Open Access Books

Der Einsatz von Neodym-Eisen-Bor (NdFeB)-Magneten in elektrischen Maschinen ermöglicht die Realisierung von leistungsfähigen Windkraftgeneratoren oder Antrieben moderner Elektrofahrzeuge mit hohem Wirkungsgrad und legt damit die Grundlage für die Energie- und Mobilitätswende. Aber auch in Lautsprechern, Smartphones oder Sensoren dient NdFeB dazu, die Funktionsfähigkeit der Applikation bei minimalem Bauraum zu gewährleisten. Die Herstellung von leistungsfähigen NdFeB-Magneten erfolgt industriell in pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren wie dem Sintern oder kunststoffgebunden. Dabei ist die Formgebung der Magnete mit Blick auf die Entformbarkeit eingeschränkt und die Produktion mit hohem zeitlichen Vorlauf für die Werkzeugherstellung verbunden. Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt als alternatives Fertigungsverfahren das Laserstrahlschmelzen von Metallen im Pulverbett (PBF-LB/M), in dem die Magnete werkzeuglos und mit sehr hoher geometrischer Gestaltungsfreiheit direkt aus Pulvermaterial hergestellt werden können. Durch die erzielten Ergebnisse ist es bereits heute möglich, die magnetischen Eigenschaften bestimmter kunststoffgebundener NdFeB-Magneten auch durch additive Verfahren darzustellen. Die Forschungsergebnisse tragen darüber hinaus zur Erweiterung der geometrischen Gestaltungsfreiheit additiver Fertigungsverfahren um eine magnetische Dimension bei. Damit werden Entwickler magnetischer Kreise dazu befähigt, vollständig neue und nicht durch die Gestaltungsrichtlinien bestehender Fertigungsprozesse eingeschränkte Designvarianten zu konzipieren und innerhalb kürzester Zeit in die Realität umzusetzen. Durch die im PBF-LB/M darstellbare kurzfristige Verfügbarkeit von NdFeB-Magneten kann der Zeitpunkt im Produktentstehungszyklus, an dem die Magnetgeometrie fixiert und keine Änderungen mehr möglich sind, auf einen späten Zeitpunkt verlegt werden. Dadurch kann auf kurzfristige Änderungen an die Anforderungen der Laufeigenschaften der Maschine reagiert oder Toleranzen im Magnetkreis kompensiert werden.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

This Special Issue of “Applications of SERS” for Nanomaterials is a collection of articles which is representative of much of the current research being undertaken in the field of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS is a fascinating, multidisciplinary field of scientific study which combines elements from chemistry, physics, material science, and engineering. Essentially, SERS is a molecular spectroscopy technique by which a measurable Raman signal for molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces is generated through the interaction of laser light, absorbed molecules, and structured nanomaterial surfaces. This Special Issue contains an article regarding the fabrication of metal nanostructured Ag-Cu chips for SERS chemical analysis and ] the electromagnetic properties of Ag, Au, and Al nano-tips for use in the SERS imaging technique for tip-enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS). In another article, SERS spectra were simulated using density Functional Theory (DFT/TD-DFT) for the N3 dye molecule on a TiO2 nanocluster, which can be compared to experimental SERS spectra found in studies of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). In two other articles, the SERS photoinduced charge-transfer mechanism was studied experimentally in wide-bandgap semiconductors regarding molecules on ZrO2 and a composite system with molecules that linked Au nanorods and a CuO2 shell. An example of the use of SERS in solid-state physics is shown in an article which examined the effect of oxygen vacancy defects in MO3 on the SERS mechanism. Finally, this Special Issue contains two noteworthy examples of SERS applications for biochemical and chemical analysis. One paper addresses the detection of the COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using SERS, and the other examines a SERS assay of the notorious herbicide glyphosate. In these papers, nanomaterials all served as the enhancing substrate, while some acted as the physical–chemical system which was being investigated.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a key part of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, have become increasingly important in recent years, owing to their potential impact on building a more sustainable future. Compared with other batteries developed, LIBs offer high energy density, high discharge power, and a long service life. These characteristics have facilitated a remarkable advance of LIBs in many frontiers, including electric vehicles, portable and flexible electronics, and stationary applications. Since the field of LIBs is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is necessary to often provide the community with the latest updates. Therefore, this book was designed to focus on updating the electrochemical community with the latest advances and prospects on various aspects of LIBs. The materials presented in this book cover advances in several fronts of the technology, ranging from detailed fundamental studies of the electrochemical cell to investigations to better improve parameters related to battery packs.

O foco deste estudo é a doença falciforme, à luz das histórias de pessoas portadoras dessa patologia. Em 21 capítulos, os autores investigam e analisam as repercussões da doença, tanto as resultantes do corpo em transformação e adaptação contínua, com grande sofrimento físico, quanto as provenientes da invisibilidade dos sintomas. A medicina já conhece há mais de um século a doença falciforme, que se caracteriza por uma alteração anatômica nos glóbulos vermelhos. Com isso, fica prejudicado o transporte de oxigênio. Daí a anemia. Crises de dores são causadas pela obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo. A importância deste livro reside nas informações que presta a respeito dessa doença, o que constitui uma ajuda valiosa aos pacientes, familiares, prestadores de serviços e cuidados.

Os textos apresentados neste livro estão orientados por três eixos os quais lhes dão sentido prático, social: a) aspectos teórico-metodológicos nos projetos de desenvolvimento profissional do docente; b) projetos de parcerias no desenvolvimento de capacidades pedagógicas de professores; c) ampliação de conhecimento sobre práticas pedagógicas. A intenção dos seus autores é mobilizar os leitores a aprofundarem o conhecimento do impacto da formação inicial e contínua sobre a constituição da epistemologia da prática docente, de forma a ressignificar as concepções teórico-metodológicas relacionadas às séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, provocar uma reflexão sobre a pesquisa como espaço formativo e colaborativo, construtor de novas referências para o professor e para os alunos desse nível de ensino, uma vez que a formação inicial e contínua do professor deve alterar práticas tradicionalmente excludentes das escolas, em favor de práticas mais democráticas.

Lateinamerika kennt zahlreiche Protestbewegungen seiner indigenen Bevölkerung. Einer der emblematischsten Fälle ist die soziale Bewegung gegen ein Prestige-Projekt der Morales-Regierung: den Bau einer Straße im Indigenen Territorium und Nationalpark Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) im bolivianischen Amazonasgebiet. Mit Blick auf die Perspektiven der heterogenen Protestakteur*innen rekonstruiert Maximilian Held diesen Widerstand in seinen komplexen Erscheinungsformen. Dabei stellt er heraus, wie Problematiken der geschwächten indigenen Selbstverwaltung, sozioökologische Bedrohungen, Defizite des neoextraktiven Entwicklungsmodells und mangelnde Rechtsumsetzung zusammenhängen.

Disability human rights law is a rapidly growing field. It merges critical disability studies, disability rights, and human rights to inform, identify, analyse, and create solutions to help protect the human rights of people with disabilities. This is the second volume of the Disability Human Rights Law edited collection. This volume delves deeper into this emerging field and begins to explore what human rights law means for people with disabilities, as well as what innovations people with disabilities are bringing to the field of human rights law.

Over the past few decades, modern information technology has made a significant impact on people’s daily lives worldwide. In the field of health care and prevention, there has been a progressing penetration of assistive health services such as personal health records, supporting apps for chronic diseases, or preventive cardiological monitoring. In 2020, the range of personal health services appeared to be almost unmanageable, accompanied by a multitude of different data formats and technical interfaces. The exchange of health-related data between different healthcare providers or platforms may therefore be difficult or even impossible. In addition, health professionals are increasingly confronted with medical data that were not acquired by themselves, but by an algorithmic “black box”. Even further, externally recorded data tend to be incompatible with the data models of classical healthcare information systems.From the individual’s perspective, digital services allow for the monitoring of their own health status. However, such services can also overwhelm their users, especially elderly people, with too many features or barely comprehensible information. It therefore seems highly relevant to examine whether such “always at hand” services exceed the digital literacy levels of average citizens.In this context, this reprint presents innovative, health-related applications or services emphasizing the role of user-centered information technology, with a special focus on one of the aforementioned aspects.

Im Rahmen des Projekts Duncker & Humblot reprints heben wir Schätze aus dem Programm der ersten rund 150 Jahre unserer Verlagsgeschichte, von der Gründung 1798 bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945. Lange vergriffene Klassiker und Fundstücke aus den Bereichen Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Geschichte, Philosophie und Literaturwissenschaft werden nach langer Zeit wieder verfügbar gemacht – und zwar sowohl gedruckt als auch in elektronischer Form. Einige Titel sind bereits erschienen. Täglich kommen weitere hinzu. Bis Ende des Jahres wird das »Duncker & Humblot reprints«-Programm auf ca. 1.500 Bände anwachsen. Möchten Sie regelmäßig über Neuerscheinungen aus dem reprints-Programm informiert werden? Dann abonnieren Sie unseren E-Mail-Benachrichtigungsdienst.

Dvorjanskoe gnezdo ist zwischen 1856 und 1858, in den stürmischen, hoffnungsvollen Reformjahren zu Beginn der Regierungszeit Alexanders II., konzipiert und niedergeschrieben worden. Kernstück der Reformen sollte die Aufhebung der Leibeigenschaft sein. Das bedeutete, daß es nach 1855 um die Zukunft des russischen Adels ging und seine Rolle in der Gesellschaft neu definiert werden mußte. Turgenev als Angehöriger der Adelsklasse war davon unmittelbar betroffen.

The author deals with the topic of preemtion in tort law. After addressing the question of whether the conditio-sine-qua-non theory (but-for-rule) is a suitable theory to detect causation in tort law, she turns to the counterfactual theory of causation of the philosopher David Lewis and to "counterfactuals", which are used to examine hypothetical causal processes in history and political science. With the help of this interdisciplinary approach, the author ultimately argues that hypothetical causes should be taken into account in tort law

This ePaper critically examines community health schemes in India through the lens of one of the largest cadres of community health workers in the world, the Accredited Social Health Activists or ASHAs. Focusing on in-depth qualitative research with a group of ASHAs in New Delhi, India, this study aims to understand how work, labour, and volunteerism are understood in community health schemes. By mobilising sociological and anthropological literature on work, volunteerism and gendered frameworks of care, this research demonstrates how ideologies of altruistic service and morality are embedded in state narratives of social welfare and are used to undervalue the work of women from marginalised communities within public health care systems. At the same time, by centring the narratives of the ASHA workers themselves, this research also uncovers the complex social ties and narratives of community and care that the workers create to negotiate their precarious working conditions and advocate for their rights and their position within spaces of informalised formal work. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of dehydration techniques. It includes six chapters that discuss various methods of food dehydration. Some of these processes include advanced drying methods that utilize microwaves, infrared radiation, and radio frequency, as well as techniques like hot air, vacuum, fluidized bed, and freeze-drying. Chapters explore the advantages and disadvantages of the various processes, including hybrid techniques that increase the efficiency of drying and improve the quality of the dried products. Other topics explored include the kinetics of hydrogel dehydration and pre-treatment processes such as those that utilize ultrasound.

The most violent American and European anti-Semites in the 21st century, including not only Jihadists but also white (and black) supremacist terrorist, made some reference to religion in their hatred of Jews. This is surprising. Religious antisemitism is often seen as a relic of the past. It is more associated with pre-modern societies where the role of religion was central to social and political order. However, at the end of the 19th century, animosity against Judaism gave way to nationalistic and racist motives. People, such as Wilhelm Marr, called themselves anti-Semites to distinguish themselves from those who despised Jews for religious reasons. Since then, antisemitism has gone through many mutations. However, today, it is not only the actions of extremely violent anti-Semites who might be an indication that religious antisemitism has come back in new forms. Some churches have been accused of disseminating antisemitic arguments related to ideas of replacement theology in modernized forms and applied to the Jewish State. Others, from the populist nationalist right, seem to use Christianity as an identity marker and thus exclude Jews (and Muslims) from the nation. Do religious motifs play a significant role in the resurgence of antisemitism in the 21st century?