Humanities & Social Sciences

The volume collects the contributions presented at the XVII national congress of AIMETA. The contributions are grouped according to the various sectors of theoretical and applied mechanics and are offered by a vast scientific community. In addition to the classical sectors, themes of interdisciplinary significance and of considerable interest and highly innovative content were added, for the analysis of which small exchange symposia were proposed. Organised according to 52 sessions (plenary and parallel), the volume contains 290 scientific works that are mainly the result of international cooperation. Therefore, the work represents a significant picture of the current situation and future prospects for mechanics.

The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.

This book presents a comprehensive review of new research and practice-based insights from Nepal’s four decades of community forestry development, delving into when and how community-based management can lead to forest landscape restoration and equitable livelihoods. With over four decades of formal program history, Nepal’s community forestry is a rare case from the Global South showcasing the trajectories and outcomes of a community-based environmental management initiative. It offers historically proven lessons of what it takes to restore degraded forests in a way that empowers local communities to make decisions. The book showcases research and experiential insights of those who became part of Nepal’s community forestry movement from the early years to the current stage. Tracing stories of change from the era of "Himalayan degradation" in the 1970s to the globally hailed success of community forestry in the 2000s, the book demonstrates how the policy, political economy, and changing community dynamics have shaped the everyday practice of community forestry and its contribution to livelihoods and forest restoration. It reveals how small-scale work in the early years evolved into a complex system of community forestry, exposing the challenges associated with social exclusion, resource management, and policy environment. As such, it makes an important contribution to the global knowledge on community-driven forest landscape restoration in the Global South where forest ecosystems are inseparable from the everyday life and livelihoods of local communities. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and practitioners working on forest restoration and conservation, community development, environmental policy and planning, and sustainable development more widely.

"This book is the first in a series of publications from the Department of Leadership and Organization at Høyskolen Kristiania. Through 12 chapters, we highlight leadership-related issues concerning, among other things, digitalization, employee empowerment, consulting, behavioral biology, mentoring programs, self-leadership, corporate health, trust, and workplace inclusion. The chapters include studies within the business arena, the public sector, sports and the media, touching on one or more key dimensions of the research field: • Good leadership takes into account that people are more than processes. • Good leadership rides on the realization that our scope of action is crucial to how we manage our work. • Good leadership reflects understanding the importance of the context in which people and organizations find themselves • Good leadership means being aware of the relationship between change and continuity On the one hand, the chapters explore themes, cases and concepts that bring the field of research forward, especially in the Norwegian context, with a diversity of theoretical, conceptual and empirical studies. On the other hand, these same chapters challenge a number of assumptions, language choices and claims within management research that can obscure the value of the subject matter for working life in general. As this is a scientific anthology, the chapters are rich in research-based insights into circumstances and processes about which tomorrow's leaders will benefit from knowing. The book is therefore primarily aimed at researchers, managers and leadership developers, but it will also engage students and practitioners with an interest in leadership and management disciplines."

The term inclusion is used to refer to moments of change on several social levels. This study finds its starting point in distinguishing between affirmations of a social, an institutional, and a professional change in the context of primary schools’ developmental claim of inclusion. Against this background, inclusion becomes comprehensible as a counterfactual language game. In its course normativity(ies) are constantly negotiated and produced. For primary school teachers, whose actions are based on the claim of inclusion, an axiological task of professionalization arises. They have to translate the normativity(ies) of inclusion into a practical everyday morality. In doing so, they must mediate between institutionalized expectations, the self-claim of inclusion, and the inherent logic of organizational practice. Thus, within the organization of an inclusion-oriented primary school, different everyday moral milieus emerge. This study aims to make these milieus understandable in order to contribute to the resolution of the desideratum of a specific perspective on the profession of the primary school teacher. On the other hand, a view on the school development claim of inclusion is to be offered that refers to the profession of the primary school teacher. Following educational biographical research, the reconstructive study finds access to the practical everyday morals of pedagogical actors in practices of (professional) biographical speaking. The core sample consists of pedagogues of a primary school under construction, which offensively formulates its inclusion-oriented development claim. In three dimensions, practices of normative relevance emerge in the documentary interpretation. These are (1) the handling of primary school traditions, (2) the relationship of the pedagogical self to colleagues, and (3) the possibilities and limits of pedagogical action in the confrontation with deviant students. Four ethos-types can then be abstracted as everyday moral milieus. In these, the different manifestations of the three normative dimensions stand in ideal-typical relationships. Against the background of a praxeological definition of pedagogical professionalism and professionalization, the type of the ethos of adaptation emerges as the most clearly professionalized. The expansion of the sample to include the cases of a ‘democratic’ primary school shows that the simultaneity of stability in pupil-related activities and the dynamics related to the developmental claim correspond empirically with the claim of inclusion in the ethos of adaptation.

Following his retirement in 1976 from a distinguished career as a teacher and administrator at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, Cratis Williams wrote these memoirs of his life odyssey from a log cabin in eastern Kentucky to the upper echelons of American education.

"Links" are among the most basic---and most unexamined---features of online life. Bringing together a prominent array of thinkers from industry and the academy, The Hyperlinked Society addresses a provocative series of questions about the ways in which hyperlinks organize behavior online. How do media producers' considerations of links change the way they approach their work, and how do these considerations in turn affect the ways that audiences consume news and entertainment? What role do economic and political considerations play in information producers' creation of links? How do links shape the size and scope of the public sphere in the digital age? Are hyperlinks "bridging" mechanisms that encourage people to see beyond their personal beliefs to a broader and more diverse world? Or do they simply reinforce existing bonds by encouraging people to ignore social and political perspectives that conflict with their existing interests and beliefs? This pathbreaking collection of essays will be valuable to anyone interested in the now taken for granted connections that structure communication, commerce, and civic discourse in the world of digital media. "This collection provides a broad and deep examination of the social, political, and economic implications of the evolving, web-based media environment. The Hyperlinked Society will be a very useful contribution to the scholarly debate about the role of the internet in modern society, and especially about the interaction between the internet and other media systems in modern society." ---Charles Steinfield, Professor and Chairperson, Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media, Michigan State University Joseph Turow is Robert Lewis Shayon Professor at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania. He was named a Distinguished Scholar by the National Communication Association and a Fellow of the International Communication Association in 2010. He has authored eight books, edited five, and written more than 100 articles on mass media industries. His books include Niche Envy: Marketing Discrimination in the Digital Age and Breaking up America: Advertisers and the New Media World. Lokman Tsui is a doctoral candidate at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests center on new media and global communication. Cover image: This graph from Lada Adamic's chapter depicts the link structure of political blogs in the United States. The shapes reflect the blogs, and the colors of the shapes reflect political orientation---red for conservative blogs, blue for liberal ones. The size of each blog reflects the number of blogs that link to it. digitalculturebooks is an imprint of the University of Michigan Press and the Scholarly Publishing Office of the University of Michigan Library dedicated to publishing innovative and accessible work exploring new media and their impact on society, culture, and scholarly communication. Visit the website at www.digitalculture.org.

Political Science

This open access book looks at the development and consolidation of EU disability law as a distinct field of enquiry. It provides novel approaches to studying EU disability law. In a departure from other books on the topic, it takes a contextual approach, both engaging with current debates and policies and providing rigorous legal analysis. In addition to looking at the ‘how’ of the field’s development, it addresses the ‘who’ by charting the key stakeholders in the field. This is an insightful and innovative take on an increasingly significant field of EU law. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the European Research Council.

In economics, business, and government policy, innovation policy requires the creation of new approaches based on insight in what happens in innovation processes, on the micro level of people, firms and interaction between them. In innovation policy it should also be recognized that innovation entails a whole range of activities beyond R&D, such as entrepreneurship, design, commercialization, organization, collaboration and the diffusion of knowledge and innovations . This edited volume explores the roles of individuals and organizations involved in the creation and application of innovations. Covering topics as diverse as the macro-economic importance of innovation, theories of knowledge and learning, entrepreneurship, education and research, organizational innovation, networks and regional innovation systems, Micro-Foundations for Innovation Policy provides critical insights into the development of innovation policy.

This collection addresses the concept of gender in the middle ages through the study of place and space, exploring how gender and space may be mutually constructive and how individuals and communities make and are made by the places and spaces they inhabit. From womb to tomb, how are we defined and confined by gender and by space? Interrogating the thresholds between sacred and secular, public and private, enclosure and exposure, domestic and political, movement and stasis, the essays in this interdisciplinary collection draw on current research and contemporary theory to suggest new destinations for future study.

This book challenges every common presumption that exists about the trafficking of women for the sex trade. It is a detailed account of an entire population of trafficked Albanian women whose varied experiences, including selling sex on the streets of France, clearly demonstrate how much the present discourse about trafficked women is misplaced and inadequate. The heterogeneity of the women involved and their relationships with various men is clearly presented as is the way women actively created a panoptical surveillance of themselves as a means of self-policing. There is no artificial divide between women who were deceived and abused and those who "choose" sex work; in fact the book clearly shows how peripheral involvement in sex work was to the real agenda of the women involved. Most of the women described in this book were not making economic decisions to escape desperate poverty nor were they the uneducated naïve entrapped into sexual slavery. The women's success in transiting trafficking to achieve their own goals without the assistance of any outside agency is a testimony to their resilience and resolve.

This book examines the complex relationships between young masculinities and sexual health within Southern Africa. It considers how socio-cultural and economic factors shape young men’s experiences of masculinity and the effects on relationship dynamics, gender norms and sexual health. Through thematic chapters covering love, pleasure, social norms, risk, and HIV, the book emphasises the global importance of engaging young men in fostering gender equity and promoting healthier sexual practices. Readers will benefit from a diverse range of methodologies and perspectives that highlight the plurality and fluidity of masculinities, challenging monolithic accounts of young men in the region whilst illustrating the global relevance of understanding local contexts in shaping masculinities. The book provides valuable insights for developing effective sexual health interventions that recognise and embrace 'other' masculinities. Sexual health approaches that resonate with the lived realities of young men can potentially enhance young men’s engagement and participation in promoting healthier relationships and practices. With important insights for theory, policy, and practice, this book will be of interest to researchers across the fields of critical masculinity studies, sexual and reproductive health, gender studies and African studies, as well as policymakers, development practitioners, and activists.

"What do we do when we read? Reading can be an act of consumption or an act of creation. Our “work reading” overlaps with our “pleasure reading,” and yet these two modes of reading engage with different parts of the self. It is sometimes passive, sometimes active, and can even be an embodied form. The contributors to this volume share their own histories of reading in order to reveal the shared pleasure that lies in this most solitary of acts – which is also, paradoxically, the act of most complete plenitude. Many of the contributors engage in academic writing, and several publish in other genres, including poetry and fiction; some contributors maintain an active online presence. All are engaged with reading’s capacity to stimulate and excite as well as to frustrate and confuse. The synergies and tensions of online reading and print reading animate these thirteen contributions, generating a sense of shared community. Together, the authors open their libraries to us. This is how we read."

"Scenes and Topics of the History of Ecology" is the third workshop report presenting selected places of importance for the history of ecology, that can be recommended as travel destinations. Some topics could be attributed to a certain location only with great difficulties - if at all. For others there may be imaginary associations only. Therefore some essays and papers do not strictly adhere to the original intention. The volume continues the reports from the seminars, which are also intended to give outside observers a chance to stress their ecological consciousness. The reports may also serve as discussion material for similar seminars.