Open Access Books

One of the most important challenges concerning the future of the European Union is the demographic reproduction of the European population. Decreasing birth-rates and the retirement of the baby boomers will dramatically reduce the labour force in the EU, which will entail not only a lack of manpower but also lower contributions to European social systems. It seems clear that the EU will have to counterbalance this population decrease by immigration in the coming years. Migration Between the Middle East, North Africa and Europe takes this challenge as a point of departure for analysing the MENA region, in particular Morocco, Egypt and Turkey, as a possible source of future migration to the European Union. At the same time, it illustrates the uncertainties implied in such calculations, especially at a time of radical political changes, such as those brought about by the Arab Uprising. A wide and scientific overview on migration potential from the NEMA region to the EU.

By focusing on the trajectories of 187 men and women activists of the French Communist Party who played a pivotal role in the organisation as regional secretaries, this work reflects on the social history of politics based on an abundant archival corpus (internal and police archives, activist memories, newspapers, etc.). It renews the approach to studying communism in France by filling an historiographic void. Several studies have examined the highest leadership circles of the French Communist Party, but what is the history of the intermediary leaders? Alternating between the local and international levels, but also between the bottom and top levels of the organisation, this work is chronologically framed by the era of the Popular Front, a period of profound transformation of the French Communist Party. From the anti-fascist turning point in 1934 to the prohibition of the party in 1939, not to mention the strikes in 1936 and the Spanish Civil War, how did these communists live and fight, having become ambassadors of a mass party seeking respectability and balancing central injunctions with expectations among the base?

Est-il concevable qu’une période historique longue de quarante ans, qui vit s’instaurer un système bipolaire au niveau mondial, entraînant la planète dans une grille de lecture du monde manichéenne, n’ait trouvé aucun écho dans les communes et les départements français ? Peut-on au contraire imaginer découvrir quelques traces de ce conflit géopolitique dans les comportements politiques et les pratiques culturelles qui se sont déployés aux échelons infranationaux ? Ce sont ces deux questions, faussement naïves, auxquelles cet ouvrage se propose de répondre. Adossée au réseau des correspondants de l’Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent (CNRS), pluridisciplinaire dans ses approches, l’enquête collective est portée par une double ambition : retrouver de la Guerre froide ailleurs que là où elle est communément située et interprétée, repérer une autre Guerre froide que celle élaborée par les seuls acteurs des relations internationales. Vue d’en bas, quelle Guerre froide rencontre-t-on ? Est-elle au moins encore guerrière ?

With tablets as door openers, Apple and Google conquered Norwegian classrooms and were met with great enthusiasm. Now the objections have arrived, also from the responsible authorities. But how could perfectly competent politicians be misled into believing in castles in the air and into adopting the advertising language of the tech giants? This is the story of the digitalization of Norwegian schools and its background. The beginning in the 1980s was promising, with a diversity of opinions and teachers in leading roles. Then the politicians set aside pedagogical judgment and ignored the counterarguments. Vague visions of a digital school were adopted by an ever-expanding network of politicians, public technology enthusiasts, commercial actors, academics, and the media. The result was a decades-long hegemony that favored the proponents of digitalization and paved the way for the cynical game of the big technology companies. The book also includes some of the author’s reflections after a long professional career with new technology in education. It has been built on a desire to combine fascination with critical reflection, to unite the enthusiast and the skeptic, in line with the first national strategies in the field. It proved difficult, but may once again be crucial in facing the challenges ahead.

Published

The volume presents the PraDISP tool, a new evaluation scale aimed at the observation, reflection and redesign of the teaching practices of primary school teachers. The intent is to support primary school teachers in self-evaluation and comparison, on the basis of valid and reliable criteria, in order to promote their professionalism through constant formative evaluation, aimed to improve the quality of teaching.

This edited volume is a collection of 12 publications from esteemed research groups around the globe. The articles belong to the following broad categories: biological treatment process parameters, sludge management and disinfection, removal of trace organic contaminants, removal of heavy metals, and synthesis and fouling control of membranes for wastewater treatment.

This open access book surveys the progress in addressing selected challenges related to the growth of big data in combination with increasingly complicated hardware. It emerged from a research program established by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as priority program SPP 1736 on Algorithmics for Big Data where researchers from theoretical computer science worked together with application experts in order to tackle problems in domains such as networking, genomics research, and information retrieval. Such domains are unthinkable without substantial hardware and software support, and these systems acquire, process, exchange, and store data at an exponential rate. The chapters of this volume summarize the results of projects realized within the program and survey-related work. This is an open access book.

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What did nature mean to ordinary English readers in an age of Enlightenment? What did they read to connect with its meanings and messages? This book surveys the explosion in household advice, religious, self-help, and leisure reading that accompanied urban growth, improving literacy, and a rapidly growing press. It charts the interrelated fortunes of London authors, printers, booksellers, and readers in a revisionist history of cheap print from the Restoration to the French Revolutionary Wars. This is an account of pamphlets and short books that, according to book trade metrics, constituted most of what lower-to-middle class Britons were buying in 1700. Many of these titles were also owned by the rich. Today’s distinctions between the natural, preternatural, and supernatural began to emerge throughout Western Europe at this time. This helped create an intellectual divide between cheap and expensive publications that would have a lasting impact upon Western culture. This book focuses on popular participation in — and responses to — that process by reconstructing the production and reception of bestselling print. Publishers are more important to this story than authors because they tinkered with contents and meanings over time. Their wares consequently illustrate changing mainstream beliefs about fact, experience, causation, logic, and authority. By the later eighteenth century, what was produced for a general audience said important things about how English people perceived their identities, communities, and histories.

Pour les médiévistes s’intéressant à l’histoire de l’économie, la question de la nature des transactions intervenant entre les individus est centrale. S’ils admettent en règle générale que les règles de l’échange marchand ne s’appliquent pas toujours et que, en particulier, la rencontre de l’offre et de la demande est bien loin de rendre compte de l’ensemble des situations, ils sont encore dans l’incertitude en ce qui concerne l’articulation entre le marché et les circulations non marchandes. Ce livre propose d’aborder cette thématique en traitant du rapport entre la contrainte et la construction de la valeur au Moyen Âge. Les objets circulent parfois contre la volonté de leurs propriétaires, dans le cas du vol ou du pillage mais malgré eux aussi lorsqu’ils sont détournés de leur usage ou de leur fonction d’origine. Soustraits à leur possesseur par des processus économiques, par des procédures légales ou par la pure violence, ils finissent tôt ou tard sur le marché après avoir été ou non transformés. Ce livre aborde donc les questions soulevées par l’existence, à côté du marché et de ses règles, d’une vaste sphère non régie par les règles de l’échange marchand mais où les objets circulent quand même. Cela conduit les auteurs à aborder des sujets aussi essentiels que ceux de l’évaluation, de la conversion et de la contrainte en matière économique, à travers des thèmes comme le luxe, le gage, la caution, le troc, le vol, la saisie, le recel, proposant ainsi une approche renouvelée et nécessaire de la vie économique médiévale.

This anthology deals with current research on Norwegian educational history. The nine articles build on presentations from a conference – organized in Drammen by the University of South East Norway in April 2023 – about Norwegian educational history, which is an area of research that has developed significantly during the last decade. New networks have been founded, academic positions on educational history have been imposed on Norwegian universities, and several anthologies and monographies have been published. Accordingly, this book is a fruitful result of this rehabilitation of Norwegian educational history. The anthology authors mainly come from Norwegian academic research milieus, but some Swedish and Danish scholars also write texts in the book. Generally, the anthology – which mainly focuses on the 19th and 20th centuries – manifests how schools and education always reflect the surrounding society and its dominating ideologies and structures, for example concerning how the implementation reform pedagogy is connected to the process of democratization; how school disciplines, in various ways, are affected by changing civic norms and ideas; how national and Scandinavian ideologies have influenced textbooks; how the development of the Nordic welfare state system decided different types of psychological and pedagogical categorizations of children; how new epistemological approaches in the academic world impact educational policy and curriculum; and on how changes in the Norwegian school system should be interpreted in an international context.;Internasjonalt har det utdanningshistoriske feltet endret seg og vokst de siste tiårene. I samme periode har skole- og pedagogisk idéhistorie i Norge mistet sin tradisjonelle posisjon innen pedagogikk og lærerutdanning. De siste årene har derimot utdanningshistoriske tema blitt løftet innen samfunnsvitenskap, humaniora og ulike skolefag. De ni artiklene i denne antologien gir eksempler fra dagens utdanningshistoriske perspektiv og forskning. Som samlet verk viser dette feltets dybde, bredde og relevans for skole og samfunn. Bokens ni artikler bygger på foredrag fra den første norske utdanningshistoriske konferansen arrangert i april 2023. I Drammen møttes drøyt 70 norske og skandinaviske forskere med utdanningshistorie som felles interesse og fokus. Konferansen ble arrangert av ”Nettverk for norsk utdanningshistorie”, dannet i 2022 etter nordisk og særlig svensk inspirasjon. Nettverk for norsk utdanningshistorie, den første konferansen og dette verket befester og gir løfte om en ny norsk utdanningshistorie. Vi setter punktum for den første konferansen og ser fram til neste i Bergen 2026. Artiklene viser hvordan skole og utdanning historisk speiler samfunnet og utvikling over tid. Vi får innblikk i koblinger mellom reformpedagogikk og demokratisering, mellom en tids samfunns- og borgerideal og skolefagenes innhold. Lenge påvirket nasjonsbygging og nasjonal identitet lærebøker, slik læremidler i kunnskapsløftenes tid preges av menneskerettigheter og demokrati. Vi ser også hvordan velferdsstatens politiske og pedagogiske prosjekt legitimerte psykologisk sortering og kategorisering av barn, og dveler ved forhold mellom bevaringspolitikk, kildetilgang og kunnskapshistorie. Over tid har ulike ambisjoner, vitensfelt og kunnskapssyn slått inn og preget elevens og skolens verden. Artiklene viser hvordan norsk pedagogikk, skole og utdanningsfelt samtidig er preget av særnasjonal tradisjon og internasjonale ideer fram mot vår tids «usamtidighet». Kunnskap om de historiske linjene er nødvendig for å gi morgendagen retning. Skole og utdanning er i sin natur framtidsrettet. Utdanningshistorie gir pedagogisk kart og kompass.

»Hast du so etwas schon mal gesehen – so eine Mischung?!« Die Frauen, die in dieser sozial- und kulturanthropologischen Studie zu Wort kommen, rufen mit einem koreanischen und einem nicht-koreanischen Elternteil zahlreiche Gefühle – von Faszination bis Verachtung – in ihrer Umwelt hervor. Welche Affekte löst dies bei den so multi-rassifizierten Frauen aus? Wessen Gefühle gelten in rassistischen Gesellschaften als legitim? Durch eine affekttheoretische Rassismuskritik offenbart Alexandra Bauer diffus erspürte und daher äußerst effektive Re-Produktionsformen von »Rasse« im Alltag. Thematisiert wird das Ringen der Frauen mit hiesigen Gefühlsordnungen zwischen affektivem Orientierungsverlust, dem Hinterfragen von Herrschaftsverhältnissen bis hin zu Heilungsprozessen.

If from 2nd post-war period and for following 20 years coastal space has maintained even a minimal break with anthropized spaces, starting from the 1970s rapid industrial development has increasingly occupied coasts. These changes along costal space can be understood referring to maritime-coastal region, which are places between land and sea, profoundly different by integration of resources. The chapter focuses its attention on one of the most symbolic maritime cultural assets: lighthouses. They are distributed along the European coastlines, responding to same historical function, and evoking a common past.

Expressive Networks convenes an urgent conversation on digital media and the social life of contemporary poetry. Tracing how poems circulate through online spaces and how capitalized platforms have come to pattern the reading and writing of poetry, contributors emphasize both the expressivist cast of digital literary culture and the deep-running ambivalence that characterizes aesthetic and critical responses to platformed cultural production. The volume features chapters on Pan- African spoken word programs, Singaporean Facebook groups, decolonial hemispheric networks, and Japanese media-critical poetries as well as platforms such as Twitter/X, Instagram, and Amazon. Though contributors write from a variety of methodological positions and address themselves to a range of archives, they share the primary conviction that the impact of Web 2.0 on literary practice is far-reaching, far from self-evident, and far more variegated and unpredictable than easy summations of social media’s influence suggest. Expressive Networks asks after poetry’s present and future by examining what poems themselves express about the social make-up of networked platforms. Edited by Matthew Kilbane with contributions from Cameron Awkward-Rich, Micah Bateman, Andrew Campana, Sumita Chakraborty, Scott Challener, C.R. Grimmer, Tess McNulty, Michael Nardone, Seth Perlow, Anna Preus, Susanna Sacks, Carly Schnitzler, Melanie Walsh, and Samuel Caleb Wee.