Open Access Books

La désertification est un phénomène mondial qui affecte près de la moitié de la surface de la planète, notamment en Afrique où 43 % des terres se trouvent dans des zones arides ou semi-arides. La lutte contre la désertification dans ces milieux constitue une des priorités majeures des États sahélo-sahariens du Circum-Sahara. L’ « Initiative africaine Grande Muraille Verte » (IAGMV) répond à ces enjeux via un ensemble d’actions destinées à assurer le développement socio-économique régional. Elle signe l’émergence d’un leadership de l’Afrique dans la prise en charge de ses défis environnementaux, à travers la gestion durable et la valorisation de l’important potentiel de développement des zones arides du continent. Malgré l’acquisition de connaissances scientifiques et techniques dans les domaines liés à la gestion durable des terres en zones arides, la majeure partie de ces données n’ont pas été capitalisées et diffusées, ce qui fragilise la mise en place des différentes politiques de lutte contre la désertification. Cet ouvrage a ainsi pour objectif de faire l’état des lieux des connaissances et initiatives sur la gestion des problématiques de la désertification. Il capitalise les résultats, les expériences, les techniques et autres données issues de la recherche scientifique, mais aussi des pratiques et des savoirs traditionnels acquis au cours des cinquante dernières années. Il propose les recommandations qui en découlent afin d’optimiser les stratégies et les performances des programmes et projets de l’ « Initiative Grande Muraille Verte ». Il s’adresse aux chercheurs, hydrologues, écologues, agronomes ainsi qu’aux développeurs et aménageurs investis dans les programmes de lutte contre la désertification.

This work deals with the topic of supporting the foundation and transfer of craft enterprises. While the current tax law in Germany already provides incentives to facilitate the foundation and transfer of small and medium-sized enterprises in general (e.g. through investment deductions and special depreciation allowances) and for craft enterprises in particular (e.g. through tax reductions for craftsmen's services), there is further potential to promote self-employment and business succession under tax law. Against the background of an inter-periodic and European legal comparison, this study presents further ideas and concrete proposals on substantive tax law and tax implementation with the aim of making tax law even more founder- and takeover-friendly.

There is no question that Africa is endowed with abundant natural resources of different magnitudes. However, more than a decade of high commodity prices and new hydrocarbon discoveries across the continent has led countless international organizations, donor agencies, and non-governmental organizations to devote considerable attention to the potential of natural resource–based development. Natural Resource–Based Development in Africa places a particular emphasis on the actors that help us understand the extent to which resources could be transformed into broader developmental outcomes. Based on a wide variety of primary sources and fieldwork, including in-person interviews and participant observations, this collection contributes to both scholarly and policy discussions around the governance and economic development roles of local entrepreneurs, transnational firms, civil society groups, local communities, and government agencies in Africa’s natural resource sectors. Natural Resource–Based Development in Africa explores the impact that these actors have on regional trends such as resource nationalism and local procurement policies as well as grassroots-related issues such as poverty, livelihoods, gender equity, development, and human security.

A história dos movimentos e lutas sociais ganha novos atores, e novas demandas se configuram neste início de século XXI. O processo histórico que originou movimentos sociais de luta pela terra ainda contabiliza refluxos e conquistas que impõem desafios, criam esperanças e geram frustrações, mantendo esses movimentos sociais em constante atualização. Como forma de registro de parte desse processo, este livro contempla questões contemporâneas sob perspectivas de representações do mundo rural, conflitos pela terra e pautas e políticas para o campo, de forma a oferecer diferentes ângulos de discussão da questão rural na contemporaneidade e análises específicas relacionadas com contextos mais amplos que requerem análises multidisciplinares empreendidas de forma multiescalar. Eis o cenário de pesquisa vislumbrado nesta obra para o estudo do rural na contemporaneidade.

O processo de construção deste livro demonstrou que as relações entre arte e antropologia não se limitam às subáreas já convencionais da antropologia visual e da antropologia da arte. Nesse sentido, podemos compreender tanto a antropologia como a arte enquanto mais do que um e, porém, menos do que dois. Ou seja, a arte e a antropologia possuem relações intrínsecas que as constituem enquanto disciplinas com fronteiras inconstantes e estas relações podem produzir outras conexões que originam afluxos distintos. É nesse sentido que os capítulos aqui apresentados não são relações entre uma antropologia e uma arte, mas construções de conexões entre múltiplas partes e possibilidades. Modos de Fazer, Modos de Ser, organizado por Teresa Fradique e Rodrigo Lacerda, compila um conjunto de textos de diversos autores que, na sua diversidade epistemológica, permitem dar a ver que as conexões parciais entre antropologia e arte são uma arena reflexiva e sensível a que devemos estar atentos e que devemos ativamente potencializar para encontrarmos e atualizarmos outros mundos possíveis.

The chapters covered in this book include emerging new techniques on sintering. Major experts in this field contributed to this book and presented their research. Topics covered in this publication include Spark plasma sintering, Magnetic Pulsed compaction, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology for the preparation of 3-dimesinal circuits, Microwave sintering of thermistor ceramics, Synthesis of Bio-compatible ceramics, Sintering of Rare Earth Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics prepared by Soft Combustion, nanostructured ceramics, alternative solid-state reaction routes yielding densified bulk ceramics and nanopowders, Sintering of intermetallic superconductors such as MgB2, impurity doping in luminescence phosphors synthesized using soft techniques, etc. Other advanced sintering techniques such as radiation thermal sintering for the manufacture of thin film solid oxide fuel cells are also described.

This volume presents the lectures and discussions held at the conference of the "Vereinigung der deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer" (the association of german professors for public law), October 1st - Ocober 3rd, 2003, Hamburg.

Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre las tradiciones de índole popular que marcan la cultura contemporánea. Los autores presentan los análisis de las fiestas y celebraciones religiosas que día con día tienen lugar en Xochimilco. La información y las observaciones requeridas para el estudio de las cuestiones apegadas a temas de orden cultural y religioso tuvieron lugar en tres etapas que se iniciaron en 1991 y terminaron en 1995. En esta investigación se encontró que la religiosidad de los xochimilcas ha evolucionado, conservando prácticas muy antiguas asimiladas con formas y costrumbres presentes.

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease characterized by the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells, which acquire an uncontrolled growth, immortality, invasiveness, and ability to form distant metastasis. Natural bioactive molecules may interfere with these processes and inhibit the carcinogenesis process. In this book, new molecules and extracts, mainly derived from plants, have been described as being able to alter tumor cell behavior and target several abnormal molecular pathways in cancer cells. Among different cancer cells, the more studied include those derived from glioblastoma, osteosarcoma, lung, breast and gastric cancer. These natural products could be an attractive source for the development of new preventative and therapeutic agents against cancer. They may be more selective and have weaker adverse effects compared to conventional chemotherapy drugs that are actually used for cancer treatment. Clinical trials are necessary to demonstrate whether the in vitro and in vivo animal data are reproduced in humans before the application of natural products in cancer prevention and treatment.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. Automation, digitalisation, the post-industrial transition and climate change are creating new social risks which are not adequately supported by established welfare state institutions. In this timely book, Maurizio Ferrera, Joan Miró and Stefano Ronchi propose critical social and institutional policy reform in response to the nation state’s inability to maintain a balanced ecosystem between democracy, the market economy, welfare and the rule of law.

Dieses Buch soll Mut machen. Es vereint ein beziehungsreiches Denken mit einer neuen Art zu handeln. Das Ziel: eine freie, faire und lebendige Gesellschaft. Doch das Gewohnte hat sich tief eingegraben in unseren Köpfen, in unseren Alltag, in Markt und Staat. Silke Helfrich und David Bollier legen überkommene Denkmuster frei und entwerfen ein Programm für ein gelingendes Miteinander, ein anderes Politikverständnis und ein sorgendes Wirtschaften. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Commons-Praktiken. Sie zeigen, wie wir in Verschiedenheit gemeinsame Ziele verfolgen. Ganz praktisch können so Häuser und Fahrzeuge in ähnlicher Weise wie die Wikipedia entstehen. Das Buch stiftet zudem an, wie ein »Commoner« zu denken. Es bietet eine Sprache für die Welt von morgen. Es verändert nicht nur die Wirtschaft und die Politik - es verändert uns.; This book is meant to encourage. It unites relational thinking with a new way of acting. The goal: a free, fair and vibrant society. But what we are used to is deeply rooted in our minds, in our everyday lives, in the market and the state. Silke Helfrich and David Bollier uncover traditional patterns of thought and design a program for a successful cooperation, a different political understanding and a caring economy. They focus on practices, showing how we pursue common goals in diversity. In practice, houses and vehicles can be built in a similar way to Wikipedia. The book also encourages us to think like a »Commoner«. It offers a language for the world of tomorrow. It not only changes the economy and politics - it changes us.

“Trabalho, democracia e participação no Brasil” desvela o que veio depois do desenvolvimentismo e do experimentalismo democrático pujante com que convivemos no início dos anos 2000. Esta coletânea observa a substancialidade da democracia e denota a relevância da luta para que o Estado cumpra seu papel e garanta proteção social. Se a maior parte da população brasileira sofre discriminação de gênero e raça, enfrentando densas estruturas de desigualdade no mundo do trabalho e nas demais esferas sociais, ainda estamos longe de romper com essa trajetória histórica de violência e marginalização. Entre os alertas importantes desta obra, está a noção de que as conformações das classes sociais são mediadas por marcadores raciais e sexuais e, ainda, que o outro Estado desejado, igualitário e justo, exige procedimentos de democratização. A leitura convida a compreender como o ataque ao patrimônio participativo e as (contra) reformas trabalhista e previdenciária são emblemas da erosão de direitos sociais, por significarem a imposição de uma visão única de mundo que gera impactos materiais nas políticas públicas e na vida da população. Este livro denuncia o modo como opera o projeto político neoliberal vigente, que pretere vidas aos lucros, ataca trabalhadores e é operacionalizado durante a pandemia com efeitos devastadores. Os textos desta coletânea reconhecem esses desafios e mobilizam reflexões contundentes sobre os caminhos que estão sendo trilhados na crise civilizatória atual.

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This edited volume is directed at experts in international law, practitioners in international institutions, and other experts who would like to familiarize themselves with the legal framework of infectious disease governance. Using the West African Ebola crisis as a case study, this book is part of a larger collaborative project on international health governance. Project partners are the Forschungsstätte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft e.V. - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (MPIL). The authors explain the context and substantive legal framework of the Ebola crisis, while also highlighting its human rights aspects, institutional law (such as the debate on the securitization of health), and the limits to a purely legal approach to the subject. The authors are experts in public international law, public health, political science, and anthropology. With contributions by: Elif Askin, Susan L. Erikson, André den Exter, Robert Frau, Wolfgang Hein, Bonnie Kaiser, Hunter Keys, Michael Marx, Edefe Ojomo, Ilja Richard Pavone, Mateja Steinbrück Platise, Christian R. Thauer, Leonie Vierck, Pedro A. Villarreal, A. Katarina Weilert. Der Sammelband richtet sich an ein Fachpublikum von Völkerrechtlern, Praktikern in internationalen Institutionen und anderen Experten, die sich mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der internationalen Governance ansteckender Krankheiten vertraut machen möchten. Fallbeispiel ist die Ebola-Krise in Westafrika. Der Band geht aus einem breiter angelegten Heidelberger Kooperationsprojekt zur „International Health Governance“ der Forschungsstätte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft e.V. - Institut für interdisziplinäre Forschung (FEST) und des Max-Planck-Instituts für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (MPIL) hervor. Die Autoren beleuchten Kontext und materiellen Rechtsrahmen des Themas, auch unter Hervorhebung menschenrechtlicher Bezüge, institutionelles Recht („Gesundheit als Sicherheitsrisiko?“) sowie die Grenzen eines genuin rechtlichen Ansatzes. Die Autoren sind den Disziplinen Völkerrecht, Public Health, Politikwissenschaften und Anthropologie zuzuordnen. Mit Beiträgen von: Elif Askin, Susan L. Erikson, André den Exter, Robert Frau, Wolfgang Hein, Bonnie Kaiser, Hunter Keys, Michael Marx, Edefe Ojomo, Ilja Richard Pavone, Mateja Steinbrück Platise, Christian R. Thauer, Leonie Vierck, Pedro A. Villarreal, A. Katarina Weilert.

Independent knowledge acquisition and learning organisation are key qualifications of the information society. The Mixed Methods study examines inter-individual differences among pupils in dealing with self-organised learning at secondary school level. Four types of learners are identified, which are characterised in more detail by a content-analysis of interviews and two case studies. Recommendations for the design of self-organised learning units are derived from the results.