Open Access Books

The title of this book takes as its point of reference those early, primitive films in which mostly men, but occasionally women, peek through keyholes, offering bold demonstrations of the voyeuristic pleasure that has been central to virtually every contemporary theory of cinema. When we imagine a "woman" and a "keyhole," it is usually a woman on the other side of the keyhole, as the proverbial object of the look, that comes to mind. In this work the author is not necessarily reversing the conventional image, but rather asking what happens when women are situated on both sides of the keyhole. The question is not only who or what is on either side of the keyhole, but also what lies between them, what constitutes the threshold that makes representation possible. In all of the films discussed, the threshold between subject and object, between inside and outside, between virtually all opposing pairs, is a central figure for the reinvention of cinematic narrative. Films discussed include Helke Sander's Redupers, Julie Dash's Illusions, Patricia Rozema's I've Heard the Mermaids Singing, Yvonne Rainer's The Man Who Envied Women, Chantal Akerman's Je tu il elle, Ulrike Ottinger's Ticket of No Return, Anne Severson's Near the Big Chakra, Suzan Pitt's Asparagus, Germaine Dulac's The Smiling Madame Beudet, Agnes Varda's Cleo from 5 to 7, Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles, Trin T. Minh-ha's Reassem-blage, Laleen Jayamanne's A Song of Ceylon, and the films of Dorothy Arzner.

This chapter describes how the different ICARUS unmanned search and rescue tools have been evaluated and validated using operational benchmarking techniques. Two large‐scale simulated disaster scenarios were organized: a simulated shipwreck and an earthquake response scenario. Next to these simulated response scenarios, where ICARUS tools were deployed in tight interaction with real end users, ICARUS tools also participated to a real relief, embedded in a team of end users for a flood response mission. These validation trials allow us to conclude that the ICARUS tools fulfil the user requirements and goals set up at the beginning of the project.

Gait analysis is important for the investigation of gait progression and the development of therapies in disorders characterized by gait impairments, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Describing gait quantitatively helps researchers to analyze gait impairment in a more consistent, reliable, and precise manner compared to qualitative description. For this reason, apparatus and computation methods are continuously developed for both clinical and preclinical studies using animals. One of the gait analysis apparatus for rodents is called CatWalk. The system is equipped with a transparent glass floor walkway, where rodents can walk from one to the opposite end. Using a camera located under the walkway, the system records a video, which contains the information of the paw contact positions. Based on the recorded video, this CatWalk system computes several gait parameters. Here, several computational methods that enrich the information extracted from CatWalk data are presented. These methods improve the outcome of the current Catwalk data acquisition by providing methods in identifying gait patterns related to PD, providing a silhouette-length-based intra-assay scaling method, an initial data analysis method, and a parametric gait recovery progression score for rat SCI models.

Chinese, language learning, foreign policy, Chinese political system, domestic governance, international relations, Chinese culture, Chinese literature, Chinese history, Chinese sociology, Chinese opposition, Chinese activism, Chinese people, Chinese society, Chinese studies

To understand and model the turbulent behavior of flowing fluids is one of the most fascinating, intriguing, annoying, and most important problems of engineering and physics. Admittedly most of the fluid flows are turbulent. In the known universe, turbulence is evident at the macroscopic scale and the microscopic scale in identical proportions. Turbulence is manifested in many places, such as: a plethora of technological devices, atmospheres and ocean currents, astronomical or galactic motions, and biological systems like circulation or respiration. With the continuum as an assumption, the equations that define the physics of fluid flow are the Navier-Stokes equations modeled during the mid-19th Century by Claude-Louis Navier and Sir George Gabriel Stokes. These equations define all flows, even turbulent flows, yet there is no analytical solution to even the simplest turbulent flow possible. However, the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation is able to describe the flow variable as a function of space and time. It is called direct numerical simulations (DNS), which is the subject matter of this book.

Over time Dutch and Indonesian musicians have inspired each other and they continue to do so. Recollecting Resonances offers a way of studying these musical encounters and a mutual heritage one today still can listen to. Readership: All those willing to learn more about the impact and consequences of musical encounters between Dutch and Indonesian performers in both a colonial and postcolonial setting as well as those with a wider interest in cultural and musical studies.

In the German speaking world, questions concerning the voice or speaker of lyrical poems are often oversimplified through recourse to the disputed concept of “the lyrical I.” This volume addresses questions surrounding the expressive agent in lyric poems and thus contributes to the controversial debate about adequate forms for conceptualizing lyric poetry at the intersection between philological traditions and practices specific to lyric poetry.

In zijn jongste boek, Kritiek van de interpreterende rede, bekijkt Filip Buekens de centrale thema's in de taalfilosofie van Davidson. Vertrekkend vanuit de stelling dat spreken en verstaan een vorm van rationeel handelen is, wordt onderzocht hoe een theorie voor een taal (in de vorm van een Tarskiaanse waarheidstheorie) wordt geconstrueerd vanuit het standpunt van een 'radicale interpretator' die inzicht wil krijgen in het talig handelen van personen. In een uitgebreide vergelijking met de filosofie van Michael Dummett en W.V. Quine worden de specifieke uitgangspunten van Davidson verhelderd. Daarbij gaat vooral aandacht naar de constitutieve principes die het verstaan van anderen en het begrijpelijk zijn voor anderen mogelijk maken. Davidson verbindt aan dit project belangrijke metafysische conclusies. Deze worden uitgebreid toegelicht. Zo bespreekt de auteur de anti-sceptische argumenten van Davidson, het probleem van de onbepaaldheid van de referentie-relatie en Davidson's afwijzing van het relativisme. In een laatste hoofdstuk wordt de filosofie van Davidson getoetst aan belangrijke taalfilosofische discussies die de jongste jaren gevoerd werden: essentialisme, het volgen van regels, het probleem van de lingu

Global concern about climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels is encouraging the use of renewable energies. For instance, the European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. Biogas is an interesting renewable energy source due to its high calorific value. Today, biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat by a combined heat and power engine. However, before its valorization, biogas needs to be desulfurized (H2S removal) to avoid corrosion and sulfur oxides emissions during its combustion. Biogas can be upgraded (CO2 removal) and used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. In the last 15 years, significant advances have occurred in the development of biological desulfurization processes. In this book with five chapters, the reader can find some of the latest advances in the biogas desulfurization and an overview of the state-of-the-art research. Three of them are research studies and two are reviews concerning the current state of biogas desulfurization technologies, economic analysis of alternatives, and the microbial ecology in biofiltration units. Biogas desulfurization is considered to be essential by many stakeholders (biogas producers, suppliers of biogas upgrading devices, gas traders, researchers, etc.) all around the world.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Medical Sociology; Health Psychology

El cine forma parte hoy en día del patrimonio nacional. Sin embargo, la cuestión de la nacionalidad de los productos fílmicos está relacionada con diferentes aspectos: industrial, económico, historiográfico y estético. En cuanto al criterio oficial, se vincula habitualmente al espacio de producción; sin embargo, la nacionalidad del director de la película o de los actores, la ubicación de los espacios de rodaje, el idioma, o los acentos, la relación con unas corrientes estéticas o con géneros cinematográficos nacionalmente marcados pueden también ser considerados como tipos de clasificación. En España, el problema se plantea de forma más compleja que en otros muchos países ya que sobrepone casi de manera constante la nacionalidad regional o autonómica y la nación o las naciones. La película se convierte así en un territorio inestable y de difícil percepción, suponiendo interferencias que desacreditan cualquier análisis ignorante de la diversidad de los contextos. Por otra parte, el cine español ya no se puede concebir desconectado del resto de Europa, y la hispanidad sigue aportando elementos propios de una comunidad transnacional lingüística, cultural e histórica. Reflexionar sobre la nacionalidad en el cine supone explorar las interconexiones, las mezclas, las porosidades que ponen en tela de juicio una lectura limitada y estrecha de un concepto como el de «nación». Este es el camino por donde este libro pretende ir.

Like all branches of physics and engineering, electromagnetics relies on mathematical methods for modeling, simulation, and design procedures in all of its aspects (radiation, propagation, scattering, imaging, etc.). Originally, rigorous analytical techniques were the only machinery available to produce any useful results. In the 1960s and 1970s, emphasis was placed on asymptotic techniques, which produced approximations of the fields for very high frequencies when closed-form solutions were not feasible. Later, when computers demonstrated explosive progress, numerical techniques were utilized to develop approximate results of controllable accuracy for arbitrary geometries. In this Special Issue, the most recent advances in the aforementioned approaches are presented to illustrate the state-of-the-art mathematical techniques in electromagnetics.

The papers in this SI present valuable results in the topics of soils, sediments, and water contamination according to the consideration of ecological and health risk. They also point out open questions and possible avenues for future research. Biochar application can benefit both soil conservation and contamination, but further research should be conducted to investigate whether these positive effects can be extended to the field scale. Similar to biochar, scale-up design will be helpful for thin-layer capping in in situ sediments using mixed active amendments. Both physiochemical analysis and bioassays mutually supported the evaluation results of river water quality. However, we need better approaches and policies for management to prevent further contamination from the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste into this aquatic ecosystem. The use of microorganisms to eliminate antibiotics is a promising strategy, but future work should verify the biodegradation ability of antibiotic-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.

Este libro intenta mostrar la representación textual de las islas Galápagos desde su descubrimiento hasta nuestros días. El argumento principal sugiere que la descripción de este espacio crucial para la modernidad, dada la retórica de los escritores de viajes y ficción, transforma el área insular para concebir formas alternativas del proyecto de construcción nacional en América Latina. Como resultado de las empresas coloniales, excursiones científicas, crónicas periodísticas o expediciones, la escritura de viaje de las Galápagos condiciona la formación del estado y su imaginario nacional. Esto ocurre por el capital simbólico que posee archipiélago y por el deseo de los intelectuales latinoamericanos de pertenecer a un territorio cosmopolita. El espacio insular funciona como un significante vacío donde los viajeros pueden comunicar su propio significado al narrar las experiencias de sus viajes. Este fenómeno crea una división conceptual y política entre la identidad de las islas y la nación ecuatoriana. Dichas ambigüedades narrativas crearon una ruptura que condujo a variaciones fundamentales en la forma en que los habitantes locales y entidades extranjeras interpretan las Galápagos hoy en día, ya que su literatura refleja una tensión particular de cara a las tendencias migratorias en las islas, así como los intereses globales que prevalecen en la apropiación del espacio. This book, written in Spanish, takes a literary and cultural studies model to explain the textual representation of the Galápagos Islands since their discovery until present day. The main argument suggests that the depiction of this crucial space for modernity in Western thought, given the rhetoric of travel and fiction writers, transforms the insular area with the intention of conceiving disparate forms of political displacement. Specifically, these depictions show several conflicts that arose from the seeking of identity in Ecuador during the nation-building project that took place at the time. As a result of colonial enterprises (scientific excursions, exile, tourism, journalistic pieces, expeditions, etc.), travel writings of the Galápagos condition the formation of the state and its national imagery because of the extreme symbolic capital of the archipelago and the desire of Latin American intellectuals to belong to a cosmopolitan territory.

Die Rahmenbedingungen für Projekte in den Digital Humanities können herausfordernd sein: Zum einen ist die Innovationserwartung beteiligter Institutionen und Fördergeber ungebremst. Zum anderen bedürfen die Koordination interdisziplinärer, komplexer Großvorhaben sowie der Aufbau von Forschungsinfrastruktur und -services einer Professionalisierung des Projektmanagements. Die Beiträger*innen geben Einblicke in unterschiedliche Praktiken und versammeln Sichtweisen aus der Fachcommunity. Damit gehen sie den ersten Schritt, um das Tätigkeitsfeld in den deutschsprachigen Fachdiskurs zu holen - und zeigen durch theoriegeleitete Reflexionen methodologische Ansätze zu einer Weiterentwicklung des Wissenschaftsmanagements auf.