issue is related to studies of the hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition. It is based on five research papers and two reviews. The reviews discuss the liquid phase formic acid decomposition over bimetallic (PdAg), molecular (Ru, Ir, Fe, Co), and heterogenized molecular catalysts. The gas-phase reaction is studied over highly dispersed Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, and Ni supported catalysts. It is shown that the nature of the catalyst’s support plays an important role for the reaction. Thus, N-doping of the carbon support provides a significant promotional effect. One of the reasons for the high activity of the N-doped catalysts is the formation of single-atom active sites stabilized by pyridinic N species present in the support. It is demonstrated that carbon materials can be N-doped in different ways. It can be performed either directly from N-containing compounds during the carbon synthesis or by a post-synthetic deposition of N-containing compounds on the carbon support with known properties. The Issue could be useful for specialists in catalysis and nanomaterials as well as for graduate students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. The reported results can be applied for development of catalysts for the hydrogen production from different liquid organic hydrogen carriers.

Le Belize, territoire issu d’une colonisation britannique tardive en Amérique centrale, multiplie les spécificités. L’ouvrage aborde les fondements territoriaux de l’ordre colonial sous deux angles complémentaires qui, ensemble, éclairent les comportements des acteurs et leurs diversités : d’une part, la construction juridique et administrative de la propriété et, d’autre part, les différents régimes d’appropriation (de colonisation, entrepreneurial, ethnique) qui ont présidé à la mise en place des hiérarchies sociales, économiques, ethniques et raciales, dont beaucoup perdurent aujourd’hui.

This Postlude or Epilogue works as a summary of the issues insights and opens a new perspective at the end.