Humanities & Social Sciences

Industrial / commercial art & design

Die Sonderausstellung "Vom Abakus zu EXASCALE - 50 Jahre Informatik aus Franken", die in 2016 im Museum Industriekultur stattfand nach, war ein voller Erfolg. Allerdings kann im Rahmen einer Ausstellung nicht so viel Information transportiert werden, wie sich die Ausstellungsmacher eigentlich wünschen. Das vorliegende Band soll daher umfassendere Hintergrundinformationen zur Ausstellung, zu den dort behandelten Themen, zur Informatik-Sammlung Erlangen und zu wichtigen Personen der Informatik geben. Dabei wird ein Teil der lokalen und regionalen Geschichte der Informatik, der Computergeschichte, der hier ansässigen Firmen und der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg beleuchtet und ihren Einfluss und Bedeutung herausgestellt.

Based on information about more than 600 Viennese Jewish officials, the book examines issues related to the self-characterization and outside characterization of Jews in Vienna. Sports are an important part of urban identity politics, providing a multifaceted image of engagement with Jewish “difference.” The study focuses on mass consumption sports, especially football, but includes swimming, boxing, and workers’ sports.

Life sciences: general issues

Geoffrey Hill’s Speech! Speech! (2000) encapsulates two thousand years’ worth of utterances in a symbolic act of remembrance and expression of despair for the current age, in which we find “our minds and ears fouled by degraded public speech—by media hype, insipid sermons, hollow political rhetoric, and the ritual misuse of words.” Through 120 densely allusive stanzas—“As many as the days that were | of SODOM”—the poem wrestles this condition from within, fighting fire with fire in an alchemical symbolic labour that transmutes the dross of corrupt and clichéd idiom into a dynamic logopoeia which proves true Hill’s persistent claim: “genuinely difficult art is truly democratic.” Such is the weird, ambivalently hostile position of poetry in the present world and thus the space of our real connection to it: “Whatever strange relationship we have with the poem, it is not one of enjoyment. It is more like being brushed past, or aside, by an alien being” (Hill). Befriending this estrangement, embracing it as a more amicable brushing-up-against, Hassan’s Annotations is a thorough and patient explication of Speech! Speech! that both clarifies and deepens the poem’s difficulties, illuminating its polyphonic language and careening discursive movement. The author’s method is at once commentarial, descriptive, and narratorial, staying faithfully with the poem and following its complex verbal and logical turns. The book generously provides, rather than direct interpretative incursion, a more durable and productive document of “the true nature / of this achievement” (stanza 92), a capacious, open understanding of the text that will prove invaluable to its present and future readers.

It is often believed that expressions, gestures, and habits are natural and common to all individuals. These elements have a deep cultural matrix based on the patterns that characterise one society but differentiate it from another. The causes that can generate misunderstandings can be traced back to linguistic factors, differences in values, non-verbal codes. In this volume, these aspects are presented in the context of intercultural communication between Italians and Spanish. The purpose of the volume is to focus on a few key points of intercultural communication and has no pretension of exhaustiveness; the interviews, although aimed at offering as diversified an overview as possible, can certainly not offer a mapping of the infinite nuances of human behaviour: communicating, as a matter of fact, is not a matter of cultures but of people, each with their own original way of re-elaborating the stimuli and conditioning that their culture offers.

The French théâtre classique , the English Renaissance and Restoration stage, the Spanish comedia nueva : by the late seventeenth century, European drama had crystallised into strikingly different traditions, each one with its own distinctive formal features. But how did this diversity arise? Drawing on a multilingual corpus of early modern plays and employing novel computational methods, Luca Giovannini offers here an empirical reconstruction of the evolution of dramatic literature in Europe between 1561 and 1710. Both a contribution to comparative literary history and a methodological proposal for the computational study of literary form, this book shows how quantitative approaches can help reshape long-standing humanistic debates.

Als Tableaux vivants oder ‹lebende Bilder› bezeichnet man von lebenden Personen nachgestellte Gemälde oder Skulpturen. Um 1900 erfreute sich diese eigenartige Form der Schaustellung unter anderem auf den Bühnen der großen Varietétheater, auf Volksfesten und bei Vereinsabenden großer Beliebtheit. Der vorliegende Band zeigt, dass Tableaux vivants als wesentlicher Bestandteil der visuellen Kultur dieser Jahre auch einen Bezugsrahmen für die Entstehung des neuen Massenmediums Film bildeten. Dabei werden diverse intermediale Konstellationen in den Blick genommen: gemeinsame Aufführungskontexte und Publikumsschichten, aber auch Filme, die bewusst auf Inszenierungsweisen der älteren Unterhaltungsform zurückgriffen. Der Band präsentiert eine Fülle an historischem Material zu Tableaux-vivants-Aufführungen um 1900 und analysiert zugleich zahlreiche Filme aus dem internationalen Kino der Attraktionen bis 1914, u.a. die magischen Trickfilme von Georges Méliès und Segundo de Chomón, frühe Filmburlesken von Pathé und Gaumont sowie Aufnahmen populärer Varieténummern. Er leistet zudem eine eingehende Auseinandersetzung mit der frühen Filmtheorie der Jahre um 1910.

Hierdie boek is toegespits op navorsers en doen verslag oor navorsing wat oor die afgelope paar jaar onderneem is om vas te stel hoe inligtingstegnologie aangewend is en kan word vir navorsingsdoeleindes binne die geesteswetenskappe, sowel as watter implikasies die gebruik van inligtingstegnologie vir die geesteswetenskappe inhou in die inligtingsera. Die beginsels, implikasies, probleme en geleenthede van inligtingstegnologie en die digitale revolusie word teen die agtergrond van grootdata bespreek, en word veral in verband gebring met die geesteswetenskappe in Suid-Afrika.

Wie hat die Neue Frauenbewegung Einfluss auf den Wandel von Geschlechterkonstruktionen genommen? Insbesondere im Vergleich älterer und jüngerer Frauengenerationen sind die Veränderungen unübersehbar. Diese empirische Studie rekonstruiert eklatante Umbrüche in Frauenbiographien über je drei Familiengenerationen hinweg. Die Impulse der Frauenbewegung erweisen sich dabei als Bezugspunkte individueller Biographiekonstruktionen und intergenerationaler Interaktionen - nahezu unabhängig von der Nähe oder Distanz der Beteiligten zur Bewegung. Allerdings folgt die individuelle Bezugnahme häufig eigenen Logiken, die mit den Intentionen der Frauenbewegung wenig gemein haben.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der Untersuchung von zwei Bereichen der russischen Formenbildung gewidmet. Bei diesen Bereichen handelt es sich einmal um die finiten Verbalformen im Präsens, zum andernmal um die finiten Verbalformen im Präteritum. Die beiden genannten Bereiche der russischen Formenbildung sollen hier unter Zuhilfenahme eines sogenannten analytisch-synthetisch-funktionellen Verfahrens beschrieben werden.

This book provides an insight into the patterns of variation and change of rhotics in different languages and from a variety of perspectives. It sheds light on the phonetics, the phonology, the socio-linguistics and the acquisition of /r/-sounds in languages as diverse as Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Kuikuro, Malayalam, Romanian, Slovak, Tyrolean and Washili Shingazidja thus contributing to the discussion on the unity and uniqueness of this group of sounds.

In this paper I will not seek to settle this question for individual cases of shared characteristics between two specific languages (e.g. why do French and German have no distance contrast in demonstratives?; see Diessel 2008;Cysouw 2011), because individual historical developments cannot be predicted by a general theory of human language. Specific historical events can only be reconstructed by an in-depth investigation of the actual history of a specific situation. However, I propose that the influence of borrowing vis-à-vis genealogical descent can be investigated in the aggregate (cf. Nerbonne and Siedle 2005; Nerbonne 2009 on the notion “aggregate”).To investigate the relationship between typological structure, genealogical descent, and borrowing, I will use data from the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS, Haspelmath et al. 2005). This resource provides information about typological structure and genealogical descent, but not about possible contact or the probability of borrowing. To approach the probability of borrowing, I will use the present-day geographical distribution of languages, assuming that the probability of borrowing is inversely correlated with geo-graphical distance. Specifically, geographically close languages will have a higher probability of contact, and likewise a higher probability of borrowing.

National school systems have been significantly conditioned by two global trends since the end of the 20th century. On the one hand, there is a shift towards inclusive education that aims at accommodating schooling to all pupils’ learning conditions. On the other hand, there is a rapidly growing focus on standards, emphasising goal achievement for all pupils as well. In this field of tension, the profession of special educators has been central, as it has traditionally focused on students for whom instruction in regular classrooms lacks appropriate educational solutions yet still expects regular goal achievement. While much is known about how global trends have changed national school systems and teaching professions, we know little about how these trends have affected special education professions internationally. Against this background, this volume presents studies on the formation of Special education professions since the 2000s in Germany and Sweden.

In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it. The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.” Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.