Open Access Books

Recent cooperative housing projects in Zurich have become icons of architectural design internationally. But what makes innovation in nonprofit housing possible within a largely for-profit real estate market? What has enabled Zurich’s lasting commitment to nonspeculation for more than one hundred years? How does built architecture partake in these processes — and how does its partaking expand the definition of architecture? “Cooperative Conditions” answers these questions in a systematic investigation of eight conditions that have allowed Zurich’s cooperative housing to thrive under the principles of public benefit, or “Gemeinnützigkeit”. By analyzing specific financial and regulatory instruments, their history, and their intersection with the built environment, this primer shows that the exceptional quality in Zurich’s cooperative housing is possible because of, not despite, the commitment to nonspeculation.

Conventionally, the simulation of power engineering applications can be a challenge for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. For the easy implementation of several kinds of power structure and control structures of power engineering applications, simulators such as MATLAB/(Simulink and coding) are necessary, especially for students, to develop and test various circuits and controllers in all branches of the field of power engineering. This book presents three different applications of MATLAB in the power system domain. The book includes chapters that show how to simulate and work with MATLAB software for MATLAB professional applications of power systems. Moreover, this book presents techniques to simulate power matters easily using the related toolbox existing in MATLAB/Simulink.

From 1971 to 1972, William E. Mitchell undertook fieldwork on suffering and healing among the Lujere of Papua New Guinea’s Upper Sepik River Basin. At a time when it was not yet common to make colonial agencies a subject of anthropological study, Mitchell carefully located his research on Lujere practices in the framework of a history of colonization that surrounded the Lujere with a shifting array of Western institutions, dramatically changing their society forever. This work has been well known among anthropologists of Oceania ever since, but the bulk of it has remained unpublished until now. In this major new work, Mitchell revisits his earlier research with a threepart study on: the history of colonial rule in the region; the social organization of Lujere life at the time; and the particular forms of affliction, witchcraft, and curing that preoccupied some of the people among whom he lived. This is a magisterial contribution to the ethnography of Papua New Guinea and it is sure to be an invaluable source for scholars of Oceania, of medical anthropology, and of the anthropology of kinship, myth, and ritual.

Dual language bilingual programs aim to develop bilingualism, biliteracy, and sociocultural competence while meeting grade-level academic standards. There are at least four dual language bilingual education (DLBE) program models, which are traditionally defined by the student groups they imagine serving. One of these groups is transnational and racialized language learners who are, more often than not, otherwise marginalized in US schools. Well-implemented DLBE programs, with their roots in the historical and political fight for civil and educational rights for children who speak languages other than English, have been shown to be demonstrably effective for this group. Unfortunately, not all programs are well implemented, and they exist in spaces with colonial and racist histories, as pointed out by Guadalupe Valdés’s cautionary note decades ago. Even when DLBE programs are designed specifically for racialized and transnational language learners, research has documented persistent challenges to equity.

Mandeville lives in a transitional age in which economics, morality and politics are not clearly distinguished. He emphasises the contrast between the emerging economic rationality and Christian ethics, between utilitarianism and strict ethics. The motto 'private vices, public benefits' highlights this contradiction. The Dutch philosopher is not an economist in the modern sense, but he questions the causes of the nation's wealth and adopts some of the assumptions of mercantilism, such as the importance of a surplus balance of trade and the policy of low wages. He argues that the primary cause of a nation's wealth is wage labour and is one of the first to grasp the importance of the division of labour. He distinguishes between two types of work: wage labour, which only concerns the poor and is performed out of sheer necessity, and self-employment, which, on the other hand, allows for the satisfaction of the fundamental passions of human nature, such as the desire to improve one's condition and to be esteemed.

The ZHF provides a forum for research on the history of premodern Europe. Its concept is based on the idea of viewing the periods of the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern era as a structural unit that transcends the caesura around 1500. In addition to scholarly articles, the ZHF regularly features current research reports and an extensive review section. A thematic supplement is published twice a year.

Das Thema Bildung und Wirtschaftswachstum hat Tradition. Während in den sechziger Jahren die Impulse direkt aus der Wachstumstheorie kamen, sind es heute zahlreiche Teilströmungen der Bildungsökonomie, die die Klammer zwischen Humanressourcen und Produktivitätswachstum neu beleben. Die in diesem Band zusammengefaßten Beiträge, die im Bildungsökonomischen Ausschuß 1996 in Mannheim präsentiert wurden, unternehmen den Versuch, das bisweilen etwas eklektische Wechselspiel zwischen Bildung und Wirtschaftswachstum durch einige institutionelle, empirische und theoretische Mosaiksteine weiterzuentwickeln. Der Band beginnt mit einem Übersichtsartikel von H.-J. Bodenhöfer und M. Riedel. Die Autoren arbeiten nicht nur die sich im Zeitablauf wandelnde theoretische Einschätzung der Bedeutung des Faktors Bildung für gesamtwirtschaftliche Zusammenhänge heraus, sondern sie stellen die Theorieentwicklung auch in einen direkten Kontext zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung. Die im Eröffnungsbeitrag aufgeworfene Frage nach einer möglichen internationalen Konvergenz der Wachstumsraten wird von A. A. Weber aufgegriffen und einer empirischen Prüfung unterzogen. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluß, daß die vorhandene empirische Evidenz zur Untermauerung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Bildungsniveau und Wirtschaftswachstum nicht sehr robust ist. W. Pfähler, C. Clermont und U. Hofmann verlassen die bisherige Vogelperspektive und präsentieren eine konkrete Fallstudie. Ihren Ergebnissen zufolge übt das Humankapital keinen signifikanten Produktivitätseinfluß aus: Die anhand der durchschnittlichen Hochschulausgaben je Student gemessene Qualität der Hochschulausbildung stehe in keiner Beziehung zur Arbeitsproduktivität. T. Gries, S. Jungblut und H. Meyer gehen in einer theoretischen Untersuchung der Frage nach, ob es einen bildungsökonomisch begründeten Zusammenhang zwischen Produktivitätswachstum und Unterbeschäftigung gibt. Aus einer differenzierten Beantwortung dieser Frage leiten die Autoren wichtige Aufgabenfelder für die Bildungspolitik ab und diskutieren mögliche Effekte einer berufsbegleitenden Fortbildung. B. U. Wigger und R. K. von Weizsäcker skizzieren in ihrer theoretischen Studie ein öffentliches Bildungsprogramm, das insbesondere dem Unsicherheitsaspekt privater Ausbildungsinvestitionen Rechnung trägt. Sie entwickeln ein Argument für Studiengebühren, das sich am erwarteten Erfolg der Ausbildung orientiert. Die Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit erlaubt es, einen Zusammenhang zwischen der individuellen Ausbildungswahl, der volkswirtschaftlichen Ressourcenausstattung und dem Produktivitätswachstum herzustellen.

This MPDI book comprises a number of selected contributions to a Special Issue devoted to the modeling and simulation of living systems based on developments in kinetic mathematical tools. The focus is on a fascinating research field which cannot be tackled by the approach of the so-called hard sciences—specifically mathematics—without the invention of new methods in view of a new mathematical theory. The contents proposed by eight contributions witness the growing interest of scientists this field. The first contribution is an editorial paper which presents the motivations for studying the mathematics and physics of living systems within the framework an interdisciplinary approach, where mathematics and physics interact with specific fields of the class of systems object of modeling and simulations. The different contributions refer to economy, collective learning, cell motion, vehicular traffic, crowd dynamics, and social swarms. The key problem towards modeling consists in capturing the complexity features of living systems. All articles refer to large systems of interaction living entities and follow, towards modeling, a common rationale which consists firstly in representing the system by a probability distribution over the microscopic state of the said entities, secondly, in deriving a general mathematical structure deemed to provide the conceptual basis for the derivation of models and, finally, in implementing the said structure by models of interactions at the microscopic scale. Therefore, the modeling approach transfers the dynamics at the low scale to collective behaviors. Interactions are modeled by theoretical tools of stochastic game theory. Overall, the interested reader will find, in the contents, a forward look comprising various research perspectives and issues, followed by hints on to tackle these.

How can the extraordinary fate of hominins be explained? Humanity’s close kinship with African great apes has been soundly established today, but our species stands out due to its highly original adaptive features – in terms of locomotion, nutrition, and reproduction – which have enabled its unequalled expansion among vertebrates. The increasingly advanced encephalization of hominins has enabled them to have an ever greater degree of social and technical complexity, which in turn has directly influenced their biological evolution. Understanding human evolution therefore consists in understanding the constant interaction between the biological and the cultural.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Prima di cingere la corona del Regno di Sardegna, i principi di Savoia-Carignano rimasero a lungo in precario equilibrio fra Torino, Versailles e Vienna. La politica funambolesca fra differenti universi curiali, abilmente guidata da Maria di Borbone, principessa di Carignano, è al centro di questo libro. Esso studia due vicende che, alla fine del Seicento, rischiarono di compromettere l’onore del clan dinastico: le nozze di Luigi Tommaso, conte di Soissons e il matrimonio del principe Emanuele Filiberto. Seguendo le mosse di Maria di Borbone e delle altre principesse Savoia-Carignano, nelle più acute fasi di crisi, esso invita a riflettere sul peso delle figure femminili nel consolidamento del prestigio familiare, reale e simbolico.

A obra reúne uma série de ensaios produzidos a partir da preocupação do autor em colaborar com o desenvolvimento de diferentes aspectos da Atenção psicossocial. Para ele, a Atenção psicossocial é o “conjunto de ações realizadas no campo da saúde mental, geralmente denominadas tratamento, cuidado, promoção e mesmo atenção” A definição do paradigma de Atenção psicossocial é o objeto dos ensaios e lhes dá unidade, embora cada texto possa ser lido independentemente. Para o autor, o termo “psicossocial”, que tradicionalmente se referia apenas a aspectos psíquicos e sociais secundários à prática psiquiátrica, passou a aspirar o status de conceito, determinando um novo campo da práxis, a partir do momento em que a crítica mais radical à atividade psiquiátrica contribui para sua transformação. Nas últimas décadas, desde que o Ministério da Saúde estabeleceu a Atenção psicossocial como política pública nacional, delimitou-se um campo de saberes baseados em um ideário ético-político que veio a substituir a psiquiatria centrada nas práticas hospitalares e médicas. E, embora hoje o antigo modo de exercício da psiquiatria se encontre subordinado ideologicamente, continua sendo percebido nas práticas cotidianas. De acordo com o autor, “este conjunto de ensaios, com as preocupações teóricas, técnicas e éticas que os atravessam, pretende ser uma contribuição para melhorar nossas caixas de ressonância para a receptividade das demandas dos indivíduos que nos procuram nas instituições substitutivas do manicômio e do hospital psiquiátrico”.

1515 : Marignan ! Date la plus facile à retenir de toute l’Histoire ! Mais qui sait qu’avant la fameuse bataille, François Ier et ses canons avaient franchi les Alpes par des chemins inconnus ? Et que le roi et ses guerriers étaient en armure de combat à 2 000 m d’altitude ? En 2019, des scientifiques et passionnés ont décidé de réitérer l’exploit. Non par pure performance, mais afin d’en mesurer les effets sur le corps et ainsi de mieux comprendre les conditions de traversée des montagnes par les armées de la Renaissance. Il a fallu pour cela faire fabriquer des armures, les endosser et les tester, sur le terrain comme en laboratoire, grâce à des technologies de pointe. En faisant dialoguer les disciplines, telles que l’histoire, la biomécanique, l’informatique et la physiologie, mais aussi des sportifs, associations et troupes de montagne, le projet MarchAlp a fait du corps armé une source d’information, de la montagne un laboratoire, d’une aventure scientifique une aventure humaine

The Western thought pattern has based its development on Platonic and Aristotelian ideas. All this based on the influence by the application of the Judeo-Christian religion in the Roman Empire and its corresponding descendants. The Aristotle model has allowed Christian theories to have a theological support. But the idealistic model of Plato and Aristotle was not the only one in ancient times. In the ostracism remained a different and alternative model that allowed the Greeks to understand the universe in a different way, the materialistic one. We refer to the atomistic ideas of Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus. We have mistakenly believed that Epicureanism led to Stoicism but in fact only some of the ideas of Epicurus' ethics were retaken by the Stoics. The most important thing went to oblivion, we are referring to the ideas of the nature physics. Only in Modernity, the German philosopher Karl Marx in his dissertation The Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature rescued such thought from ancient times. In this work we intend to analyze how these thinkers of ancient times influenced modern Marxism and feminism with their ideas and cognitive models. The first part of this book corresponds to the study developed for the degree thesis at UNAD. This section deals more specifically with the way in which we see how the ancient atomists resurface in the ideas of the young Marx and we also see how the young Marx manages to rescue and implement ancient materialism to interpret the modern world. In the second part, we intend to show in a more precise way, the way in which, from a new materialistic vision of emotions, specifically love and anger, we can make a complete turnaround and understand these emotions as a battle weapon for feminism. In this way, we were able to web together several concepts that Western thought has rarely dared to propose: a Marxist feminism based on the atomist ideas of ancient times.