Open Access Books

Le saint-simonisme n'est pas seulement une « utopie » du xixe siècle spectaculaire par ses manifestations romantiques et par ses réalisations industrielles. Ce qui fascine aujourd'hui dans ce mouvement intellectuel, c'est la modernité, la hauteur de vues et l'efficacité avec lesquelles, au tournant de 1830, il a traité des problèmes de société qui redeviennent les nôtres : quels projets collectifs se fixer après la fin des vieux dogmes ? Comment sortir d'un désordre de choses qui se donne pour le dernier mot de l'Histoire, mais dont les ravages appellent les réformes les plus radicales ? Comment penser et résoudre les inégalités qui divisent les sociétés, les ethnies, les sexes, l'Orient et l'Occident ? Comment s'organiser et par quelles voies s'imposer ou s'infiltrer pour travailler au changement social ? En raison même de son actualité, le patrimoine culturel que constituent les textes saint-simoniens est un terrain de recherche bien identifié et de plus en plus actif. C'est pourquoi l'on a pu intituler « études saint-simoniennes » un recueil d'articles de spécialistes de diverses disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales qui ont accepté de relire ce corpus en profondeur pour en découvrir et en éclairer des aspects ignorés. Sont notamment analysés : le fonctionnement psychologique et la dimension sacrée de la micro-société saint-simonienne, ses théories linguistiques et sa philologie religieuse, son rapport à l'histoire et à la révolution en 1848, son anthropologie politique en matière de « races » et de métissages, son inscription littéraire chez Flaubert et chez Maxime Du Camp, son empreinte idéologique sur le romancier populaire breton Émile Souvestre, sa participation contrastée aux transferts culturels franco-égyptiens. Des documents inédits offrent des aperçus originaux sur la survie du groupe au-delà de sa phase militante. Une mise à jour bibliographique dresse le bilan exhaustif des recherches publiées de 1984 à 2001.

Everyday Religiosity and the Politics of Belonging in Ukraine reveals how and why religion has become a pivotal political force in a society struggling to overcome the legacy of its entangled past with Russia and chart a new future. If Ukraine is "ground zero" in the tensions between Russia and the West, religion is an arena where the consequences of conflicts between Russia and Ukraine keenly play out. Vibrant forms of everyday religiosity pave the way for religion to be weaponized and securitized to advance political agendas in Ukraine and beyond. These practices, Catherine Wanner argues, enable religiosity to be increasingly present in public spaces, public institutions, and wartime politics in a pluralist society that claims to be secular. Based on ethnographic data and interviews conducted since before the Revolution of Dignity and the outbreak of armed combat in 2014, Wanner investigates the conditions that catapulted religiosity, religious institutions, and religious leaders to the forefront of politics and geopolitics.

Initiatives to coordinate schools, cultural institutions, community-based organizations, foundations, and/or government agencies to promote access to arts education in and outside of schools have recently developed. This study looks at the collaboration efforts of six urban communities: how they started and evolved, the kinds of organizations involved, conditions that helped and that hindered coordination, and strategies used.

This Slovenian EPPO/OLAF volume contains thorough information like case law, legal sources, and relevant anti-fraud organisations. A compilation of national statutory laws relating to EPPO investigations in Slovenia is also included, highlighting the legal details that link the references in the EPPO-Regulation to the relevant national laws. The European Anti-Fraud Office and the investigative missions of its national partners in Slovenia are the focus of the second part of the volume, which deals with OLAF investigations. Assoc Prof Dr Benjamin Flander has acted as the publication’s national expert. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Slovenian legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

The discovery of KSHV in 1994 was a historical landmark in tumor virology and human cancer research. Its subsequent identification as a cause of Kaposi sarcoma and in association with primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease soon attracted up to hundreds of research laboratories and thousands of virologists and oncologists to switch their research directions. To date, PubMed has collected nearly 5000 papers on KSHV from numerous journal publications in the world. These studies reiterate that the global fight against human cancers will continue to receive great support from our tremendous efforts in searching for new tumor-causing viruses and in understanding the basic biology of tumor viruses. To celebrate the 20th years of KSHV discovery, I am very proud to be an invited Guest Editor for a special issue on KSHV in the journal "Viruses" and happy to assemble all published articles from the special issue into this book, Kaposi Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus. The collected articles cover almost all aspects of KSHV, including updated reviews and research articles on KSHV epidemiology and transmission, KSHV interaction with host cell receptors and cell entry, KSHV latency and latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), molecular biology of KSHV lytic reactivation and lytic switch control by KSHV ORF50 and other factors, KSHV post-transcriptional regulator ORF57, molecular biology of KSHV polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA) and PAN as a lncRNA in epigenetic gene regulation of KSHV, viral mimics of cellular genes in KSHV infection and disease, KSHV targeted therapy, KSHV miRNAs and vGPCR, etc. In particular, I am greatly honored to have Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore to mark the first 20 years of KSHV research by recounting the historical stories leading to their astonish discovery and Science publication of KSHV that has led us where we are today. The book is also intended to assist Medical students and residents, dermatologists, hematologist, oncologists, and other related specialties to understand what we have known about KSHV and its infections and pathogenesis.

Pluralistische Wissenschaftstheorie ist kein etabliertes Format. Herkömmliche Darstellungen nehmen meist die Perspektive einer einzelnen Ausprägung von Wissenschaft ein, verbunden mit impliziten Wertungen und unbefragten Präferenzen. So belasten Kämpfe um Deutungshoheit notorisch die kooperative Forschung. Werner Kogge entfaltet demgegenüber einen neuen Ansatz: Er zeichnet nach, wie sich aus mehreren historischen Quellen verschiedene Typen wissenschaftlicher Forschung ausprägten, und wie diese Typen heute praktiziert werden. So entsteht ein Bild unterschiedlicher, aber gleichberechtigter Formen wissenschaftlicher Forschungspraxis, ohne hierarchische Staffelung oder eine evolutionäre Entwicklungslinie. Mit dieser Pluralität kommt auch eine neue Form von Interdisziplinarität in den Blick: strukturell, modular und praxisbezogen.

L’impact de la décennie révolutionnaire dans l’avènement d’un système de production et d’échange de type capitaliste a eu beau être amplement débattu, les questions économiques et financières sont restées singulièrement peu étudiées depuis les années 1980. Sur la base de ce constat, ce volume collectif vise à rendre compte d’approches renouvelées pour saisir les dynamiques induites par la Révolution ou impulsées sous la Révolution, du point de vue des régimes de propriétés, des mondes du travail, de l’industrie et du négoce, ou encore des circulations monétaires. D’amplitudes variables sur le plan spatial, temporel et sectoriel, ces dynamiques ne dépendent pas seulement de la capacité des autorités politiques à modeler un cadre légal conforme aux attentes et aux besoins des acteurs économiques, dans un contexte fortement marqué par la guerre et l’inflation ; elles résultent aussi des stratégies individuelles et collectives pour contourner ou infléchir ces normes, s’accommoder de ces contraintes, ou exploiter des opportunités nouvelles. Appréhender ces dynamiques comme le produit de la dialectique entre politiques publiques et pratiques des acteurs revient donc à restituer aux « temps composés » de l’économie révolutionnaire leur indéniable inventivité autant que leur irréductible incertitude.

"As a result of the UN-Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities schools are faced with the challenge to develop inclusive education for pupils with and without special educational needs. This doctoral thesis puts its focus on the question, which elements of quality play an important role concerning the reorganization of the educational system in Germany into an inclusive one. To be able to embed these elements including organizational change, personnel development and the development of teaching in a theoretical framework the second chapter first of all describes historical aspects of inclusive schooling in Germany during the last decades as well as different viewpoints of scientific theories. It seems obvious that reform processes can be compared to wave movements, which end up in restorative efforts after an initial swing of reforms. In addition, demands for inclusive education from the 70s are surprisingly unchanged in the current discourse. Different scientific theories (sociology, educational sociology, theories of education and special education) shape this discourse by a various understanding and use of terms like exclusion and inclusion. The analysis of this scientific discussion leads to the conclusion that attending a so-called „inclusive school“ is not to be equated with the social inclusion of children and young people in general. In the third chapter empirical research concerning the quality of inclusive education from two scientific viewpoints is brought together: the view of special pedagogy and the view of research on schools and teaching in general. Categories, sub-categories and indicators of this quality in the fields of organization, personnel and teaching of (inclusive) schools are collected, systematically structured and weighted by a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the previous research literature. This approach results in a system of categories that gives an overview about this complex research field and provides a basis for further research. The results of two surveys, which have been carried out in the federal state of Saarland, are described and interpreted in the fourth chapter. In this state inclusive education has been practiced for more than thirty years. The qualitative sub-study includes 25 interviews, the quantitative sub-study involves 32 primary and secondary schools as well as four support- and advice centres for inclusive education. Both surveys analyse the perception und evaluation of the quality of inclusion from multiple perspectives: the views of headmasters, mainstream and special school teachers, parents of children with special educational needs and the viewpoints of the pupils themselves. Describing the connections between those different perspectives gives a deep insight into the inner life of inclusive schools. Conclusions for the development of individual schools as well as for the education system as a whole are derived from the results of the studies. Moreover those conclusions are critically classified against the background of the theoretical framework that has been described in the second chapter."

Artykuł jest poświęcony filmowi Petra Zelenki Bracia Karamazow, który miał powstać w otoczeniu kombinatu w Nowej Hucie (naprawdę krakowską hutę gra tu czeski Hrádek), gdzie przebywa grupa czeskich aktorów wystawiających spektakl na podstawie powieści Dostojewskiego. Zelenka wykorzystał autentyczny spektakl przygotowany przez Lukáša Hlavicę dla praskiego Teatru Dejvickiego (premiera w 2000 roku). Koncepcja Zelenki opiera się więc na znanej konwencji „teatru w filmie”, w której elementy sceniczne przeplatają się z realnym życiem, a wydarzenia autentyczne dopełniają fragmenty teatralnej inscenizacji. Zelenka wykorzystuje spektakl Braci Karamazow, który w ujęciu jego twórców skoncentrowany jest na motywie ojcobójstwa, a także na samej postaci Fiodora Karamazowa, wprowadzając go w przestrzeń pokomunistycznego skansenu. To zderzenie wielkiej przypowieści o grzechu ze zdesakralizowanym – w założeniu – symbolem komunistycznej dominacji tworzy główny element wizji filmowej dopełnionej losami aktorów i widzów tego inscenizacyjnego eksperymentu.

« Isolés par la mer, les insulaires sont plus tournés vers eux-mêmes. Leur terre ferme, la vraie, est de l’autre côté du chenal. Cet écart [...] suscite parfois des formes d’originalité singulière », observe Predrag Matvejevitch. Le Colloque de la Société Française d’Études Irlandaises s’était fixé pour objet d’explorer l’espace entre insularité et singularité dans le développement d’une Irlande qui, au moment même où elle paraît s’affirmer, semble partir à la dérive, telle l’île démarrée de Sebastian Barry ou l’île soluble de Fintan O’Toole, dont le dernier ouvrage porte le titre évocateur de The Ex-Isle of Erin. Vingt spécialistes présentent ici le point de vue de poètes et de romanciers, explorent cinq aspects majeurs de la question nord-irlandaise et analysent les mutations identitaires, culturelles et spirituelles d’une Irlande longtemps réduite à n’être, selon la formule lapidaire de G. B. Shaw, qu’une « île derrière une île ».

Academic study of the tantric traditions has blossomed in recent decades, in no small measure thanks to the magisterial contributions of Alexis G.J.S. Sanderson, until 2015 Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at Oxford University. This collection of essays honours him and touches several 􀀄􀀅elds of Indology that he has helped to shape (or, in the case of Śaivism, revolutionised): the history, ritual, and philosophies of tantric Buddhism, Śaivism and Vaiṣṇavism; religious art and architecture; and Sanskrit belles lettres. Former students and other experts in􀀆􀀇uenced by his scholarship here o􀀈fer papers that contribute signi􀀄􀀅cantly to our understanding of the cultural, religious, and intellectual histories of premodern South and Southeast Asia. Readership: Anyone interested in Asia’s tantric traditions, philosophy and religion in premodern India, Sanskrit, and Indology. The book will be essential reading to specialists and advanced students of Śaivism and Tantric Buddhism.

How today's digital devices got their voices, and how we learned to listen to them.From early robots to toys like the iconic Speak & Spell to Apple's Siri, Vox ex Machina tells the fascinating story of how scientists and engineers developed voices for machines during the twentieth century. Sarah Bell chronicles the development of voice synthesis from buzzy electrical current and circuitry in analog components to the robotic sounds of early digital signal processing to today's human sounding applications. Along the way, Bell also shows how the public responded to these technologies and asks whether talking machines are even good for us. Using a wide range of intriguing examples, Vox ex Machina is embedded in a wider story about people—describing responses to voice synthesis technologies that often challenged prevailing ideas about computation and automation promoted by boosters of the Information Age. Bell helps explain why voice technologies came to sound and to operate in the way they do—influenced as they were by a combination of technical assumptions and limitations, the choices of the corporations that deploy them, and the habits that consumers developed over time.A beautifully written book that will appeal to anyone with a healthy skepticism toward Silicon Valley, Vox ex Machina is an important and timely contribution to our cultural histories of information, computing, and media.

L’analyse des dépenses que les ménages français consacrent aux biens et aux services culturels et de communication permet de prendre la mesure des évolutions au cours des années 2000. Si elles ont diminué en 2006 par rapport à 2001 et ne représentent plus que 4 % du budget disponible contre 4,5 % cinq ans plus tôt, la structure des dépenses culture-médias s’est considérablement transformée. La numérisation des biens culturels a amplifié la transition vers une industrie de services. L’analyse confirme l’influence de l’âge, du niveau d’études, de la catégorie socioprofessionnelle et de la taille de la commune de résidence dans la part des dépenses qu’un ménage français consacre aux dépenses culturelles. Une approche typologique des dépenses identifie trois univers de consommation culturelle : la culture « traditionnelle », la culture de l’écran et la culture « jeune ».

This book explores this developer’s dilemma or ‘Kuznetsian tension’ between structural transformation and income inequality. Developing countries are seeking economic development—that is, structural transformation—which is inclusive in the sense that it is broad-based and raises the income of all, especially the poor. Thus, inclusive economic growth requires steady, or even falling, income inequality if it is to maximize the growth of incomes at the lower end of the distribution. Yet, this is at odds with Simon Kuznets hypothesis that economic development tends to put upward pressure on income inequality, at least initially and in the absence of countervailing policies. The book asks: what are the types or ‘varieties’ of structural transformation that have been experienced in developing countries? What inequality dynamics are associated with each variety of structural transformation? And what policies have been utilized to manage trade-offs between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth? The book answers these questions using a comparative case study approach, contrasting nine developing countries while employing a common analytical framework and a set of common datasets across the case studies. The intended intellectual contribution of the book is to provide a comparative analysis of the relationship between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth; to do so empirically at a regional and national level; and to draw conclusions from the cases on the varieties of structural transformation, their inequality dynamics, and the policies that have been employed to mediate the developer’s dilemma.

For some years now the Universities have assumed a dynamic role in fostering the enhancement of enterprise, making a direct contribution to the strategic management of intellectual property and the transfer of research deliverables, as well as in the training of potential entrepreneurs and the creation of structures offering support to new enterprises. Through the elaboration of empirical evidence from two quite different and hardly comparable institutional contexts – the American Babson College and the Italian University of Florence – this study analyses the potential activities of entrepreneurial matrix, in terms of relations, resources and incentives, offered for the use of young businesses in the start-up phase.