Humanities & Social Sciences

Die Raumplanung verkörpert eine komplexe, vielschichtige Aufgabe. Das Gemeinwesen kann oftmals nicht sämtlichen Einzelheiten Rechnung tragen, wenn es die Nutzungs- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten grundlegend und grossräumig ordnet. Gleichzeitig unterliegen die von der Raumplanung tangierten Interessen einem stetigen Wandel. Es liegt in der Natur der Sache, dass die Grundordnung der optimalen Nutzung und Gestaltung mitunter entgegensteht. In einer solchen Konstellation bietet sich nicht selten eine Gestaltungsplanung i.e.S. an. Im Anwendungsbereich dieses Plans besteht typischerweise die Möglichkeit, von der Regel-Raumordnung abweichende Bestimmungen festzulegen. Es ist nicht nur, aber vor allem dieses Potential, welches erlaubt, die städtebaulich einwandfreie Anordnung, Gestaltung und Nutzung von Bauten, Anlagen und natürlichen Freiräumen in suboptimal geregelten Baugebietsabschnitten zu gewährleisten. Mit dem Abweichungspotential gehen spannende Fragen einher. Zunächst interessiert, welche Regeln zum Kreis der potentiellen Objekte gestaltungsplanerischer Abweichungen gehören. Ferner ist entscheidend, welche Voraussetzungen und Grenzen beachtlich sind, wenn mit dem Gestaltungsplan von potentiellen Abweichungsobjekten abweichende Vorgaben gemacht werden. Zu guter Letzt ist fraglich, inwieweit vom planenden Gemeinwesen unabhängige Instanzen überprüfen, ob der Gestaltungsplan ausschliesslich von anerkannten Abweichungsobjekten abweicht und dabei sämtliche im übergeordneten Recht verankerten Abweichungsvoraussetzungen und grenzen erfüllt bzw. einhält. Diesen praxisrelevanten Aspekten nimmt sich die vorliegende Untersuchung an.

The Anthology is intended to provide such a systematic and analitical compendium of original texts, so as to afford some insight in the poetic, stylistic, and conceptual norms which determined the nature and evolution of literature during the first half oft the 19th century.

Das Placebo - konzipiert, um die Wirksamkeit des Arzneimittels objektiv zu überprüfen - entfaltet selbst unterschiedliche Eigenschaften und erzeugt vielfältige Effekte. Anhand von Vertreter_innen der Philosophie, wie Fleck, Rheinberger, Foucault, Baudrillard, Latour und Haraway, zeigt Ulrike Neumaier, dass sich - stellt man das Placebo in den Mittelpunkt einer Untersuchung - nicht nur in der Medizin Begriffe wie »Krankheit« und »Körper« verändern. Vielmehr wird sichtbar, wie Wissenschaft, Technik und Gesellschaft sich vernetzen, wie sich dadurch der Begriff von »Wissenschaft« wandelt und warum vom Zeitalter der Technowissenschaften gesprochen werden kann.

On July 22, 2011, Norway experienced a brutal terror attack on the government quarters in Oslo and on Utøya island, where a summer camp for the Labour Party’s Youth League (AUF) was organized. This book contributes to documenting and learning from what happened after the terror attacks. The attack resulted in the loss of 77 lives, and several hundred people were physically injured. Even many more experienced psychological trauma, whether they had been present themselves or their children, partners, siblings, parents, or friends were affected. The welfare state was put to the test as it had to quickly provide support and assistance. A range of different measures were implemented for those affected, relating to healthcare, psychosocial follow-up, support during the criminal trial, and financial compensation. Fifteen years after the attack, we ask: What did the Norwegian state do, and what were the experiences of the individuals who encountered the systems? What can we learn to best prepare the welfare state for the future? The book presents research from law, sociology of law, medicine, and psychology. It is relevant for anyone interested in how the welfare state responded to those affected on July 22.

What are today’s main concepts and theories – and the main stakes – associated with the issue of competences in organisations? Several topics are discussed, including competence issues regarding the evolution of work, professionalisation, competence evaluation, competence management, and the competences of adult educators and trainers, as well as European policies regarding competence needs and development. From the Contents: Changes in Work and Competences Professionalisation and the Development of Competences in Education and Training The Role of Professional Didactics in Skills Development for Training and Education Professionals Competence Evaluation Processes in Adult Education Competence Management and Adult Education Changes in Vocational Training and New Models of Competences for Individuals

Water transport is a major feature of the traditional Chinese economy because of its magnitude and comparative efficiency. Yet this feature has all too often been ignored by scholars, with the notable exception of Japanese scholars. We cannot hope to gain any real conception of how the Chinese economy worked in the past, or works now, until we have a clearer picture of the circulation of men and commodities. In this circulation, water transport has been and is of crucial importance. Transport in Transition collects and translates notable Japanese articles to throw some light on the evolution of traditional junk shipping during a key transitional phase, 1900–1940, when it was absorbing the influences of various forms of modernization and on the eve of its major organizational transformation under the direction of the Communisty Party. The articles chosen concentrate on two main themes: the institutional organization of the shipping business, and the forms of ownership and operation. They will be of value to business historians and economic sociologists generally as well as to economic historians interested in transport. Several features of the Chinese economy are sharply illuminated. Most striking is the extent of regional variation. North and central Chinese shipping are shown to have differed both in their methods of operaiton and organization. Also noteworthy is the enduring strength of some traditional features of shipping operation and business practice. An unexpected feature of this endurance was the strength of traditional shipping in the face of steady competition from all forms of modern transport and from reputdely more efficient forms of business management.

Modern medicine is increasingly characterised by the division of labour. Therefore, this process as well as the concepts of delegation and substitution need to be clarified on a juridical basis. Accordingly, this dissertation is an approach to answer relevant questions of medical law, such as: Which concrete medical processes can be carried out based on the division of labour without risking legal steps regarding liability or pay to be taken? Based on distinct principles of medical law, the author thus develops a systematic framework for the division of medical labour. In this regard, an applicable and simultaneously docmatically substantiated method is focussed.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. This book explores what is at stake in our confessional culture. Thomas Docherty examines confessional writings from Augustine to Montaigne and from Sylvia Plath to Derrida, arguing that through all this work runs a philosophical substratum - the conditions under which it is possible to assert a confessional mode - that needs exploration and explication. Docherty outlines a philosophy of confession that has pertinence for a contemporary political culture based on the notion of 'transparency'. In a postmodern 'transparent society', the self coincides with its self-representations. Such a position is central to the idea of authenticity and truth-telling in confessional writing: it is the basis of saying, truthfully, 'here I take my stand'. The question is: what other consequences might there be of an assumption of the primacy of transparency? Two areas are examined in detail: the religious and the judicial. Docherty shows that despite the tendency to regard transparency as a general social and ethical good, our contemporary culture of transparency has engendered a society in which autonomy (or the very authority of the subject that proclaims 'I confess') is grounded in guilt, reparation and victimhood.

What does it mean to create a ›model‹ village – and what kinds of futures are imagined in the process? Across the world and throughout history, the village has served as a powerful ideal of harmony, progress, and a better way of living. Focusing on model villages in India and Germany, Rebekka Diestelkamp explores how such ideals are reworked through development agendas, aesthetic norms, and utopian aspirations. She shows how hopes for harmony and sustainability are translated into everyday practices – and how these visions can inspire collective action while also producing new tensions and exclusions. By tracing how rural futures are imagined, performed, and contested, the volume offers fresh insights into contemporary debates on sustainability, community, and social transformation.

The title of the book pays tribute to two Dutch scientists without whom virology would arguably not exist today, at least not in its present guise. The first is Antony van Leeuwenhoek, whose reports of microscopic discoveries in the early eighteenth century aroused interest in the world of invisible creatures. His findings laid the basis for a theory of a particulate cause of infectious diseases, but, as George Rosen wrote, without any tangible results in support of the theory (1993/1958, pp. 84-85). Some 250 years later Martinus Willem Beijerinck launched the discipline of virology with his idea that tobacco mosaic disease (TMD) was caused by a living contagious fluid or filterable living pathogen.

This book provides a coherent and conceptual portrayal of aspects of the theological research theme, entitled Ecodomy (literally meaning to ‘build a house’). In its figurative meaning the term Ecodomy addresses the theme, ‘life in its fullness’. This fullness of life entails a polarity which is inherently part of life, namely its brokenness and its wholeness. From various theological disciplines, namely Old Testament Studies, New Testament Studies, Systematic Theology, Church History and Practical Theology, both the brokenness and wholeness are addressed theologically. Every chapter focuses on a specific theological discipline, while the combination of theological disciplines, addresses the brokenness and wholeness of life as coherent concept. One pole does not exclude the other. Brokenness is visible in current or recent very relevant societal challenges, such as racism and xenophobia, apartheid, foreignness and exclusivism, leadership crises and violence. In contrast, wholeness is embedded in themes such as the African concept of ubuntu, a life of faith and wisdom, reconciling leadership, or transforming space and community. Ultimately, a Greek term ἀναίδεια (persistence) is connected to the meaning of Ecodomy and ‘life in its fullness’. Several methodologies have been used in the different contributions of the book. Every theological discipline applies a different methodology for the purpose of exposing a specific topic or research theme. In general, the contributions in this book follow a combination of a literature study with the further application of diachronic and synchronic exegetical methods. In addition, single contributions follow an own hermeneutical approach. Not one single contribution, but a combination of different theological disciplines, which form the concepts of brokenness and wholeness (life in its fullness), which expose the polarity of life, are included in this book. In its exposed interdisciplinary interwovenness, the book provides a tapestry of how different theological disciplines are combined into a single theme and how they contribute together by means of theological analyses and attempted building blocks to build the broken ‘houses’ of societal structures or human life. The book contributes to selected aspects of broken life in society and the healing experiences of human life. Several themes touch on recent and relevant challenges which have contributed to the brokenness of life. Not only in South Africa, but globally these are currently relevant themes. They include realities of racism and xenophobia, apartheid, foreignness and exclusivism, leadership crises and violence. With the focus on wholeness, specific attention is given to the African concept of ubuntu, a life of faith and wisdom, reconciling leadership, and transforming space and society. A Greek term ἀναίδεια (insolence as ‘in keeping on asking’ – Lk 11:8) illuminates the theme of Ecodomy from the perspective of a parable. The target audience of the book is academic scholars and theologians, who specialise in the different fields of Theology, the Humanities and other Social Sciences. Furthermore, the book is also accessible to scholars of other academic disciplines outside these disciplines. The book contains original research and contributions have not been plagiarised from publications elsewhere.

Adopting a comparative approach, this book argues that many iconic 21st -century metaphors and images used to communicate climate change and ecological crisis actually conceal the destructive foundations of Anthropocene life. Climate crisis images and narratives produced by the global north have long structured the way environmental change is understood and managed. This open access book examines how apocalyptic 'climate memes' – which are familiar from dominant environmental media, eco-art and science communication – risk invisibilising ecological and social injustices on the ground and perpetuating colonizing and violent planetary responses. The book showcases alternative climate imaginaries emerging from global south, Indigenous-led and anti-colonial movements. Through five case studies in Chile, Greenland, the Pacific Islands, the UK, and Canada, it introduces key contemporary artists, activists and scholars whose creative interventions challenge colonial, extractive, and late capitalist thinking. Among them are the artistic and filmic collaborations, land defence projects, performances and installations of activist artists including Craig Santos Perez, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner and Rita Wong. The book advocates for collaborative, transdisciplinary, and grassroots action in reconfiguring ecological relations, shifting from technocratic solutions to culturally and contextually grounded practices. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The University of Exeter.

This monograph explores the ways in which people experience ‘development’ and how development shapes and maintains their lives. The discussion begins with Lampung Province, moves to one of the province’s highland regions, and ends in a village in this highland region. Colonial and post-colonial initiatives drove the transformation of Lampung in the twentieth century bringing mixed results and effects including rapid growth in agricultural production, the formation of ‘wealthy zones’ in some areas, and the creation of pockets of poverty in other areas. In Sumber Jaya and the highlands of Way Tenong, migrants have transformed one of Lampung’s last frontier regions into one of its ‘wealthy zones’. Although the bulk of these migrants migrated spontaneously, they were integrated within the framework of planned development. The level of progress that the region has achieved is largely the result of villagers’ efforts to bring state resources to the village. In conflict with forestry authorities for decades, farmers in some villages have agreed to establish a new relationship with authorities, but the struggle for control over land resources continues.

This open access book consists of 39 short essays that exemplify how interactions between inter- and trans-national interdependencies and domestic factors have shaped the dynamics of social policy in various parts of the world at different points in time. Each chapter highlights a specific type of interdependence which has been identified to provide us with a nuanced understanding of specific social policy developments at discrete points in history. The volume is divided into four parts that are concerned with a particular type of cross-border interrelation. The four parts examine the impact on social policy of trade relations and economic crises, violence, international organisations and cross-border communication and migration. This book will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students in the field of social policy, global history and welfare state research from diverse disciplines: sociology, political science, history, law and economics.

School-based violence is of major concern in the South African schooling system, particularly in secondary schools. School-based violence has a negative impact on the physical, social, cognitive and emotional well-being of learners and teachers. To compound matters, family and community environment also play a role in escalating school violence. There is a need to develop interventions that are evidence-based and developmental in nature to address the issue of reducing school-based violence. Youth empowerment can be used as a helpful strategy to address the issue of school-based violence. This scholarly book focuses on using the framework of youth empowerment to address the issue of school-based violence. Through sound research, the author proposes that schools should involve learners in decision-making around school policies and design strategies to address school violence to create safer schools and a better school climate. The author further posits using key aspects of youth empowerment in school violence campaigns and programmes to increase youth motivation to collectively influence changes within their school through a process of shared decision-making, collective vision, and partnership with young people.