Open Access Books

This edited volume Event-Related Potentials and Evoked Potentials is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of medicine and health sciences. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the field of event-related potential (ERP). An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. Each chapter is complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in noninvasive means of evaluating brain functioning and opens new possible research paths for further novel developments.

This book is in commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement (JSAAEA) and the fiftieth anniversary of Southeast Asian American refugee resettlement in the United States. Pivotal research articles, reviews, and creative works from past issues of JSAAEA have been selected for this volume to document the history and experiences of Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, and Vietnamese Americans since initial refugee resettlement began in the United States in 1975, as well as the experiences of more recent Southeast Asian immigrant and refugee groups. Reviews of academic books, novels, memoirs, children’s books, and motion pictures further highlight Southeast Asian American perspectives and experiences. Creative works, including poetry and short stories by Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, Vietnamese, Thai, and Burmese American writers, provide additional and often intimate insights and reflections on the Southeast Asian American experience.

This Special Issue includes twenty original contributions focused on Yellow River basin management under pressure. Considering the unique regional characteristics of the Yellow River in China, the contributions mainly result from research conducted by Chinese universities and research and development institutions. The twenty articles in this Special Issue can be divided into six categories, namely “Characteristics of Yellow River basin”, “Water system and economic society system”, “Water resources allocation and efficient utilization”, “Basin ecological protection and environmental pollution remediation”, “Water–sediment relationship of the Yellow River Basin”, and “Yellow River governance”.

Published

Water covers approximately 71% of the planet’s surface and human activities have been relying on it since remote times. Many traces of these exist under the “zero level” and will continue to exist in the future. Measuring, positioning, and mapping objects under water have experienced very significant modifications, brought about by advances in technology and also by changed requirements, demands for new products, introduction of new tools, and the modification of existing equipment. The exploration, documentation, and recording of underwater environments remains a difficult task, and is sometimes still unsolved. The research, design, and development of techniques and procedures for correctly validating underwater environments are more than ever important. This Special Issue originates from the ISPRS/CIPA Workshop "UNDERWATER 3D RECORDING & MODELING—Experiences in Data Acquisition, Calibration, Orientation, Modelling & Accuracy Assessment” (http://3dom.fbk.eu/files/underwater/index.html) and will accept improved and extended selected papers derived from the workshop’s proceedings, as well as new contributions from international colleagues. We invite you to submit articles on the following topics: Underwater/Multi-media photogrammetry Underwater platforms (ROV, AUV, robot, etc.) Characterization of underwater passive and active sensors Underwater navigation and positioning Underwater metrology and inspections Geometric modeling in multi-media photogrammetry Accuracy requirement and assessment in underwater 3D applications Restoration, enhancement and processing of underwater images 3D bathymetry techniques Data processing and underwater 3D modeling Sensors for marine biology and water pollution Multi-sensor integration

The main purpose of the article is to answer how magazines for children can be a tool of media literacy – defined as knowledge in media reception; also, as building the habit of reading and buying magazines. Hypothesis: In literature, it is widely accepted that the press for children can be an effective tool for building reading habits. However, this area of press market must struggle with downfall in readership of the printed media in confrontation with the expansion of digital ones. Methodology: The author analyzes existing data (including reports) and scientific research from media studies, pedagogy, media education and media psychology. It is a review article. It is embedded in media studies, but is due to its references to pedagogy, education and technological issues, it can be considered interdisciplinary.

Oxygen is an essential molecule in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells, and a lack of energy due to O2 deficiency makes the maintenance of biological functions and human life improbable. Since oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the series of ATP synthesis reactions in conjunction with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, its deficiency causes the oxidation of a series of coenzymes, such as nicotinamide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and the reduction in oxygen molecules to water molecules (H2O). Persistent deficiency has been believed to cause a loss of biological functions, even resulting in death. This classical view of oxygen has been completely revised over the last 20 years. Mammals do not have a mechanism for biosynthesizing oxygen in their bodies. In higher organisms such as vertebrates, which possess many organs, oxygen in the body is always “scarce,”; therefore, the dominant view is that organisms have evolved mechanisms to respond to the lack of this essential molecule (hypoxia), and actively use it to maintain bodily integrity. Anatomically complex, higher multicellular organisms are equipped with specialized mechanisms to enable all cells to obtain sufficient oxygen. The respiratory system consists of lungs, which provide oxygen to be transferred to hemoglobin in red blood cells, the diaphragm, other respiratory support muscles, and neuroepithelial cells that sense the partial pressure of oxygen. The cardiovascular system consists of red blood cells, an oxygen-carrying medium, the heart, the transport engine, blood vessels, and transport channels. The proper development and preservation of these systems requires the harmonious expression of thousands of genes. The transcription factor responsible for this gene expression is hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). In this Special Issue, we invited research and review papers on various areas of oxygen biology research that focused on the fundamental understanding of HIF signaling pathways and related gene expression profiling, as well as pharmacogenomic biomarkers, molecular targets driving the regulation of human physiology and pathophysiology, and validation in animal models. We have published six original papers and three review articles in this Special Issue. We hope that this Special Issue will reflect the current exciting research concerning HIFs and their applications in medicine and health science.

Si la parole est actualisation de la langue par la singularité énonciative, de nombreuses études montrent combien l’expression singulière est en réalité constituée de séquences préétablies et une mise en perspective synchronique et/ou diachronique oblige dans bien des cas à relativiser la singularité de faits saillants parce qu’isolés et pris ponctuellement. Le singulier vient alors s’inscrire dans une série langagière d’abord insoupçonnée, et cette inscription autant que le fait en lui-même permettent de lui donner une valeur stylistique, valeur elle-même variable précisément en fonction des contextes que la mise en série permettra d’établir. Il s’agira donc de réfléchir à la fois à la constitution locale et globale de tout fait/effet discursif : fait singulier, fait générique, en passant par le fait de langue daté, le fait de langue d’un groupe restreint, etc., comment les faits de langue deviennent-ils des effets de style et à quel niveau ? Ce second colloque de l’Association internationale de stylistique s’est efforcé de maintenir dans son champ d’investigation non seulement le fait, en tant que résultat textuel, mais encore le fait en tant que processus de production et d’interprétation. Il s’attaque à des questions aussi centrales que : – Pourquoi et comment peut-on délimiter des faits au sens d’éléments repérables, isolables et descriptibles en soi ? – Pourquoi et comment un « fait » ou un faisceau de faits a-t-il une valeur assignable ? – Peut-on élaborer une périodisation littéraire à partir de l’histoire des valeurs des « faits » ? – Comment lier un fait de langue et un effet de style ? – Comment enseigner les faits de langue, les effets de style ?

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Chemical engineering applications have been a source of challenging optimization problems in terms of economics and technology. The goal of this book is to enable the reader to get instant information on fundamentals and advancements in chemical engineering. This book addresses ongoing evolutions of chemical engineering and provides overview to the sate of the art advancements. Molecular perspective is increasingly important in the refinement of kinetic and thermodynamic molding. As a result, much of the material was revised on industrial problems and their sophisticated solutions from known scientists around the world. These issues were divided in to two sections, fundamental advances and catalysis and reaction engineering. A distinct feature of this text continues to be the emphasis on molecular chemistry, reaction engineering and modeling to achieve rational and robust industrial design. Our perspective is that this background must be made available to undergraduate, graduate and professionals in an integrated manner.

Hand in Hand in Kindergarten Teacher Education—Where Play, Subject Knowledge and Practice Meet offers a collection of research articles highlighting how theory and practice go hand in hand in all work related to children, kindergarten, and kindergarten teacher education. Here you can read, among other things, about the possibilities of play, risky play, church walks, the use of digital tools, guidance as a method, practicum in education, the kindergarten teacher as a street-level bureaucrat, and partnerships between higher education institutions and kindergartens. This anthology can be read as a whole or chapter by chapter, as each chapter can provide valuable knowledge and spark reflection on its specific topic. The book’s editors are Astrid Øien Halsnes, Associate Professor in pedagogy, and Lill Krestin Ryland, Lecturer in pedagogy. Both teach in the kindergarten teacher education program at NLA University College. Halsnes has served as program leader for several years, leads the research group Children, Kindergarten and Kindergarten Teacher Education, and contributes a chapter to the book. Ryland is currently acting program leader and contributes two chapters. The other contributors are: Natalia Alfarnes, Nina Anette Angeltveit, Jannice Eikefet Berland, Ole-Vinjar Egeland, Runar Eikhaug, Anne-Lise Flaa, Beate Gjesdal, Svitlana Holovchuk, Tale Birkeland Irgens, Sæbjørg Hageberg Kjeka, Kari Kvandal, Torgeir Landro, Wenche Langeland, Marit Myklebust, Lene Jaer Nottveit and Hilde Kartveit Sundnes. The anthology Hand in Hand in Kindergarten Teacher Education—Where Play, Subject Knowledge and Practice Meet is published in 2024 as a contribution to the 25th anniversary of the kindergarten teacher education program at NLA University College.

With a diverse range of expert contributors, this collection traces how customary international law is practised in international investment law and arbitration. It considers how custom should be interpreted and how its rules and principles should be understood and applied by investor-state arbitral tribunals. Available as Open Access.

Mobile and wireless communications applications have a clear impact on improving the humanity wellbeing. From cell phones to wireless internet to home and office devices, most of the applications are converted from wired into wireless communication. Smart and advanced wireless communication environments represent the future technology and evolutionary development step in homes, hospitals, industrial, vehicular and transportation systems. A very appealing research area in these environments has been the wireless ad hoc, sensor and mesh networks. These networks rely on ultra low powered processing nodes that sense surrounding environment temperature, pressure, humidity, motion or chemical hazards, etc. Moreover, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver nodes of such networks require the design of transmitter and receiver equipped with high performance building blocks including antennas, power and low noise amplifiers, mixers and voltage controlled oscillators. Nowadays, the researchers are facing several challenges to design such building blocks while complying with ultra low power consumption, small area and high performance constraints. CMOS technology represents an excellent candidate to facilitate the integration of the whole transceiver on a single chip. However, several challenges have to be tackled while designing and using nanoscale CMOS technologies and require innovative idea from researchers and circuits designers. While major researchers and applications have been focusing on RF wireless communication, optical wireless communication based system has started to draw some attention from researchers for a terrestrial system as well as for aerial and satellite terminals. This renewed interested in optical wireless communications is driven by several advantages such as no licensing requirements policy, no RF radiation hazards, and no need to dig up roads besides its large bandwidth and low power consumption. This second part of the book, Mobile and Wireless Communications: Key Technologies and Future Applications, covers the recent development in ad hoc and sensor networks, the implementation of state of the art of wireless transceivers building blocks and recent development on optical wireless communication systems. We hope that this book will be useful for students, researchers and practitioners in their research studies.

Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.

In the Indonesian war of independence, which had a strong guerrilla war character, intelligence was decisive for achieving military successes. No wonder that the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia waged a fierce intelligence battle between 1945 and 1949. Nevertheless, not much is known about the personnel, organization and working methods of the Dutch military intelligence services, which were to function as the eyes and ears of the army. This study examines this violent confrontation for intelligence in detail. To what extent have the Dutch services used torture and other forms of extreme violence? And why? How accurate was the intelligence they gathered about the Indonesian forces? What effects did their reports have on Dutch actions in the field – and on the decision-making of higher echelons? The tug-of-war over the crucial cooperation of the population and the extremely violent or otherwise violent actions of the Indonesian intelligence services are also discussed. The course of the espionage war is explained based on the interactions between the Dutch and Indonesian services, which continuously tried to outsmart each other. This book shows that this grim and complex struggle behind the scenes had a major – and so far underexposed – impact on the Dutch-Indonesian war.