Open Access Books

Le destin des Comtes de Bretagne (ou Eudonides), branche cadette de la dynastie ducale des comtes de Rennes, conduit à s’interroger sur l’unité politique et juridique de la Bretagne de l’an mil à l’intégration de cette principauté dans l’ordre capétien au début du XIIIe siècle. À l’instar de celle du royaume de France, une unité politique ne fut guère possible tant que les forces centrifuges l’emportaient sur les éléments de réassociations. En l’occurrence, la rivalité qui opposa les Eudonides à la dynastie ducale dès le second XIe siècle ne fut définitiviment réglée que par Philippe Auguste qui permit à un duc capétien désormais incontesté de construire une « identité » bretonne autour de sa maison. Ce serait cependant à tort que l’on considèrerait la Bretagne traverser aux XIe-XIIe siècles une période d’anarchie : les lignages comtaux surent globalement conserver le contrôle de leurs ressorts respectifs face aux velléités d’indépendance des châtelains. Dominant les comtés de Guingamp et de Lamballe en Bretagne nord soit les territoires du Trégor, du Goëlo, de Penthièvre et celui de Richmond outre-Manche, les Eudonides offrent l’image d’une noblesse de Bretagne étroitement liée à celle des principautés et royaumes voisins. Cette interdépendance de la noblesse d’Occident interdit d’opposer une Bretagne méridionale, proche de la Loire, supposée « ouverte aux influences extérieures », et une Bretagne septentrionale considérée comme « davantage refermée sur elle-même ». Outre l’implication des Eudonides dans les grandes affaires politiques de l’Occident chrétien, l’émergence des comtés de Guingamp, Lamballe et Richmond n’est pas sans rappeler celle d’autres « comtés castraux » en Normandie, Flandre ou au sud de la France. De même, les pratiques successorales des Eudonides témoignent d’un « esprit communautaire » observable dans bien d’autres hauts lignages du royaume.

Hydrocephalus is a common manifestation of many diseases. Caring and treating a patient with hydrocephalus involve engagement and acquire a deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and technical details. Despite the technological developments, treatment of hydrocephalus is still a challenge for every neurological surgeon. The aim of this project is to provide a detailed and accessible information for every single discipline, not only for neurological surgeons, involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with hydrocephalus.

La présente publication est le deuxième volume du Recueil des arrêts, ordonnances et avis consultatifs de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples. Ce volume inclut les décisions rendues par la Cour africaine au cours de la période allant de 2017 à 2018. Ce volume contient tous les arrêts, auxquels sont jointes les opinions individuelles et dissidentes, ainsi que les avis consultatifs, décisions, ordonnances de procédure et ordonnances portant mesures provisoires rendus par la Cour au cours de la période considérée. Chaque affaire inclut un bref résumé de la décision, suivi des mots clés indiquant les paragraphes auxquels la Cour se prononce sur la question examinée. Un index de sujets figurant en début du recueil indique les affaires relatives à des questions juridiques particulières. L’index est divisé en sections consacrées aux principes généraux et à la procédure ainsi qu’aux questions de fond.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoter and histone modification such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies. Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and to generate mature cells of various tissues through differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation, which is defined as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, suggesting that these cells are important targets of cancer therapy. DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNAs may be deeply involved in stem-like properties in cancer cells. Restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs by chromatin modifying drugs may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer stem cells. In this Research Topic, we discuss about alterations of epigenetics and miRNAs in cancer and cancer stem cell and understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of cancer stem cell, which may provide a novel insight for treatment of refractory cancer.

The book Smart Cities & Information Science brings together leading specialists and researchers in the field of Information Science, with the aim of bringing the areas closer together. Through a dialogue with the most prominent themes in the context of smart cities today, we invite readers to explore the understanding and possibilities of the challenges that arise for this subject. Smart Cities are places recognized for the practice of innovation and knowledge, providing a diversity of effective tools for urban growth, establishing spaces for generating improvements in the population's quality of life. With the aim of contributing to the possibilities that open up for new practices in strategic topics of Regional Public Management, Sociocultural Factors and Cultural Units/Informational Institutions, we hope to open up reflection on the need to approach areas that produce such significant content and that could centralize their research for the growth and development of the regions.

Language plays an essential role both in creating law and in governing its implementation. Providing an accessible and comprehensive introduction to this subject, Language and Law:describes the different registers and genres that make up spoken and written legal language and how they develop over time; analyses real-life examples drawn from court cases from different parts of the world, illustrating the varieties of English used in the courtroom by speakers occupying different roles; addresses the challenges presented to our notions of law and regulation by online communication; discusses the complex role of translation in bilingual and multilingual jurisdictions, including Hong Kong and Canada; and provides readings from key scholars in the discipline, including Lawrence Solan, Peter Goodrich, Marianne Constable, David Mellinkoff, and Chris Heffer. With a wide range of activities throughout, this accessible textbook is essential reading for anyone studying language and law or forensic linguistics.

As one of the biggest terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an important role in ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation. They are widely acknowledged as one of the largest terrestrial carbon pools. Forests absorb atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis and remove a huge amount of carbon every year, and play an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate system. This Reprint on “Advances in Remote Sensing for Forestry: Theory, Methods, Applications and Validation” list several research on new theories and methods for forest survey and monitoring, applications of remote sensing on forest ecosystem services evaluation, biodiversity monitoring, and technologies for monitoring carbon sinks in forest ecosystems. It is hoped that the related works will provide valuable references for promoting the application of remote sensing technologies in forestry.

Ideas In Time deals extensively with the history of ideas. The aims of the book are: to provide a coherent theoretical account of the ill-defined field known as ‘the history of ideas’; to emphasise the longue durée or long view in intellectual and cultural history; to develop a reconfigured history of ideas, attentive both to the endurance of certain ideas and beliefs, and to breaks and shifts in meaning over time; and to support this general ambition with studies of specific ideas over long durations, namely: the ideas of progress, democracy, zero, charisma, the Olympic games, and the idea of the West. Ideas in Time emphasises both historical continuity and discontinuity, drawing on both perspectives in its reconstruction of the history of ideas. This theoretical model entails the possibility of tracing the history of certain ideas from their ancient origins to their present expression, while acknowledging alterations in meaning determined by changing social and cultural contexts.

Over the past roughly two decades, the interconnected concepts of reparation, restitution, and commemorative culture have gained renewed momentum – in academic discourse as much as in activist, artistic, and political contexts. This development insists on a critique of the material and systemic conditions of societies and global relations. In their 2018 report on the restitution of looted cultural artifacts, for example, Bénédicte Savoy and Felwine Sarr discuss restitutions in the light of a new ethics of relations. Individual acts of restitution, but also the processes of material and immaterial reparation that go with them, are viewed as mediators in the by definition irreparable legacy of colonialism and its present repercussions. A new ethics of relations might even go beyond anthropocentrism: The destruction of nature in the Anthropocene and the destruction of humanity that is colonialism both require a fundamental questioning of the premises of western modernity and a radically different relationship to the world. The present volume aims to examine different discourses and practices of reparation, bringing together perspectives from cultural studies, memory studies, post- or decolonial studies as well as literary studies. Chapters from these disciplines are complemented by contributions from the fields of philosophy, art, and literature in order to explore the multiple facets of reparation. With contributions by Kader Attia, Lucia della Fontana, Ibou Coulibaly Diop, Alexandre Gefen, Hannah Grimmer, hn. lyonga, Helena Janeczek, Markus Messling, Clément Ndé Fongang, Aurélia Kalisky, Fabiola Obame, Angelica Pesarini, Aurore Reck, Olivier Remaud, Patricia Oster-Stierle, Sahra Rausch, Igiaba Scego, Ibrahima Sene, Christiane Solte-Gresser, Jonas Tinius.

The main source of energy for the body is glucose. Its low blood concentrations can cause seizures, loss of consciousness and death. Long lasting high glucose levels can cause blindness, renal failure, cardiac and peripheral vascular disease, and neuropathy. Blood glucose concentrations need to be maintained within narrow limits. The process of maintaining blood glucose at a steady state is called glucose homeostasis. This is achieved through a balance of the rate of consumption of dietary carbohydrates, utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, and the loss of glucose through the kidney tubule. The liver and kidney also play a role in glucose homeostasis. This book aims to provide an overview of blood glucose levels in health and diseases.

Music of the Baduy People of Western Java: Singing is a Medicine by Wim van Zanten is about music and dance of the indigenous group of the Baduy, consisting of about twelve-thousand people living in western Java. It covers music for rice rituals, for circumcisions and weddings, and music for entertainment. The book includes many photographs and several discussed audio-visual examples that can be found on DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5170520. Baduy are suppposed to live a simple, ascetic life. However, there is a shortage of agricultural land and there are many temptations from the changing world around them. Little has been published on Baduy music and dance. Wim van Zanten’s book seeks to fill this lacuna and is based on short periods of fieldwork from 1976 to 2016. Readership: Ethnomusicologists and anthropologists, especially those interested in ethnic minority groups. It is also meant for scholars, NGOs and administrators of intangible cultural heritage and people of Baduy descent.

What is it that really binds Dutch people together? That's the central question of many public debates.This study focuses on the the role of victimhood on our concept of society. Drawing on the works of the American philosopher Richard Rorty, the author discusses morality, criminality, religion, sexual abuse and legalisation of prostituiton.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.