Open Access Books

This book provides readers with a clear progress to theoretical and observational astrophysics. It is not surprising that astrophysics is continually growing because very sophisticated telescopes are being developed and they bring the universe closer and make it accessible. Astrophysics Book presents a unique opportunity for readers to demonstrate processes do occur in Nature. The unique feature of this book is to cover different aspects in astrophysics covering the topics: • Astronomy • Theoretical Astrophysics • Observational Astrophysics • Cosmology • The Solar System • Stars • Planets • Galaxies • Observation • Spectroscopy • Dark Matter • Neutron Stars • High Energy Astrophysics

The role of a leader has changed drastically since scholars began theorizing about the modern leader. Contemporary society has and is continuing to evolve. Existing leadership theories need to adapt to be relevant to the expectations of leaders now. That is, new leadership theories emerge in their place. This book presents new ideas in leadership in the 21st-century context as well as new models that explain how individuals enact good leadership. This book serves as an opportunity to critique or defend current understandings of leadership and propose new evidence-based and theory-driven insights into leadership. Leadership is understood as more complex than an individual influencing another. Within the broad domains of leadership, there are leaders, followers, leadership processes, followership processes, teams, dyads, relationships, and context. Each of these is critical in defining what it is to be a good leader in increasingly complex professional and personal environments. This book will encourage authors to make compelling arguments not for how leadership is and has been but rather for how good leadership should be.

The present study focuses on the linguistic and functional parameters of logonyms (business and trade names), that is, the chrematonym characterized by expressive frequency and pragmatics. The typology and classification of logonyms derives from the proper name theory that contributes designation (i.e. onymic semantics), the second component of onymic content. Its description is based on the relation between the logonym and the referent through the onymic concept depicted in onymic designation. The formation of a logonym is semantically conditioned, and the motivation is present in the logonym to the extent that its structural character allows. In some types of logonyms, as opposed to appellatives, motivation is lost and what becomes relevant is the onymic meaning comprising specific onymic features; other types of logonyms retain the relevance of the motivating feature and are semantically transparent and functional. The latter confirm the ambimodal character of this sub-group of chrematonyms. The pragmatic and functional aspects are associated with typological and structural aspects. The extent of onymic transparency and functionality is given by the structural features of logonyms, and their authors are aware of that during their creation. The present study offers reexamined data first studied 20 years ago (Imrichová, 2000). One of the conclusions of the present research is a significant share of a) anglicisms in the function of the motivating element and b) logonyms whose form is similar to foreign onomasiological-onomatological structures.

This book, “Agroecosystems – Very Complex Environmental Systems”, aims to present an update on different aspects associated with the importance of sustainable agriculture. It was our intention to gather information from diverse sources in this volume and to give some real-life examples, extending the appreciation of the complexity of this subject in a way that may stimulate new approaches in relevant fields.

The transcription factor (TF) mediated regulation of gene expression is a process fundamental to all biological and physiological processes. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of TFs affect target gene expression during the formation of malignant cells. Extensive work has been done on the critical TFs in various disease models. Despite the success of numerous TF-targeted therapies, there remain significant hurdles understanding the mechanisms, transcriptional targets and networks of physiologic pathways that govern TF action. This effort is now beginning to produce exciting new avenues of research. A clinically relevant topic for genetic change of TF is the mutant isoforms of p53, the most famous tumor suppressor. The p53 mutations either results in loss of function, or acting as dominant negative for wild-type protein, or ‘gain of function’ specifically promoting cancer survival. The gain of function is achieved by shifting p53 binding partner proteins, or changed genomic binding landscape leading to a cancer-promoting transcriptome. Another example of genetic change of TF causing malignancy is the AML-ETO fusion protein in the human t(8;21)-leukemia. The fusion protein is an active TF, and more interestingly, new studies link the disease causing role of AML-ETO to the unique transcriptome in the hematopoietic stem cells. Nuclear receptors (NR) are a group of ligand-dependent TFs governing the expression of genes involved in a broad range of reproductive, developmental and metabolic programs. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of NRs lead to cancers and metabolic diseases. Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are well studied NRs in prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The development in sequencing technology and computational genomics enable us to investigate the transcription programs of these master TFs in an unprecedented level. This Research Topic aims to present the most up-to-date progress in the field of transcription regulation in cancers and metabolic diseases.

The book Recent Progress in Organometallic Chemistry mostly reviews the modem techniques and substantial organometallic and medical applications of inorganic materials. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of inorganic chemistry on organometallics and metallocenes. Each chapter provides technical and methodological details beyond the level found in typical journal articles or reviews and explores the application of organometallics, medicinal, inorganic, and catalysis to a significant problem in medical and catalysis, also providing a prospectus for the future. This book compiles with the expert knowledge of many specialists in the organic-inorganic synthesis and use of inorganic catalyst and metallocenes including chemical catalysis, biological catalysis, photo-electrocatalysis, bioassays, industrial catalysis, large-scale synthesis, micro-nanocatalyst, and so on in the field of fundamental and applied organometallic chemistry. Highlighting and importance are included on real and practical problems, ranging from industrial to medical applications and from single-multicells to animal to human objects. This offers the unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the scientist or researcher in organometallic chemistry in largely chemistry, biological, biomedical, physiological, metallocene, and inorganic chemistry fields.

This book offers a profound and multidisciplinary analysis of the transformation of the educational landscape following recent global crises. Across nineteen chapters, the volume provides a compendium of theoretical reflections and practical proposals ranging from teaching innovation in higher education to social interventions in diverse contexts. The authors explore critical themes such as the transition from face-to-face to virtual learning, the use of active methodologies (Flipped Learning, Service-Learning, and collaborative learning), and the implementation of specific technological tools in technical and health disciplines. This volume serves as a roadmap for educators and researchers seeking models of quality, inclusion, and technological adaptation within today's complex educational environment.

Looking at two smaller-scale systemic school improvement projects implemented in selected district circuits in the North West and Eastern Cape by partnerships between government, JET Education Services, and private sector organisations, this book captures and reflects on the experiences of the practitioners involved. The Systemic School Improvement Model developed by JET to address an identified range of interconnected challenges at district, school, classroom and household level, is made up of seven components. In reflecting on what worked and what did not in the implementation of these different components, the different chapters set out some of the practical lessons learnt, which could be used to improve the design and implementation of similar education improvement projects. Many of the lessons in this field that remain under-recorded to date relate to the step-by-step processes followed, the relationship dynamics encountered at different levels of the education system, and the local realities confronting schools and districts in South Africa's rural areas. Drawing on field data that is often not available to researchers, the book endeavours to address this gap and record these lessons. It is not intended to provide an academic review of the systemic school improvement projects. It is presented rather to offer other development practitioners working to improve the quality of education in South African schools, an understanding of some of the real practical and logistical challenges that arise and how these may be resolved to take further school improvement projects forward at a wider district, provincial and national scale.

Hans Nielsen Hauge established and led at the end of the 18th century Norway's first nationwide popular movement, a low church network that would leave its mark on everyday life, business development and politics in the transition from absolute monarchy to representational government. People called themselves Haugians long after Hauge's death in 1824. It was a spiritual awakening on a scale that deserves considerable room when we write the history of modern Norway. This book provides a new perspective on the roots of the Hauge movement in the religious mentality of the 18th century, on how it functioned in its most radical phase up to 1814, and on the importance of the network for economic modernization and political mobilization in the subsequent decades. Retrospective interpretations of Hauge's complex endeavor are also explored. In sum, the nine chapters provide a broader understanding of the Hauge movement and the era in which it flourished. We hope that the book also sheds light on the state of Norway's people, government and religiosity today, over 250 years after Hauge's birth. The book has been edited by research fellow Eli Morken Farstad and associate professor Kristian Holen Nymark, both historians at the University of South-Eastern Norway.

Ritual Irony is a critical study of four problematic later plays of Euripides: the Iphigenia in Aulis, the Phoenissae, the Heracles, and the Bacchae.Examining Euripides' representation of sacrificial ritual against the background of late fifth-century Athens, Helene P. Foley shows that each of these plays confronts directly the difficulty of making an archaic poetic tradition relevant to a democratic society. She explores the important mediating role played by choral poetry and ritual in the plays, asserting that Euripides' sacrificial metaphors and ritual performances link an anachronistic mythic ideal with a world dominated by "chance" or an incomprehensible divinity.Foley utilizes the ideas and methodology of contemporary literary theory and symbolic anthropology, addressing issues central to the emerging dialogue between the two fields. Her conclusions have important implications for the study of Greek tragedy as a whole and for our understanding of Euripides' tragic irony, his conception of religion, and the role of his choral odes.Assuming no specialized knowledge, Ritual Irony is aimed at all readers of Euripidean tragedy. It will prove particularly valuable to students and scholars of classics, comparative literature, and symbolic anthropology.Ritual Irony is a critical study of four problematic later plays of Euripides: the Iphigenia in Aulis, the Phoenissae, the Heracles, and the Bacchae.Examining Euripides' representation of sacrificial ritual against the background of late fifth-century Athens, Helene P. Foley shows that each of these plays confronts directly the difficulty of making an archaic poetic tradition relevant to a democratic society. She explores the important mediating role played by choral poetry and ritual in the plays, asserting that Euripides' sacrificial metaphors and ritual performances link an anachronistic mythic ideal with a world dominated by "chance" or an incomprehensible divinity. Foley utilizes the ideas and methodology of contemporary literary theory and symbolic anthropology, addressing issues central to the emerging dialogue between the two fields. Her conclusions have important implications for the study of Greek tragedy as a whole and for our understanding of Euripides' tragic irony, his conception of religion, and the role of his choral odes.Assuming no specialized knowledge, Ritual Irony is aimed at all readers of Euripidean tragedy. It will prove particularly valuable to students and scholars of classics, comparative literature, and symbolic anthropology.

The author achieves a dual purpose in this volume: "To portray the mind of the master, his peculiarly anachronistic culture in an epoch of change," and "to trace Bach's application of venerable philosophies—musical as well as theological—to a musical equipment technically so much in advance of his time." Mr. Chiapusso accordingly explores Bach's Lutheran education, the philosophers and writers available to him, and the influence of scientific thought on his faith and work. He finds that at the dawn of the Enlightenment, when traditional culture was giving way to new ideas, Bach retained an essentially medieval world view, exercising his art "for the glory of God." An understanding of this world view is essential, Mr. Chiapusso demonstrates, to the full appreciation of Bach's music, its spiritual foundations, and its impressive technical innovations. In this context the author goes on to examine such problems as Bach's attitude toward instrumentation, his ornamentation, his use of symbolism, his use of secular music in the church, and his borrowing of ecclesiastical music for secular purposes. A valuable addition to the history of music and ideas.

Throughout the history of our country there were different cultural developments, in this essay we are going to take into account only one, this is the Paracas culture, one of the oldest in Peru, also known as the dominators of the desert since they originated in the north of our country. The aim of this essay will be based mainly on demonstrating that the Paracas were not just a simple cultural development or a group of inhabitants of ancient Peru, on the contrary, we seek to highlight that each behaviourthroughout their period of development had a very important purpose that would demonstrate why the Paracas were a state that had a great administrative and sovereign power throughout the extension of its territory.In the course of the essay, first of all, general aspects of the Paracas state are mentioned, such as its period of development in ancient Peru, its discovery, its marvellous textile technique expressed mainly in its ceremonial and funerary mantles, as well as its architectural constructions. The fundamental aspects for a society to establish itself as a state are established, which according to García Toma and Porrúa Pérez are Population, Territory and Authority or Political Power, then each element is developed in relation to Paracas.In relation to the Paracas Territory, the territorial extension that they managed to dominate is mentioned and, of course, their capital is defined. Regarding the political power, which was considered as a theocratic government, we will explain the origin and the influences they had for this development to take place. Last but not least, we will talk about the population as the basis for the formation of a state, taking into account the importance of the economic activities they carried out. Finally, taking these three points into account, we will come to the conclusion that the Paracas were a highly organised population in various aspects, which would lead us to consider them as a very well-developed state of Ancient Peru.

"Ein Porträt vom Leben, Werk und Wirken der Ärztin Rahel Liebeschütz-Plaut. Rahel Liebeschütz-Plaut - 1923 die erste habilitierte Ärztin an der Medizinischen Fakultät in Hamburg und dritte habilitierte Ärztin überhaupt in Deutschland - musste als Jüdin nach der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten ihren Beruf aufgeben. Bis sie 1938 mit ihrer Familie nach England emigrierte, hatte sie auf vielen Ebenen die zunehmende Entrechtung und Isolation der Juden erlebt. Um ihren Enkelkindern die Gründe für die Auswanderung zu erklären, hat sie berührende Erinnerungen an die Zeit in Hamburg von 1932 bis 1938 verfasst, die hier erstmals veröffentlicht werden. Den Erinnerungen ist eine Biographie vorangestellt, die Aspekte der Juden- und Frauenemanzipation aufgreift und eine ungewöhnliche Familiengeschichte erzählt. Im dritten Teil des Buchs wird die Bedeutung von Rahel Liebeschütz-Plauts wissenschaftlicher Forschung im historischen Kontext beschrieben."

Legumes are a main source of nitrogen-rich edible seeds and constitute a major source of food for a significant part of the world's population. Particularly, they are the most relevant sources of plant proteins with nutraceutical and health benefit properties. This book was conceived to provide key research knowledge on health-promoting aspects of seed components, and their nutritional and nutraceutical values, for increasing awareness among the population of the research focus across the growing field of legume research, and the area of sustainable crop production.