Open Access Books

In the perioperative setting and in intensive care medicine, early and effective hemodynamic management including fluid therapy and administration of vasoactive drugs to maintain vital organ perfusion and oxygen delivery is mandatory. Understanding the different approaches in the management of critically ill patients during the resuscitation and further management is essential to initiate adequate context- and time-specific interventions. Optimization of hemodynamic variables to achieve a balance between organ oxygen delivery and consumption is a cornerstone. In general, cardiac output (i.e., the blood flow) is considered a major determinant of oxygen supply and thus its monitoring is regarded helpful. However, indicators of oxygen requirements are equally necessary to assess adequacy of oxygen supply. Currently, more and more less or even totally non-invasive monitoring systems have been developed and clinically introduced, but they require validation in particular clinical settings. Cardiac output monitors and surrogates of organ oxygenation only enable to adequately guide management, as patient’s outcome is determined by acquisition and interpretation of accurate measurements, and finally, suitable management decisions. This Research Topic focuses on the currently available techniques, especially the less and non-invasive ones, in the field of hemodynamic monitoring in the perioperative setting and in critically ill patients while summarizing their advantages and limitations.

Recent epidemiological studies have reported consistent relationships between psychological factors, including personality, and health outcomes among different age groups. In this context, personality refers to the psychological qualities that contribute to an individual's enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking, and behaving. The relationships between personality and longevity, chronic disease, cognitive decline, mental health, physical fitness, and subjective well-being have already been clarified. However, there are some health outcomes in which personality is considered to play an important role (e.g., social isolation, caregiving burden, coping skills for stressful life events, and frailty), but the detailed pathway involved remains unclear. This Topic aims to contribute to the knowledge base on the relationship between individual psychological factors (including personality) and health and well-being, in addition to elucidating the mechanisms underlying these relationships (e.g., mediation processes and moderating effects), by presenting research investigating the relationships between personality, health, and well-being among different age groups (including children and adolescents, adults, and older adults) and in various contexts (e.g., in the community, at home, and at school).

Published

Starting from the most interesting papers presented at CUBANNI 2017, the First International Meeting of the Cuban Network of Neuroimmunology, this eBook covers the most up-to-date findings on neuroimmunology research. The topics of the selected papers range from clinical to pre-clinical models, as well as in vitro basic research. Scientific areas covered are autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and seizures, with emphasis on epigenetics and experimental models. Neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity, and neurodegenerative processes, biomarker discovery, and the molecular pathways involved are proposed. Additionally as one of the most current and relevant topics published, Tamara da Silva Vaccaro et al proved relevant results on “Alterations in the MicroRNA and their effects on Epigenetic Regulation and Potential Biomarkers in ASD” and Lázaro Gómez et al also published interesting results on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

In Frankreich, Burgund, dem spätmittelalterlichen Reich, Kastilien, Katalonien und Städten wie Florenz gab es enge Verbindungen zwischen Friedenssicherung und effektiver Verteidigungsorganisation. Seit einigen Jahren stehen die Wahrung des Friedens, Friedensverhandlungen und -diskurse, gerichtliche und außergerichtliche Regelung und Austragung von Konflikten, Rache, guerres privées, Fehden, Städte- und Landfriedensbünde, Hermandades, aber auch städtische Parteikämpfe im Mittelpunkt zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Studien. Die vorgelegten Beiträge präsentieren Ergebnisse neuerer, aus unterschiedlichen historiografischen Traditionen hervorgegangener Forschungen.

Esta publicación presenta siete investigaciones sobre los procesos de sometimiento e incorporación de los pueblos originarios de las regiones patagónica, pampeana y chaqueña por parte del Estado argentino. Los autores discuten sobre conceptos centrales como los de genocidio, terrorismo y violencia de Estado. No obstante, abordan al mismo tiempo la participación de la sociedad civil en la concentración, la deportación y la distribución de indígenas, así como la acción de los mismos pueblos originarios en dichos procesos. En este último sentido, el carácter etnográfico de las investigaciones posibilita la recuperación de la memoria social silenciada en las narrativas nacionalistas y da entidad individual al proceso histórico.

Alexandrie au IIIe siècle avant J.-C., une ville nouvelle dans un monde nouveau : depuis les conquêtes d’Alexandre, la culture grecque s’étend et se diversifie. Alexandrie et sa Bibliothèque : un centre intellectuel sans précédent où les poètes sont aussi astronomes, grammairiens, mathématiciens. La littérature qui naît dans ce contexte est bien sûr à l’image de ce renouvellement et de cette ouverture culturelle. C’est ce que montre ici Christophe Cusset à travers l’étude de la réécriture chez les poètes alexandrins. Ces poètes – Callimaque, Théocrite, Apollonios de Rhodes notamment – créent une nouvelle poésie en étroite continuité avec la littérature grecque des siècles passés. Comment allient-ils l’ancien et le nouveau ? Que reprennent-ils à Homère ou à Pindare ? Comment lisent-ils et comment comprennent-ils ces textes désormais classiques ? À la lumière de la critique littéraire moderne, cette étude s’attache à éclaircir les données de l’esthétique alexandrine en mesurant au plus juste, soit sur des points techniques précis, soit dans une lecture plus large, la part de l’érudition et la place du jeu poétique dans une intertextualité toujours en effervescence et ambiguë.

Die freie Verfügbarkeit dieser E-Book-Ausgabe auf Basis einer CC BY 4.0-Lizenz wurde ermöglicht durch die ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft.

À l’inverse de celui des châteaux, des cathédrales et des villes, le monde rural du Moyen Âge ne suscite guère d’image en nous. Bien que regroupant plus de 80 % de la population et affairé à produire nourriture, cuir, laine ou bois si nécessaires à tous, il reste encore très mal connu. Et pour cause : les textes sont presque muets sur ces humbles, et les données concrètes sur leur cadre de vie font largement défaut, en particulier pour ces âges que l’on dit encore volontiers obscurs, entre les Grandes Invasions et l’an mil ! Lacune qui tend aujourd’hui à se combler : les opérations archéologiques préventives suscitées ces vingt dernières années dans la plaine du Lyonnais, la Bresse lyonnaise ou le Dauphiné septentrional par les grands travaux (TGV, autoroutes, zones d’aménagement concerté, etc.) ont livré quantité d’informations, aussi bien sur l’habitat, l’alimentation, l’outillage ou les pratiques agricoles de ces paysans que sur l’évolution de leur mode de vie ou les transformations de leur environnement. Voici désormais accessible cette documentation considérable restée jusque-là en grande partie inédite. Sous la direction d’Élise Faure-Boucharlat, à qui l’on doit déjà Pots et potiers en Rhône- Alpes, l’équipe de publication rassemble une vingtaine de personnes qui ont contribué à restituer les divers aspects de la vie matérielle des populations paysannes. Afin d’ouvrir des perspectives d’interprétation historique, l’ouvrage repose sur une double démarche : présenter ces données archéologiques de façon relativement détaillée et les replacer dans une perspective élargie, sous forme de synthèse thématique. Sur les questions encore en débat, il a paru intéressant d’exposer la diversité des points de vue. Ainsi sont abordés aussi bien l’héritage antique - rupture ou continuité ? - le cadre et l’évolution du peuplement, que la révision des critères traditionnels de datation du haut Moyen Âge ou la part respective du bois et de la pierre dans la construction rurale.

The continuing AIDS pandemic reminds us that despite the unrelenting quest for knowledge since the early 1980s, we have much to learn about HIV and AIDS. This terrible syndrome represents one of the greatest challenges for science and medicine. The purpose of this book is to aid clinicians, provide a source of inspiration for researchers, and serve as a guide for graduate students in their continued search for a cure of HIV. The first part of this book, "From the laboratory to the clinic," and the second part, "From the clinic to the patients," represent the unique but intertwined mission of this work: to provide basic and clinical knowledge on HIV/AIDS.

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the subject of cultural expertise, addressing its theoretical developments, ethical debates, regulatory frameworks, and practices. Elaborating the theory and practice of cultural expertise as it crosscuts legal systems and disciplinary boundaries, the book offers a thorough understanding of the scope, application, and impact of cultural expertise in various socio-legal contexts. The book offers theoretical and practical tools to those with academic or professional interests in cultural expertise, detailing its scope, application, and impact. Throughout, cultural expertise is positioned as a vital interdisciplinary concept, bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical solutions for complex social problems that transcend jurisdictional boundaries, legal fields, and disciplinary categories. This book will appeal to academics and students in the areas of the socio-legal studies, international and comparative law, and cultural anthropology, as well as members of the legal professions and policy-makers who engage with the analysis of laws and cultures.

Digital conglomerates probably pose the greatest challenge for competition law in the digital economy, as they often have cross-market behavioural scope within digital ecosystems. The work analyses in particular Section 19a (1) of the German Act against Restraints of Competition (GWB) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) as special approaches to capture digital conglomerate behavioural scope. In order to enable a more effective control, various proposals for adapting competition law are made.

Women Who Stay Behind examines the social, educational, and cultural resources rural Mexican women employ to creatively survive the conditions created by the migration of loved ones. Using narrative, research, and theory, Ruth Trinidad Galván presents a hopeful picture of what is traditionally viewed as the abject circumstances of poor and working-class people in Mexico who are forced to migrate to survive.

Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this book uncovers the historical trajectory of U.S. independent hip-hop in the post-golden era, seeking to understand its complex relationship to mainstream hip-hop culture and U.S. culture more generally. Christopher Vito analyzes the lyrics of indie hip-hop albums from 2000-2013 to uncover the dominant ideologies of independent artists regarding race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and social change. These analyses inform interviews with members of the indie hip-hop community to explore the meanings that they associate with the culture today, how technological and media changes impact the boundaries between independent and major, and whether and how this shapes their engagement with oppositional consciousness. Ultimately, this book aims to understand the complex and contradictory cultural politics of independent hip-hop in the contemporary age.

Frank Ankersmit tells historians of their mission: “You can approximate objectivity only as long as you sincerely despair of approximating it.” It follows that it is incumbent upon anyone who represents the past to enter that struggle. Whether by keyboard or camera, historians who do not probe and question their suppositions may seek to represent the past, but they do not make history. A prime question for historiophoty is to ask what this struggle looks and sounds like projected off the page. This chapter considers the cinepoetics of historical objectivity through a model of moving images that rewinds the clock to the emergence of film on screens and traces a new path for cinema through to a digital reimagining of what Tom Gunning calls the “cinema of attractions.” It explores the documentary methods of narration and reenactment in Sam Green’s Live Documentary practice and analyzes the methods by which filmmakers become cine-historians through articulating the historians’ dilemma by audiovisual means in the creation of moving history of shared experience and public spectacle.