Science & Mathematics

Engyum fusiferum (Audinet-Serville, 1834)Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro).

The environmental protection laws and the Constitution of India have developed significantly over the decades as per national and international needs. As the need of the protection and preservation of the environment has been a gradual process, the constitutional frameworks in relation of environmental protection also shaped through a series of amendments, judicial interpretations, and policy initiatives in light of international as well as national developments. The primary objective of providing a constitutional mandate for environmental protection was to ensure the preservation of natural resources and ecological balance, with time which had become an issue of serious concern. Although notions of environmental preservation can be traced back to ancient Indian traditions but constitutional and legal measures gained prominence only in the latter half of the twentieth century but came in full-swing after Stockholm Conference which took place in 1972 and two key provisions Article 48A in part IV and Article 51A(g) in Part IV ‘A’ were incorporated in the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act ,1976 where the Indian Constitution obligates the “State through DPSPs” as well as “Citizens through FDs” to “Protect and Promote” the environment. This constitutional recognition elevated environmental protection from a mere policy concern to a fundamental constitutional duty, forming the basis of modern environmental jurisprudence in India. In this scenario this paper attempts to critically examine the administration of environmental justice under the Constitution of India, emphasizing its evolution through constitutional amendments particularly the 42nd Amendment and judicial transformative interpretation of various Articles of the constitution highlighting the role and responsibilities of the State, citizens, and judiciary in safeguarding the environment.

Subgenus Squamatodes CurranSquamatodes Curran, 1927: 2. Type-species, trivittata Curran, 1927 (orig. des.). Refs.: Lopes, 1969: 38 (cat.); Pape, 1996: 281 (cat.)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

Uyqu bedorlik sikli inson organizmidagi eng muhim fiziologik jarayonlardan biri bo‘lib, u markaziy nerv tizimi, endokrin tizim va tashqi muhit omillari o‘rtasidagi murakkab o‘zaro ta’sir orqali boshqariladi. Ushbu jarayonda melatonin va serotonin gormonlari hamda pineal bezning funksional faolligi yetakchi ahamiyat kasb etadi. Melatonin asosan pineal bez tomonidan sintezlanib, sirkadiyal ritmlarni muvofiqlashtirish, uyqu boshlanishi va uning sifatini ta’minlashda asosiy biologik regulyator sifatida ishtirok etadi. Serotonin esa markaziy nerv tizimida neyromediator sifatida kayfiyat, kognitiv faoliyat va uyqu–bedorlik holatining barqarorligini saqlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi hamda melatonin biosintezining biokimyoviy prekursori hisoblanadi. Mazkur maqolada melatonin va serotoninning biosintezi, metabolizmi, fiziologik ta’sir mexanizmlari hamda ularning o‘zaro funksional bog‘liqligi ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Pineal bezning anatomik-funksional xususiyatlari, yorug‘lik–qorong‘ilik sikliga javoban gormonal sekretsiyaning o‘zgarishi hamda gipotalamo–gipofizar tizim bilan aloqasi batafsil yoritiladi. Shuningdek, uyqu buzilishlari, sirkadiyal ritm disbalansi, stress, depressiya va neyrodegenerativ kasalliklarda melatonin va serotonin tizimlarining patologik o‘zgarishlari muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada zamonaviy eksperimental va klinik tadqiqotlar natijalari asosida ushbu gormonlarning diagnostik va terapevtik ahamiyati tahlil qilinib, kelajak tadqiqotlar uchun istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar ko‘rsatib beriladi.

Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim sifatini ta’minlashningzamonaviy standartlari va baholash mezonlari keng yoritilgan. Ta’lim sifatitushunchasining mazmuni, “Ilk qadam” Davlat o‘quv dasturi asosidagi standartlar,shuningdek, ichki va tashqi baholash tizimlarining afzalliklari tahlil etilgan.Maqolada innovatsion yondashuvlar va xalqaro indikatorlardan foydalanishningta’lim sifatiga ta’siri ilmiy asosda bayon etilgan

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

Spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients are at a high risk of developing pressure injures (PI), with a reported prevalence of 34% for persons with quadriplegia and 47% for persons with paraplegia [1]. The management of pressure injures in this vulnerable population is critical, as these wounds can significantly impact their quality of life. Surgical treatment is always considered in Grade II-IV PI, according to the American National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) [2]. However, before surgery, we must consider that SCI patients present specific features that may have a high impact on our results.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) No abstract provided.

Dermacentor compactus Neumann, 1901Dermacentor compactus occurs commonly and predominantly on wild pigs. Occasional hosts include humans, dogs, porcupine, tiger, pangolin, python and buffalo (Wassef and Hoogstraal 1983; Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984). The immatures are found on a wide variety of small and medium-sized mammals (Canidae, Muridae, Sciuridae), but chiefly squirrels (Apanaskevich 2016). There is also one record from a python (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984). Most records of D. compactus biting humans in Mariana et al. (2008b) are due to numerous nymphs, a few larvae and adult ticks. The diagnosis of nymphs and larvae requires confirmation because the larva and nymph of D. compactus were only described in 2016. Dermacentor compactus occurs in peninsular Malaysia and in Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984; Kolonin 1992; Apanaskevich 2016; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b).For a description of the male and female, see Wassef and Hoogstraal (1983), and for the nymph and larva, Apanaskevich (2016).