Science & Mathematics

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Collective action among conservation and rural land managers is required to protect natural and rural ecosystems from the spread of invasive plants. Achieving such tenure-blind collective action is a considerable policy challenge and social research on this topic is in its infancy, is rural-focused and rarely addresses multiple species concurrently. This study explores the nature and extent of collective action among conservation and rural stakeholders managing multiple invasive plant species in south-west Alberta, Canada. Thirty telephone interviews were conducted with staff of national and provincial parks, non-government organisations and government agencies, as well as ranchers and consultants operating within the Oldman Watershed. The results showed three key types of collective action—participatory, linked and collaborative—occurring across the landscape. Collaborative invasive plant management (IPM) was the most likely to bring rural and conservation land managers together to address multiple species but was highly resource intensive and confined to public lands. A polycentric system of governance may enable landscape-wide IPM to be achieved if it can link existing collaborative efforts as well as establish and maintain new relationships among rural and conservation stakeholders. Organisations that encompass multiple land uses, such as watershed councils and municipal districts, may be best placed to bring diverse stakeholders together to develop a shared plan, facilitate social learning and demonstrate on-ground action at multiple scales across land uses.

Zamonaviy o‘qituvchi o‘zi o‘rgatadigan faning turli sohalarini chuqur bilishi, uning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, sanoatva madaniy rivojlanish jarayonlarida muammolarni hal etishga qodir imkoniyatlarini anglay olishi lozim. Biroq bu yetarliemas – u doimo yangi ilmiy kashfiyotlar, tadqiqotlar va gipotezalar bilan tanishib borishi, fanning qisqa va uzoq muddatlirivojlanish istiqbollarini tahlil qila olishi zarur. O‘qituvchining bilimga yo‘naltirilganligi ilmiy-pedagogik fikrlash madaniyatiorqali namoyon bo‘lib, uning asosiy belgisi dialektik tafakkurdir. Dialektik yondashuv pedagogik jarayonlardagi qarama-qarshiliklarnianiqlash va ularni to‘g‘ri talqin etish imkonini beradi. Pedagogik jarayonga dialektik nuqtai nazardan qarasho‘qituvchiga ta’limni uzluksiz rivojlanadigan tizim sifatida idrok etish hamda faoliyatida uchraydigan masalalarni tezkor vasamarali hal etish orqali jarayonga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatish imkonini yaratadi

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Abstract: The European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a staple prey species in Mediterranean ecosystems. The arrival and subsequent spread of rabbit hemorrhagic disease throughout southwestern Europe, however, has caused a decline in rabbit numbers, leading to considerable efforts to enhance wild rabbit populations, especially through habitat management. Because rabbit population dynamics depend on habitat suitability and changes in habitat structure and composition subsequent to habitat management, I evaluated the effects of population dynamics on the long-term impact of rabbit hemorrhagic disease on rabbit populations. I used an age-structured model with varying degrees of population productivity and turnover and different habitat carrying capacities, and I assumed the existence of a unique, highly pathogenic virus. My results suggest that disease impact may be highly dependent on habitat carrying capacity and rabbit population dynamics, and the model provided some insight into the current abundance of wild rabbits in different locations in southwestern Europe. The highest disease impact was estimated for populations located in habitats with low to medium carrying capacity. In contrast, disease impact was lower in high-density populations in habitats with high carrying capacity, corresponding to a lower mean age of rabbit infection and a resulting lower mortality from rabbit hemorrhagic disease. The outcomes of the model suggest that management strategies to help rabbit populations recover should be based on improving habitats to their maximum carrying capacity and increasing rabbit population productivity. In contrast, the use of strategies based on temporary increases in rabbit density, including vaccination campaigns, translocations, and temporal habitat improvements at medium carrying capacities, may increase disease impact, resulting in short-term decreases in rabbit population density.

Ushbu maqolada tadbirkorlik faoliyatida risklarni baholashning asosiy metodlari tahlil qilinadi. Statistik tahlil, ekspert baholash, ssenariyli tahlil, Monte-Karlo simulyatsiyasi va sezgirlik tahlili kabi yondashuvlarning amaliy ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada risklarni to‘g‘ri baholash biznesning barqaror rivojlanishi va samarali qaror qabul qilish jarayonida muhim omil ekani ta’kidlanadi.

This scientific work deeply analyzes the issue of the harmony of the concepts of national identity and professional perfection in the person of a civil servant. It is substantiated that, along with the professional maturity of employees working in the public administration system, their attitude to national values is of great importance in the development of society. The study highlights the role of national identity in the process of personal identification, its impact on professional activity and the role in forming the spiritual image of a civil servant. Also, the harmony of professional perfection and national consciousness is considered as an important factor in increasing efficiency in public administration. The results of the work are of scientific and practical importance in improving the system of personnel training and spiritual education in the public service.

Отмечено, что в условиях радикальных общественных преобразований с позиции гуманистических ценностей закономерно возрастает значение морали, нравственного сознания и возникает необходимость оценки, правовых изменений. Показано, что актуальной организационной проблемой органов является, определение задач по совершенствованию деятельности органов внутренних дел. Отмечается, что подобному совершенствованию способствуют новые условия информатизации образования, оптимизации его методов, углубления интеграционных и междисциплинарных программ, прогнозирования потребностей рынка труда и служб занятости, радикального улучшения материально-технической базы органов внутренних дел. Утверждается, что согласно концепции регулярного юридического образования, приобретаемые сотрудниками в учебных заведениях знания, умения и навыки, составят фундамент их профессионального образования, а учеба в системе повышения квалификации кадров - в ходе их практической работы и до выхода на пенсию. Утверждается, что только такая концепция юридического образования практически состоятельна в условиях информационного общества.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Since the establishment of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in South Africa, several authors have studied its interactions with individual indigenous species. However, the broader implications of this invasion on the intertidal zone remain undocumented. This paper analyses the impacts of this mussel on the rocky-shore invertebrate community structure at Marcus Island on the west coast of South Africa. The effects of the invasion were linked to 3 key elements and were not consistently spread across the intertidal zone, but were focused within the mid-to-low shore. Firstly, physical stress in the mid-intertidal zones was ameliorated by the presence of M. galloprovincialis beds. Secondly, habitat complexity was increased where M. galloprovincialis replaced bare rock or less complex secondary habitat. Thirdly, habitat became less patchy as mussel beds blanketed the shore. Consequently, invertebrate density and species richness increased substantially, and community composition changed significantly in the mid-shore. Lower on the shore, significant changes in invertebrate community structure were driven by a switch from mono-layered beds of the small indigenous mussel Aulacomya ater to multilayered beds of M. galloprovincialis, despite no change in total species richness.

Ushbu tezis sanoat korxonalarida texnologik yangilanish va modernizatsiya jarayonlarining mohiyati, ularni ta’minlovchi innovatsion mexanizmlar tizimi hamda samaradorlikni oshirish yo‘nalishlarini ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda raqamlashtirish, energiya samarador texnologiyalar, innovatsion boshqaruv usullari, texnologiyalar transferi, R&D faoliyati va kadrlar salohiyatini rivojlantirishning sanoat rivojlanishiga ta’siri yoritiladi. Shuningdek, texnologik yangilanish samaradorligini baholash mezonlari ko‘rsatilib, korxonalarning raqobatbardoshligini oshirishda innovatsion yondashuvlarning o‘rni asoslab beriladi.

Ушбу маколада Ўзбекистонда кичик бизнес субъектлари институтининг бошқарув тизими, унинг ташкил этилиши ва амалий фаолияти таҳлил қилинган. Асосий эътибор кичик бизнесни ривожлантиришда давлат сиёсатининг роли, бошқарув механизмларини такомиллаштириш ҳамда, тадбиркорликни қўллаб-қувватлаш тизимини оптималлаштириш масалаларига қаратилган.Тадқиқотда кичик бизнес субъектларининг фаолиятини самарали бошқариш, молиявий имкониятлардан фойдаланиш, инновацион ғояларни жорий этиш ва рақамлаштириш жараёнлари ёритиб берилган. Шунингдек, мавжуд муаммолар ва уларнинг ечимлари таҳлил қилинган.Олинган хулосалар Ўзбекистон иқтисодиётида кичик бизнеснинг ўрнини янада мустаҳкамлаш ва бошқарув тизимини такомиллаштириш учун амалий тавсиялар сифатида хизмат қилади.

Nigeria’s energy landscape presents a complex trilemma in ensuring energy security, promote social equity, and achieve environmental sustainability in the face of persistent dependence on fossil fuels. This challenge, known as the energy trilemma, encapsulates the difficulty of providing reliable and affordable energy while minimizing environmental harm and ensuring fairness in access. Despite its abundance of both renewable and non-renewable energy resources, Nigeria continues to grapple with chronic energy shortages, unstable electricity supply, and widespread energy poverty. Fossil fuel dependency has not only intensified greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation but has also perpetuated socio-economic inequalities, particularly in rural communities that remain disconnected from the national grid. The consequences of these imbalances are reflected in economic stagnation, public health crises, and worsening climate impacts across the nation. This study examines Nigeria’s struggle to balance the three dimensions of the energy trilemma which are security, equity, and sustainability within the context of its existing legal and institutional frameworks. Using a doctrinal research approach, it analyses national energy laws, policies, and regulatory structures, and also examines international and regional frameworks that promote sustainable energy transitions. Through this approach, the study identifies critical weaknesses such as policy inconsistency, weak regulatory enforcement, poor governance, and the dominance of fossil fuel interests that have hindered progress toward a balanced energy system. The study argues that a coherent, inclusive, and enforceable legal framework is essential for addressing Nigeria’s energy trilemma. It recommends legal reforms that promote decentralized renewable energy systems, incentivize private sector participation, and integrate environmental and social justice principles into energy governance. The study concludes that Nigeria’s pathway to energy resilience depends on harmonizing the competing goals of security, equity, and sustainability through transparent institutions and visionary lawmaking that align national development with global climate commitments.

Family TragulidaeREVIEWED BY: B. R. Stein (BRS); S. Wang (SW)(China).ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005000000000.

Density matrices are fundamental mathematical objects for describing quantum states, and their set can be viewed as a subset of the manifold of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices. Based on the Riemannian geometric structure on the SPD manifold, this paper analyzes geometric paths and distance functions on the space of density matrices. We adopt the affine-invariant Riemannian metric and review the associated geodesics and Riemannian distance, comparing them with linear interpolation and the Frobenius distance defined in the ambient Euclidean space. Numerical experiments are conducted to visualize geodesic paths between density matrices and to quantitatively compare several commonly used matrix distances, including the Frobenius, Riemannian, and Bures distances. The results demonstrate that distances induced by different geometric structures exhibit fundamentally different behaviors in characterizing discrepancies between density matrices, reflecting the intrinsic non-Euclidean geometry of the space. These analyses and numerical results provide a coherent geometric perspective for understanding the structure and similarity of density matrices.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

Анотація. Стаття присвячена адміністративно-правовій характеристиці діяльності правоохоронних органів у сфері боротьби з корупцією. Вказано, корупція становить серйозну загрозу для стабільності державного управління, економічного розвитку та соціальної справедливості, тому ефективна діяльність правоохоронних органів у цьому напрямі є надзвичайно важливою. Проведений аналіз дозволив поглибити розуміння цієї проблеми та окреслити деякі механізми її вирішення. Підкреслено, що діяльність правоохоронних органів у сфері боротьби з корупцією є важливим елементом забезпечення законності та правопорядку в державі. Її адміністративно-правове регулювання має бути спрямоване на створення ефективної системи превенції, виявлення та притягнення до відповідальності за корупційні правопорушення. Лише комплексний підхід до вирішення цієї проблеми дозволить забезпечити належний рівень правопорядку та довіри громадян до державних інституцій. Розглянуто основні адміністративно-правові засади діяльності правоохоронних органів у сфері боротьби з корупцією та законодавчі акти, що регулюють їхню роботу. Приділено увагу питанням співпраці між різними органами державної влади, міжнародному досвіду у сфері протидії корупції та ролі громадянського суспільства у формуванні ефективного антикорупційного середовища. Зроблено висновки, що успішна боротьба з корупцією неможлива без активної участі України в міжнародних антикорупційних програмах та ініціативах. Співпраця з міжнародними організаціями, такими як GRECO, ООН та Європейський Союз, дозволяє отримувати технічну допомогу, впроваджувати передові методики та забезпечувати обмін інформацією. Підкреслено, що діяльність правоохоронних органів у сфері боротьби з корупцією є складним і багатогранним процесом, який потребує постійного вдосконалення адміністративно-правових механізмів, активізації профілактичної роботи та максимального залучення громадянського суспільства. Лише за умови системного підходу і спільних зусиль держави, суспільства та міжнародної спільноти можна досягти значущих результатів у подоланні корупції та забезпеченні верховенства права в Україні.