Humanities & Social Sciences

Ole Engel untersucht in diesem Open-Access-Buch erstmalig auf der Grundlage einer großen Studie die Bildungs-/Berufsverläufe, die Arbeitssituation, internationale Aktivitäten sowie die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe von Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund. Die empirische Grundlage bildet die MOBIL-Studie der HU Berlin, an der über 200 Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund teilgenommen haben. Die Gruppe kommt primär aus dem europäischen und angelsächsischen Ausland. Bildungs- und Berufsverläufe sind häufig durch Mehrfachmigration geprägt. Professoren mit Migrationshintergrund sind wichtige Akteure sowohl für die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Lehre als auch durch ihre interkulturellen Aktivitäten. Die eigene Herkunft wird von über der Hälfte als beruflicher Vorteil beschrieben, wohingegen insbesondere Professoren aus Entwicklungsländern von Nachteilen berichten. Der Großteil der Professoren verweist auf ein internationales Selbstverständnis, wobei nur selten Bezüge zur nationalen Herkunft hergestellt werden, vielmehr wird die eigene Biografie und Profession betont.

This open-access proceedings volume brings selected, peer-reviewed contributions presented at the Fourth Stochastic Transport in Upper Ocean Dynamics (STUOD) 2023 Workshop, held at IFREMER in Plouzané, France, September 25–28, 2023. The STUOD project is supported by an ERC Synergy Grant, and led by Imperial College London, the National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automatic Control (INRIA), and the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). The project aims to deliver new capabilities for assessing variability and uncertainty in upper ocean dynamics. It will provide decision makers a means of quantifying the effects of local patterns of sea level rise, heat uptake, carbon storage, and change of oxygen content and pH in the ocean. Its multimodal monitoring will enhance the scientific understanding of marine debris transport, tracking of oil spills, and accumulation of plastic in the sea. All topics of these proceedings are essential to the scientific foundations of oceanography which has a vital role in climate science. Studies convened in this volume focus on a range of fundamental areas, including: Observations at a high resolution of upper ocean properties such as temperature, salinity, topography, wind, waves and velocity; Large-scale numerical simulations; Data-based stochastic equations for upper ocean dynamics that quantify simulation error; Stochastic data assimilation to reduce uncertainty. These fundamental subjects in modern science and technology are urgently required in order to meet the challenges of climate change faced today by human society. This proceedings volume represents a lasting legacy of crucial scientific expertise to help meet this ongoing challenge, for the benefit of academics and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, computational science, data analysis, data assimilation, and oceanography.

Europe, as the title of this collective book indicates, is a project under construction and David Sassoli, who is honored here, one of its most striking and memorable builders. European construction, despite all the deviations and hesitations that distinguish every single genuine human situation, has been based on a set of values that represent our own identity, in the full recognition of all the differences that simultaneously nourish it. Culture has progressively played a major role in this lasting European undertaking. In this chapter, by honoring a man who hoped for a better spiritual condition for Europe, we reassess one of the main instruments for establishing a cultural path in Europe: the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) project. The record and the tone of the following pages is far beyond the usual scope of mere description. Guided by the inspiring example of Sassoli, we face up to suggest a set of measures that will allow the ECOC action to fully meet its purpose, thus contributing to make the cultural option in Europe truly irreversible.

Reports on a new generation of Internet controls that establish a new normative terrain in which surveillance and censorship are routine.Internet filtering, censorship of Web content, and online surveillance are increasing in scale, scope, and sophistication around the world, in democratic countries as well as in authoritarian states. The first generation of Internet controls consisted largely of building firewalls at key Internet gateways; China's famous “Great Firewall of China” is one of the first national Internet filtering systems. Today the new tools for Internet controls that are emerging go beyond mere denial of information. These new techniques, which aim to normalize (or even legalize) Internet control, include targeted viruses and the strategically timed deployment of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, surveillance at key points of the Internet's infrastructure, take-down notices, stringent terms of usage policies, and national information shaping strategies. Access Controlled reports on this new normative terrain. The book, a project from the OpenNet Initiative (ONI), a collaboration of the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto's Munk Centre for International Studies, Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, and the SecDev Group, offers six substantial chapters that analyze Internet control in both Western and Eastern Europe and a section of shorter regional reports and country profiles drawn from material gathered by the ONI around the world through a combination of technical interrogation and field research methods.

The article analyses the demographic transformation in the West driven by increased longevity and declining birth rates, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in how ageing is perceived. It emphasizes that the post-work phase, now lasting 20-30 years, should not be seen as a period of decline but as a time for growth and active participation in society. The crucial role of the Third Sector and volunteering is underlined in promoting active ageing, combating loneliness, and encouraging learning. The importance of lifelong learning for older adults is explored, along with the role of local networks in providing accessible educational opportunities. The article concludes by stressing the need to establish local educational pacts to foster intergenerational exchange and build more inclusive communities.

Although Zoroastrians in the contemporary world are numerically few – estimated recently at less than 150,000 across the globe – their ancient Iranian ancestors ruled vast areas of the Near East for over a millennium. From the mid‑sixth century BCE to the mid‑seventh century CE, the historical contribution of the ‘Mazda-worshipping’ religion to the intellectual, cultural, and political development of the region was momentous. The migration of some Zoroastrians to north-western India also had a significant social and economic impact on early modern and modern India. From the mid-seventeenth century until the present, Zoroastrianism has also played an important role in European discourse. Written by a distinguished team of international contributors, including many Zoroastrians, The Zoroastrian World presents a global guide to Zoroastrianism from the earliest period to the modern day, offering original perspectives through substantial thematic contributions on the lived experience of Zoroastrian communities across the world. This volume is organised into five distinct sections: •Imagining Zoroastrianism •The Developing Zoroastrian World •Living Realities: Zoroastrian Narrative and Symbol in the Modern World •Contemporary Challenges in the Zoroastrian World •Creative Contributions from the Zoroastrian World The Zoroastrian World provides an authoritative and accessible source of information on topics relating to the Zoroastrian religion, with a particular focus on interdisciplinary connections. The volume is essential reading for students engaged in studies of Religion, Philosophy and Ethics; Ancient and Modern Iran; the Near and Middle East; Central Asia; South Asian Religions; and Cultural History. The Zoroastrian World is intended for all curious readers, who seek to know more about this ancient, enduring religion.

This state-of-the-art handbook provides a comprehensive review of recent research and academic thought on the relationship between marketing and sustainability. It combines a ‘micro-marketing’ approach considering how to market more sustainable goods and services, with a more critical perspective considering the implications of our marketing systems for the future of the planet and humankind. It also balances a traditional socio-economic perspective on marketing with a physical systems perspective considering how the consequences of our consumption and production systems play out over time and space. Bringing together a range of leading international experts from more than a dozen countries, this unique collection addresses both the environmental side of the sustainability agenda, through topics such as product development, packaging and circular economy initiatives, and its social side through topics such as fair trade marketing, bottom-of-the-pyramid initiatives and marketing ethics. A range of key market contexts are discussed including food, mobility, tourism, luxury consumption and sports along with important developments in the field around social marketing, sustainable lifestyles, new information technologies and the need for better marketing of sustainability. Exploring how marketing can meet the challenge of the transition towards a more sustainable economy and a fairer society, this unique volume will be welcomed by researchers, students and practitioners from a variety of fields including marketing, business ethics, sociology and environmental studies. Chapter 23 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

Für viele Menschen im deutschsprachigen Raum schienen nach der Revolution von 1848/49 gerade die Naturwissenschaften gesellschaftlichen Fortschritt zu versprechen. Als radikalste Vertreter dieser Deutung galten die sogenannten naturwissenschaftlichen Materialisten Carl Vogt (1817–1895), Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893) und Ludwig Büchner (1824–1899). In einer Mischung aus Wissenschaftspopularisierung, Antiklerikalismus und Fortschrittsdenken wandten sich die Materialisten gegen religiöse Deutungen des Lebens und feierten die Naturwissenschaften als zentrale Ordnungsinstanz der Moderne. Diese Positionen riefen eine Jahrzehnte andauernde Debatte hervor. Die Studie fragt, welche Auffassungen vom Verhältnis von Wissenschaft, Religion und Gesellschaft sich in der Diskussion über den Materialismus manifestierten.

This book focuses on digital approaches to capacity development, reflecting the greater interest in how digital tools and platforms can be used for capacity development in the ‘Global South’. While Covid-19 demonstrated some of the benefits of online learning, the widespread, often uncritical adoption of online tools driven by necessity has left many with an experience of ‘emergency online learning’. This book aims to assist in the design of technology-enhanced capacity development by sharing evidence of practices that are principled rather than rushed; inclusive rather than creating new digital divides. We have worked to evidence how technology can be leveraged effectively to enhance or strengthen capacities of individuals, teams or systems. We make clear that there are no magic bullets, that online approaches are not simply quicker or cheaper substitutes, and that solutions need to be selected carefully, designed well, and significant time invested if it is to work well. We hope Digital Technology in Capacity Development will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in a range of institutions, whether they are directly responsible for designing, delivering or evaluating new initiatives or whether they are advising or funding those who do.

Wie kann evangelisch-theologische Forschung an deutschen Universitäten in einer pluralen und diversen Welt verantwortungsvoll gender- und rassismussensibel gestaltet werden? In Auseinandersetzung mit der postkolonial-feministischen Theologie von Mayra Rivera bringt Christiane Nagel postkoloniale, gender- und queertheoretische Ansätze miteinander ins Gespräch, um die Wechselwirkung zwischen der Positionalität des forschenden Subjekts und der akademisch-theologischen Forschungspraxis zu beleuchten.

Are Italian youngsters adequately equipped for an after-pandemic upswing?All over the world young people seem to be particularly dazed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Indeed, they were touched just lightly by the disease, though the isolation due to the distancing need and the remote learning mode may be the sources of depressive ailments and other psychological distresses. In this paper we analyse the data collected through a survey conducted in the second half of 2021 among a convenience sample of Italian adults. The survey was aimed at highlighting how Italians experienced the pandemic and the way they perceived their futures. About one third of the sample was below 35 and we consider them the young. Most of them were students, a few worked, some were looking for a job. The analysis of the collected data shows that so many young Italians were disturbed by the pandemic, even though the sanitary impact of the disease on them was much less relevant than other age classes. Among the youngsters, the depression and anxiety rates was significantly higher than other adults, the perception of a future role was limited to them and their potential resources for future life was also jeopardized. The possible causes of the reduction capacity among young adults was scouted through a multivariate statistical analysis. It showed that the perception of personal difficulties is correlated to a feeling of uncertainty for their future roles, to a pressure over their social-economical and personal resources to face their future and to a sort of apathy that could limit their pro-activeness.

The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on this manufacturing sector. It employs a panel regression analysis at the sectorial level spanning 2012 to 2022 to examine how ETS prices and the allocation of free allowances influence sectors’ carbon efficiency, direct emissions, production and prices, while controlling for other confounding factors. The results identify investment as a key channel, which mediates the effect of ETS prices on the carbon efficiency of firms. They suggest that a reduction in free allowances combined with escalating ETS prices, mediated by increased investment, can bolster the environmental performance of the EU manufacturing sector without significantly compromising its competitive position.

In Literary Obscenities, Erik Bachman offers a comparative historical account of the parallel development of legal obscenity and literary modernism in this period. Getting Off the Page demonstrates that obscenity trials in the early twentieth century staged a wide-ranging cultural debate about the broader ramifications of the printed word’s power to “deprave,” “excite,” and offend—or, more generally, to incite emotion and shape behavior. Bachman shows that far from seeking simply to transgress cultural norms or sexual boundaries, proscribed authors such as Wyndham Lewis, Erskine Caldwell, Lillian Smith, and James T. Farrell refigured the capacity of writing to evoke the obscene so that readers might become aware of the social processes by which they were being turned into mass consumers, voyeurs, and racialized subjects.

Part One of Yuarn Music Dramas presents a detailed analysis of form and structure in Yuarn music drama, with sections on the act, the suite, the aria, the verse, metrics of repeated graph patterns, parallelism, and the matching of suite and mode. [vii] Part Two presents the first catalogue of arias of its kind to be published in a language other than Chinese. It is a compilation of all of the arias in the northern dramatic style that are found in the 162 titles contained in the Yuarn-chyuu shyuann and the Yuarn-chyuu shyuaan waih-bian. It is modeled on several such catalogues compiled over the past six hundred years. [99]

This contribution focuses on the perceived tensions in the discussions surrounding the societal significance of the program Spoorloos and the (potentially) adoption-critical issues that it has raised since its inception. What follows first outlines the historical context of Spoorloos, followed by a discussion of the scope and potential contribution of an adoption-critical perspective within the broad field of 'adoption studies. Finally, the contribution zooms in on the relationship between Spoorloos and the adoption-critical discourse (in a broad sense). The central question is to what extent the ethical issues surrounding Spoorloos play a role in the public perception of the program and, consequently, to what extent these publicly expressed ethical considerations about the program contain adoption-critical elements regarding the practice of transnational adoption.