Open Access Books

The thoroughly contemporary question of the relationship between emotion and reason was debated with such complexity by the philosophers of the 17th century that their concepts remain a source of inspiration for today`s research about the emotionality of the mind. The analyses of the works of Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and many other thinkers collected in this volume offer new insights into the diversity and significance of philosophical reflections about emotions during the early modern era. A focus is placed on affective components in learning processes and the boundaries between emotions and reason.

Engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies’ structural applications require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for construction purposes. This would allow the efficient use of engineering materials. The efficiency can be understood in a simplified and heuristic manner as the optimization of performance and the proper combination of structural components, leading to the consumption of the least amount of natural resources. The solution to the eco-optimization problem, based on the adequate characterization of the materials, will enable implementing environmentally friendly engineering principles when the efficient use of advanced materials guarantees the required structural safety. Identifying fundamental relationships between the structure of advanced composites and their physical properties is the focus of this book. The collected articles explore the development of sustainable composites with valorized manufacturability corresponding to Industrial Revolution 4.0 ideology. The publications, amongst others, reveal that the application of nano-particles improves the mechanical performance of composite materials; heat-resistant aluminium composites ensure the safety of overhead power transmission lines; chemical additives can detect the impact of temperature on concrete structures. This book demonstrates that construction materials’ choice has considerable room for improvement from a scientific viewpoint, following heuristic approaches.

Die Bibliothek und das Schrifttum Guido Adlers (1855–1941), des prominentesten Vertreters der Musikwissenschaft der Universität Wien, wurde von den Nationalsozialisten unter reger Beteiligung von Mitarbeitern der Universität Wien geraubt und später nur zum Teil zurückgegeben. Im Rahmen der NS-Provenienzforschung an der Universitätsbibliothek Wien konnten Restbestände der Bibliothek Guido Adlers festgestellt werden. Auch ein Nachlassfragment wurde als bedenklich identifiziert und mit den Buchbeständen 2012/13 restituiert.

Discovered almost fifty years ago at Bell Labs (1964), the Nd:YAG laser has undergone an enormous evolution in the years, being now widely used in both basic research and technological applications. Nd:YAG Laser covers a wide range of topics, from new systems (diode pumping, short pulse generation) and components (a new semiorganic nonlinear crystal) to applications in material processing (coating, welding, polishing, drilling, processing of metallic thin films), medicine (treatment, drug administration) and other various fields (semiconductor nanotechnology, plasma spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy).

The book Becoming Human: Li Zehou’s Ethics offers a critical introduction and in-depth analysis of Li Zehou’s moral philosophy and ethics. Li Zehou, who is one of the most influential contemporary Chinese philosophers, believes that ethics is the most important philosophical discipline. He aims to revive, modernize, develop, and complement Chinese traditional ethics through what he calls “transformative creation” (轉化性的創造). He takes Chinese ethics, which represents the main pillar of Chinese philosophy, as a vital basis for his elaborations on certain aspects of Kant’s, Marx’s and other Western theoreticians’ thoughts on ethics, and hopes to contribute in this way to the development of a new global ethics for all of humankind.

In the field of the history of philosophy, Pierre-François Moreau’s work stands out for its adherence to four fundamental methodological requirements: the need for philological work preceding philosophical work; the establishment of a complex dialectic between the internal constitution of systematic meaning and openness to the context of composition; the interest shown in reception, particularly of Spinozism, and in the philosophical richness of texts beyond their original context; and finally, constant openness to foreign historiographical traditions. These requirements have set the standard and been the driving force behind a spectacular revival of a rational history of ideas and Spinozism in France and abroad. Gathering previously unpublished contributions, this volume strives to outline the contours of this school of commentary, which has been one of the determining forces of the spectacular renewal of Spinozism in recent years.

Michel Foucault suchte bereits 1983 nach den Rationalitäten, die unseren gesundheitlichen Wahlentscheidungen zu Grunde liegen. Diese Frage stellt sich heute noch dringender, bedenkt man den neoliberalen Wandel von Gesundheitsdiskursen in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Diese Diskurse finden ihre Vorfahren in der religiösen und bürgerlichen Selbstpraxis sowie in der ärztlichen Praxis der Beratung und Überzeugung. Irene Poczka betrachtet diese als Regierungsweisen, die schließlich auch die politischen Techniken beeinflussten, mit denen die Gesundheit der Bevölkerungen reguliert werden sollte. Sie stellt fest: Im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts lassen sich überall diskursive Fragmente einer Genealogie liberalen Regierens von Gesundheit ausmachen.

Though the extreme right was not particularly successful in the 1999 European elections, it continues to be a major factor in the politics of Western Europe. This book, newly available in paperback, provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the extreme right in the Netherlands (Centrumdemocraten, Centrumpartij'86), Belgium (Vlaams Blok) and Germany (Die Republikaner, Deutsche Volksunion). On the basis of original research - using party literature - the author concludes that though individual parties might stress different issues, the extreme right party family does share a core ideology of nationalism, xenophobia, welfare chauvinism, and law and order. The author's research and conclusions clearly have broader implications for the study of the extreme right phenomenon and party ideology in general, and the book should be of interest to anyone studying or researching in the areas of European politics, political ideologies, political parties, extremism, racism or nationalism.

Nationaler Sozialismus – kaum ein anderer Ausdruck hat so viele Bedeutungen wie dieser. Der Begriff wurde in der Weimarer Republik von 1918/1919 bis 1933 von Minderheiten aller politischen Strömungen beansprucht. Kennzeichnend ist, dass es keiner gelang, ihn vollständig für sich zu reklamieren und die Deutungshoheit zu erlangen, weshalb es auch so schwierig ist, eine allgemeingültige Definition oder Beschreibung des Phänomens aufzustellen. In der Forschung konzentriert sich die Diskussion meist nur auf einzelne Aspekte. Die Beitragenden ändern dies, indem sie erstmals alle gesellschaftspolitischen Akteure von der Kirche bis zu den Parteien unter die Lupe nehmen und so einen umfassenden Überblick über die nationalen Sozialismen der Weimarer Republik liefern.

Cet ouvrage rassemble cinq études dans le domaine de la sémantique temporelle du français. En partant du cadre phrastique, le champ d’investigation s’élargit au niveau textuel pour aboutir au domaine de l’interprétation littéraire. L’article d’Anne-Marie Berthonneau montre que la différence entre depuis et il y a que n’est pas entièrement une question de référence temporelle (phrastique), mais également de cohésion discursive. Cari Vetters étudie les relations temporelles dans la phrase complexe et dans le texte en partant de la distinction classique entre temps absolus et temps relatifs. Georges Kleiber critique la façon dont on met en rapport dans des tra- vaux récents les pronoms et les temps verbaux. L’article d’Arie Molendijk étudie la contribution de la présupposition et de l’implication temporelles à la structuration textuelle. Anna Jaubert propose une ana- lyse guillaumienne du temps dans les textes littéraires. Ce volume témoigne de la fécondité des approches textuelles du temps linguistique, tout en faisant le point sur un certain nombre de difficultés quelle soulève.

Der gegenwärtige Medienwandel vollzieht sich nicht nur innerhalb einzelner Gattungen wie Fernsehen, Presse oder Rundfunk, sondern crossmedial. Dabei begünstigt die Digitalisierung eine Integration von Text, Bild, Video usw., wodurch neue multimodale Medien- und Kommunikationsformen innerhalb und außerhalb der klassischen Massenmedien entstehen. Der Band analysiert solche Formate (wie Google- Earth, Live-Ticker oder Fernsehformate im Handy-TV), entwickelt Theorien zur Multimodalität und zeigt, anhand welcher Methoden diese untersucht werden kann. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Despite tremendous advances in civil rights, we live in a world where the sexes remain sharply segregated from birth to death: in names, clothing, social groupings, and possessions; in occupations, civic association, and domestic roles. Gender separatism, so pervasive as to be almost invisible, permeates the fabric of our daily social routines. Preferring a notion of gender that is fluid and contextual, and denying that separatism is inevitable, Nancy Levit dismantles the myths of gender essentialism Drawing on a wealth of interdisciplinary data regarding the biological and cultural origins of sex differences, Levit provides a fresh perspective on gendered behaviors and argues the need for careful cultivation of new relations between the sexes. With its focus particularly on men, The Gender Line offers an insightful overview of the construction of gender and the damaging effects of its stereotypes. Levit analyzes the ways in which law legitimizes the social segregation of the sexes through legal decisions regarding custody, employment, education, sexual harassment, and criminal law. In so doing, she illustrates the ways in which men's and women's oppressions are intertwined and how law molds the very definition of masculinity. Applying feminist methodology to the doctrine of feminism itself, Levit artfully demonstrates that gender separatism infects even our contemporary views of feminism. Levit asks questions that have been too long been unspoken--those that lie at the core of the feminist project, yet threaten its very foundations. Revealing masculinity as both a privileged and a victimized condition, she calls for a step forward, past the bounds of contemporary feminism and its conflicts, toward a more egalitarian and inclusive feminism. This brand of feminism would reshape traditional masculinity, invite men into feminist dialogue, and claim men as political allies.

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How black and Latino youth learn, create, and collaborate online The Digital Edge examines how the digital and social-media lives of low-income youth, especially youth of color, have evolved amidst rapid social and technological change. While notions of the digital divide between the “technology rich” and the “technology poor” have largely focused on access to new media technologies, the contours of the digital divide have grown increasingly complex. Analyzing data from a year‐long ethnographic study at Freeway High School, the authors investigate how the digital media ecologies and practices of black and Latino youth have adapted as a result of the wider diffusion of the internet all around us--in homes, at school, and in the palm of our hands. Their eager adoption of different technologies forge new possibilities for learning and creating that recognize the collective power of youth: peer networks, inventive uses of technology, and impassioned interests that are remaking the digital world. Relying on nearly three hundred in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and parents, and hundreds of hours of observation in technology classes and after school programs, The Digital Edge carefully documents some of the emergent challenges for creating a more equitable digital and educational future. Focusing on the complex interactions between race, class, gender, geography and social inequality, the book explores the educational perils and possibilities of the expansion of digital media into the lives and learning environments of low-income youth. Ultimately, the book addresses how schools can support the ability of students to develop the social, technological, and educational skills required to navigate twenty-first century life.

This edited collection explores current approaches to understanding space, time, and gravity within a quantum-theoretical framework. In most such approaches, the three-dimensional space of ordinary perception and action is physically fundamental, but is rather emergent from underlying structures or dynamics that can, in general, be described in terms of information flows. Processes such as measurement and computation are, therefore, fundamental to the notion of physical space.