Open Access Books

Men from business are overrepresented in local politics in the United States. The authors propose a theory of gendered occupations and ambition: the jobs people hold—and the gender composition of those jobs-shape political ambition and candidate success. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Digital Repertoires explores the intersection between ageing and technology, presenting the concept of 'digital repertoire' as a powerful tool for researchers across disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, gerontology, public policy, communication studies and design. This book offers new theoretical and empirical insights, and highlights the diverse ways in which older adults engage with digital technologies across five continents. With studies from Australia, Brazil, Finland, Japan, the Philippines and Sweden, the book provides a global and cross-cultural analysis on a pressing issue. The notion of the digital repertoire has broad appeal, making this book relevant not only to scholars and practitioners focused on ageing but to anyone interested in the heterogeneity of digital technology use across different age groups and cultural contexts. With a balanced approach that combines conceptual, theoretical and empirical perspectives, this volume is an essential resource for teaching, research and practice in the ever-evolving field of digital technology studies, as well as the development of technology for older adults.

Nature Conservation; Environmental Management; Biodiversity; Landscape Ecology; Applied Ecology

The General Command of the Armed Forces of Colombia, through its Ayacucho Plan 2023–2026 Strategic Planning Guide, establishes that our country is currently facing social, cultural, economic, and security realities that require all entities to formulate planning strategies and enhance inter-organizational coordination to comprehensively address the needs of civil society. These needs stem from poverty, inequality, climate change, the risks of natural disasters, and the proliferation of criminal structures created by organized armed groups (OAG), which are high-impact criminal organizations that threaten national defense and security in all dimensions and may hinder the protection of national interests. In alignment with this approach, the Escuela Superior de Guerra "General Rafael Reyes Prieto" (ESDEG) presents the book "Human Security and Homeland Building in Defense of Life" in three volumes that cover the seven dimensions of this crucial subject. This aims to contribute to academic discussion and explore strategic fields that ensure the integration of national security and human security, recognizing the human person as the central focus and protecting all individuals from any threats to their lives.

This book, Green Nanotechnology - Overview and Further Prospects, is intended to provide an overview and practical examples of the use of nanomaterials in the new scientific challenges of the green nanotechnology world. We aimed to compile information from a diversity of sources into a single volume to give some real examples, extending the concept that green nanotechnology is far from being a scientific conundrum, and instead a real answer to some of the actual problems the whole planet is dealing with.

This open access book provides insight on how the tactical urbanism has the capacity to influence change in mobility practices such as cycling. COVID-19 crisis prompted the public authorities to rethink the use of public space in order to develop means of transport that are both efficient and adapted to the health context and their effects on cycling practices in Europe, North, and South America. Its contributors collectively reveal and evidence through policies analysis, mapping, and innovative qualitative analysis bridging video and interviews, how those new infrastructures and policies can be a trigger for change in a context of mobility transition. This book provides an important element on the way local authorities can act in a quicker and more agile way. While some decisions are specific to the context of the beginning of the pandemic, the analysis offers lessons on the way to implement the transition toward a low-carbon mobility, on the importance of processes based on trials and errors, on the political stakes of reallocating road space.

This is an open access book. Europe faces significant challenges in the coming decades: geopolitical, demographic, technological, increased competition, climate-related, and health issues due to an aging population, to mention a few. Given these challenges, technological progress and new ways of handling complex issues will be key to continued prosperity and growth. To accomplish a growth process driven by innovation and entrepreneurship, the institutional environment must take into account a multitude of different policy areas that interact to either strengthen or weaken an economy's innovative potential. Innovation is not only about R&D and higher education but is also intimately related to entrepreneurship. Similarly, entrepreneurship is not only about low start-up costs and favorable tax rates. Hence, a consistent and coordinated policy environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship is required to translate innovation into high-growth firms and macro-level growth. This book presents the basic cornerstones required to provide a policy regime that can nurture such dynamics. The authors draw extensively on empirical analysis of the development of the Swedish economy, which has been transformed from a so-called "sclerosis" state in the 1980s until the early 1990s to an economy characterized by successful entrepreneurship and innovation. This transformation resulted from a reform agenda that has been gradually rolled out, beginning in the mid-1980s. The authors argue that the Swedish experience provides useful lessons for other nations as well.

What qualifications determine whether a fighter pilot is experienced? Surveys of expert pilots revealed that, while flying time is an element of the experience needed for both combat and staff jobs, other things are also important. The Air Force needs to measure and credit different types of experience-including time spent in advanced simulator systems-when revising its definitions of pilot experience.

En 1930, quelques années après avoir publié ses Souvenirs de la Cour d'assises, André Gide suggérait que la punition devrait tenir compte de la personnalité des criminels. Comment punir quelqu'un que l'on ne connaît pas ?, se demandait-t-il, ajoutant qu'« il est, sur la carte de l'âme humaine, bien des régions inexplorées ». Régulièrement, avec plus ou moins d'intensité, le droit de punir a été et reste l'objet de réflexions, de controverses, de propositions de loi, de demandes de réformes. Les débats sont tantôt vifs et profonds et semblent concerner le plus grand nombre, tantôt ils s'appauvrissent et restent réservés aux « spécialistes » qui dans des manuels ou des ouvrages d'histoire du droit pénal présentent ce dernier comme le droit de réprimer ou de sanctionner les auteurs d'infractions. Mais quel sens faut-il donner à la peine si elle n'est pas accompagnée d'autres mesures ? Est-elle une sorte d'horizon d'attente, une fiction des sociétés contemporaines qu'il faut bien entretenir ? Ne faut-il pas « remettre à plat » la justice pénale et se demander si après avoir puni il est possible de guérir ou de rendre un citoyen à la société ? La « pénalité » doit conserver son utilité écrivent les uns et les autres. Mais faut-il punir le crime ou plutôt les criminels ? Faut-il punir de la même manière les enfants, les fous et les récidivistes ? Que doit-on faire à l'époque de l'Empire français dans les colonies ? Ne conviendrait-il pas de se demander à nouveau pourquoi punir ? et de réfléchir à l'efficacité de la justice répressive ? La justice d'expiation et la « rédemption du coupable » ne suffisent pas, la peine est devenue aussi un enjeu symbolique et un moyen de communication, voire une « arme pénale ». Deux siècles après le Code pénal de 1810, une réflexion sur l'histoire du droit de punir et son actualité s'imposait, mais il fallait multiplier les approches disciplinaires, car le droit de punir ne relève pas seulement de considérations abstraites ou de joutes philosophiques. La pragmatique de la punition mérite aussi d'être examinée. Trois entrées ont donc été retenues (le droit de punir en question, connaître et pardonner, sanctionner les déviants) à partir du siècle des Lumières jusqu'à nos jours. Nul doute que l'histoire de la « punissabilité » permet de penser et de comprendre les sociétés du passé comme celle d'aujourd'hui.

Galileo's dictum that the book of nature "is written in the language of mathematics" is emblematic of the accepted view that the scientific revolution hinged on the conceptual and methodological integration of mathematics and natural philosophy. Although the mathematization of nature is a distinctive and crucial feature of the emergence of modern science in the seventeenth century, this volume shows that it was a far more complex, contested, and context-dependent phenomenon than the received historiography has indicated, and that philosophical controversies about the implications of mathematization cannot be understood in isolation from broader social developments related to the status and practice of mathematics in various commercial, political, and academic institutions. Contributors: Roger Ariew, U of South Florida; Richard T. W. Arthur, McMaster U; Lesley B. Cormack, U of Alberta; Daniel Garber, Princeton U; Ursula Goldenbaum, Emory U; Dana Jalobeanu, U of Bucharest; Douglas Jesseph, U of South Florida; Carla Rita Palmerino, Radboud U, Nijmegen and Open U of the Netherlands; Eileen Reeves, Princeton U; Christopher Smeenk, Western U; Justin E. H. Smith, U of Paris 7; Kurt Smith, Bloomsburg U of Pennsylvania.

Hilde Domins (1909-2006) Gedichte greifen Leid, Trost und Heimat, Zeugnis und Erinnerung auf. Die Analysen dieses Buches arbeiten heraus, wie dabei die Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten des Sprechens nach dem nationalsozialistischen Massenmord verhandelt werden. Damit wird nicht nur eine neue Perspektive auf das kaum erforschte Werk der deutsch-jüdischen Remigrantin eröffnet, sondern auch auf den Diskurs um Lyrik nach Auschwitz. Die Studie bezieht Domins poetologische Essays mit ein und belegt, dass die zeitkritische Relevanz der Gedichte ebenso im Engagement der Autorin wie in ihren wirkungsästhetischen Prämissen gründet: im »Dennoch jedes Buchstabens«.

The eight articles proposed in this Special Issue cover various aspects of energy efficiency and thermal comfort optimization, such as simulation, control, multi-objective optimization, and decision making. First, there are two review papers, which deal with overheating and guidelines embedded in international standards and national building codes, and building performance optimization through the benefits of retrofits, respectively. Then, different control and optimization strategies are developed and discussed in the following four articles. In the first, a multi-objective optimization design method of a university student center based on low energy consumption and thermal comfort is conducted. In the second paper, a decision-making methodology for building thermal design, considering the optimal selection and operation of multi-energy systems focused on renewable energy, is created. The third article is dedicated to the optimization of a hydronic system in a commercial building by using predictive control with limited data. The content of the fourth article describes the development of a smart thermostat with validation thanks to a surrogate model of a climatic chamber. The last two articles of this Special Issue deal with indoor environmental quality (IEQ). To this end, the concentration of CO2 in a working area with a gas infrared heater and an air-exchange system was studied. Lastly, the effects of exterior glazing on thermal comfort in office buildings were investigated.

Qu'est-ce qui nous attire ailleurs ? Pourquoi ne pas rester sur place? Il n'y a pas une réponse unique à ces questions, et il fallait le concours de chercheurs issus de toutes les disciplines pour manifester, chacun à partir de son domaine propre, les motivations multiples de ces appels vers d'autres lieux, et la mobilisation des énergies pour y correspondre. L'analyse de ces facteurs, qui ont varié à travers le temps et les lieux, fait apparaître aussi bien des portraits de voyageurs, que les modalités multiples d'organisation de ces (souvent périlleuses) entreprises, que la variété des itinéraires, ou encore, et c'est important, les conditions de mobilité qui ont permis ces déplacements. C'est dire qu'on trouvera dans ce volume à la fois les conditions de possibilité théoriques et pratiques du voyage, envisagé en ses dimensions multiples, aussi bien géographiques que sociologiques, juridiques ou religieuses.

This open access book shows the factors linking information flow, social intelligence, rights management and modelling with epistemic democracy, offering licensed linked data along with information about the rights involved. This model of democracy for the web of data brings new challenges for the social organisation of knowledge, collective innovation, and the coordination of actions. Licensed linked data, licensed linguistic linked data, right expression languages, semantic web regulatory models, electronic institutions, artificial socio-cognitive systems are examples of regulatory and institutional design (regulations by design). The web has been massively populated with both data and services, and semantically structured data, the linked data cloud, facilitates and fosters human-machine interaction. Linked data aims to create ecosystems to make it possible to browse, discover, exploit and reuse data sets for applications. Rights Expression Languages semi-automatically regulate the use and reuse of content. ; Links information flow, social intelligence, rights management, and modelling with epistemic democracy Presents examples of regulatory and institutional design