Open Access Books

Origins of a Southern Mosaic explores the distinct, individual, and separate states that made up the colonial South. This volume contains four expanded lectures delivered in 1974 by Clarence L. Ver Steeg, professor of history at Northwestern University, as part of the annual Lamar Memorial Lectures at Mercer University. These lectures offer insight into the unique political and social backgrounds of Georgia and the Carolinas and the ways in which the individual backgrounds of these states come together to form a "quilt-like mosaic," with identifiable enclaves that contribute a special quality to the whole. The Georgia Open History Library has been made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this collection, do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

This book examines the connection between food and identity in the Nigerian diaspora community in Belgium. Encounters between people from different cultures do not lead to a simple adaptation of the diet, but usually give rise to some kind of fusion of new and indigenous food habits. The author questions the relationship between what Nigerian migrants in the diaspora eat, their self-perception and how they engage with outsiders. Starting with a historical introduction about the country, this study examines what aspects of the Nigerian food culture is retained and what has changed. This is reflected by the dynamics in the Nigerian homes, especially the gender roles. The new generation of Nigerians, who see Belgium as home, also hang on to a Nigerian diet that remains not only an important part of who they are, but is also used in the creation of cultural boundaries and group identities. However, the influence of the new environment is very present because each diaspora community, wherever and whenever, must adapt. Skills such as language and social norms are indeed necessary to survive in the new environment. Yet, food plays a prominent role: on the one hand, it contributes to the affirmation of Nigerian feelings, and on the other hand, food serves as a means of communication with the host country.

L’ouvrage s’intéresse aux modalités de la fin, envisagée du point de vue des représentations (fin de soi, fin du monde), de la finalité (eschatologie, téléologie), des poétiques (dénouement, suspens, circularité...), de la périodisation (histoire littéraire). Dans un parcours qui va du Moyen-Âge à la littérature contemporaine se révèlent de profondes ruptures qui semblent engager la fin du système de valeurs (politiques, religieuses, économiques) : révolution(s), industrialisation, exploitation, conflits mondiaux, menace nucléaire, climatique, biologique... Dans ce contexte, la notion de crise (en tant que ce qui peut se dépasser) ne suffit plus, et il semble nécessaire de relever, face à la diffusion du sentiment de fin globale, les formes qu’elle prend dans la littérature, où elle est mise en scène mais aussi en acte.

This book interrogates the contributions that religious traditions have made to climate change discussions within Africa, whether positive or negative. Drawing on a range of African contexts and religious traditions, the book provides concrete suggestions on how individuals and communities of faith must act in order to address the challenge of climate change. Despite the fact that Africa has contributed relatively little to historic carbon emissions, the continent will be affected disproportionally by the increasing impact of anthropogenic climate change. Contributors to this book provide a range of rich case studies to investigate how religious traditions, such as Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and indigenous faiths influence the worldviews and actions of their adherents. The chapters also interrogate how the moral authority and leadership provided by religion can be used to respond and adapt to the challenges posed by climate change. Topics covered include risk reduction and resilience, youth movements, indigenous knowledge systems, environmental degradation, gender perspectives, ecological theories, and climate change financing. This book will be of interest to scholars in diverse fields, including religious studies, sociology, political science, climate change, and environmental humanities. It may also benefit practitioners involved in solving community challenges related to climate change. This book interrogates the contributions that religious traditions have made to climate change discussions within Africa, whether positive or negative. Drawing on a range of African contexts and religious traditions, the book provides concrete suggestions on how individuals and communities of faith must act in order to address the challenge of climate change. Despite the fact that Africa has contributed relatively little to historic carbon emissions, the continent will be affected disproportionally by the increasing impact of anthropogenic climate change. Contributors to this book provide a range of rich case studies to investigate how religious traditions such as Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and indigenous faiths influence the worldviews and actions of their adherents. The chapters also interrogate how the moral authority and leadership provided by religion can be used to respond and adapt to the challenges posed by climate change. Topics covered include risk reduction and resilience, youth movements, indigenous knowledge systems, environmental degradation, gender perspectives, ecological theories, and climate change financing. This book will be of interest to scholars in diverse fields, including religious studies, sociology, political science, climate change and environmental humanities. It may also benefit practitioners involved in solving community challenges related to climate change.

The health status of residents of China and India lags behind relative to other populations, and health gains in each country have been uneven across subpopulations. Each health system provides little protection against financial risk, and patient satisfaction is a lower priority than it should be. This paper compares the Chinese and Indian health systems to determine what approaches to improving health in these two countries do and do not work.

The volume addresses the issue of political celebration in early modern Venice. Dealing with processional orders and iconographic programs, historiographical narratives and urbanistic canons, stylistic features and diplomatic accounts, the interdisciplinary contributions gathered in these pages aim to question the performative effectiveness and the social consistency of the so called ‘myth’ of Venice: a system of symbols, beliefs and meanings offering a self-portrait of the ruling elite, the Venetian patriciate. In order to do so, the volume calls for a spatial turn in Venetian studies, blurring the boundaries between institutionalized and unofficial ceremonial spaces and considering their ongoing interaction in representing the rule of the Serenissima. The twelve chapters move from Palazzo Ducale to the Venetian streets and from the city of Venice to its dominions, thus widening considerably the range of social and political actors and audiences involved in the analysis. Such multifocal perspective allows us to challenge the very idea of a single ‘myth’ of Venice.

How can university lecturers organise performance assessments as well as the assessment and feedback of learning outcomes in a way that is as conducive to learning as possible? The book offers application-orientated advice on the design, assessment and feedback of examinations and many other formats of assessment. It also addresses the fundamentals of learning psychology, knowledge of which is valuable for effective and valid assessment practice.

Le cavalier armé de sa lance triomphe du dragon, mais le monstre de l’hérésie renaît sans cesse et le combat des nobles pour le salut peut paraître sans fin… La défense de l’ordre religieux par les armes est-elle, cependant, une constante de l’identité nobiliaire, comme le laisserait accroire la permanence du mythe de saint Georges dans les représentations ? Le présent recueil, qui rassemble les contributions au colloque international tenu en décembre 2008 à l’université Rennes 2, illustre la diversité des formes d’engagement des nobles pour la foi sur une période cruciale de l’histoire des mobilisations religieuses (XIIIe-XVIIe siècle). Trop souvent reléguée au rang de simple « bras armé » de l’Église, la noblesse a ainsi pris une part active à la défense de la foi, qui ne se réduit pas à la lointaine expérience des croisades contre les infidèles, ni même au seul usage des armes. Aux XIIIe-XIVe siècles, la défense de la foi par la noblesse s’organise dans un cadre encore largement façonné par la papauté, la Chrétienté. Son effacement progressif, dès avant les Réformes religieuses du XVIe siècle, ne fait que démultiplier les possibilités d’implication de la noblesse. Au moment où la pureté de la foi devient aussi l’affaire des États, la noblesse doit reconsidérer sa participation au maintien de l’orthodoxie. De part et d’autres des nouvelles barrières confessionnelles qui s’érigent dans l’Europe des guerres de Religion, les nobles s’efforcent, non sans ambiguïtés, de conjuguer le combat pour la foi, la fidélité au prince et la perpétuation de l’ordre social.

This book deepens the study and knowledge on pectins, especially in the processes of extraction, purification, and characterization, in short its many and wide applications. Among the most prominent applications are the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. The development of pectins has a very promising future with a marked annual increase and with a wide range of sources. As written above, this book will help its readers to expand their knowledge on this biopolymer with vast application in the industry worldwide.

About the publication Honoured to present to you, the reader, the 2020 edition of the Pretoria Student Law Review (PSLR), an annual publication which is the pride of the best law faculty in Africa (according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings). The University of Pretoria’s Law Faculty ranks in the top 100 law faculties in the world, a feat unequalled in Africa. The PSLR is a student driven law review that creates an interactive forum for students, academics and legal professionals to discuss topical legal matters that challenge the status quo. At the beginning of this year, lay the fantasy of newness — presenting an opportunity to do great things. But as I reflect on the journey leading to this publication, I understand that the 2020 edition of the PSLR had an engine that ran on hope; faith; dedication; perseverance; commitment and hard work. Our predecessors had a vision to create a boldly outlined legacy for the PSLR, they spearheaded the setting up of a system that would last the lifespan of the PSLR. Today, some 13 years after the first edition of the PSLR, South Africa, the continent and the world at large are on the cusp of a new era — socially, economically and politically. When my journey as Editor-in-Chief commenced, I imagined the PSLR as a ship, whose captain was myself. Customarily, it is easy to be a captain of a ship in calm seas, but unlike most of my predecessors, I have had to be the captain of a ship through the heftiest of storms. The world was not truly prepared to face challenges presented by the Covid-19, let alone the PSLR. In the wake of the 4IR and this new age of technology, sailing this ship to success was still a heavy task to complete. It is therefore with great honour to have been able to successfully complete the task for which we, the 14th cohort of the Editorial Board, were called for. We have upheld the esteemed reputations that have been left by our predecessors. Fittingly, I wish to applaud my team for their inspiring commitment, outstanding contribution and service in maintaining the elevated standard of the PSLR. For indeed it is a publication, par excellence. Amidst the storms, we have spearheaded the establishment of a ‘free-floating’ PSLR Collection in the OR Tambo Law Library. This collection is dedicated to house all published PSLR editions, dating since the inception of the PSLR in 2007. We have established and strengthened relations with other Law Faculties in the country, and even beyond. We published the very first special edition of the PSLR, a focused edition that covers a critical issue brought before the South African Law Deans Association — the Decolonisation of Legal Education. We have established a system by which all authors who publish with us, ought to have an ORCID iD. We have adopted internal regulations that outline the principles that govern the Editorial Board. We have spearheaded the adoption and implementation of a policy that forces us to comply with DHET Standards in order to be a DHET Accredited Journal so as to encourage and foster a student culture of critical research & writing in legal academia. I am truly proud of the work that the authors have put into their articles and I would like to thank them for their submissions and tireless efforts to produce quality articles. More-so, I am proud of the Editorial Board for being able to work under immense pressure. This edition would have not been possible without the dedication and hard work of this dream team. I remain indebted to you all: Adelaide Chagopa, Kayla Thomas, Marcia van der Merwe, Nicholas Herd and Phenyo Sekati. It has been a great pleasure and a privilege to have worked with you on this annual edition. A note of thanks to Dr Gustav Muller in his capacity as the Guardian of the PSLR. To the reviewers, your adjudication lays the foundation for each edition, year-in-yearout. Your support and contribution to the PSLR remains invaluable. To Lizette Hermann, Elzet Hurter and Mornay Hassen, thank you for your continued and immeasurable support throughout this journey. To Primrose E.R Kurasha, thank you for believing in me and for guiding me. I am forever indebted to you my friend. To my family: Elizabeth Mtshweni; Jostina Mtshweni; Clayton Mtshweni; Lucas Berto Mateus; Stephine Mashilo and Lerato Mashilo, words cannot begin to express my gratitude for all the support you have given me throughout this journey. Thank you for keeping me sane through one of the toughest times of my ‘publishing’ career. Thank you for the endless amount of support and the unconditional love you give me always. You are the power & oil that kept this engine running, all by the sufficient grace of God. I hereby pass the baton and entrust the next Editor-in-Chief with the difficult task of running faster and running a better marathon than myself and my predecessors. To you future author, I implore you to start writing, for the water does not flow until the faucet is turned on. To you the reader, Jurgen Zwecker was right: enjoy the read — without fear to question what is in front of you, for that is the only way we, as scholars, grow. Simon Motshweni Editor-in-Chief 2020

In this Special Issue, readers will find selected works pertaining to the integration and intensification methods that are currently adopted for carbon capture, stemming from the generation of waste gasses. Novel optimization methods achieved through modeling as well as numerical studies are also reported in these papers in order to improve industries such as textile, and also to predict the onset of local diseases. Moreover, the potential use of solid organic waste as nutrients to grow microalgae for the production of protein, carbohydrate and lipid sources highlights the significant use of waste via bioconversion, without the need to undergo landfilling. Besides microalgae, bacteria are also capable of composting solid organic waste into useful green energy pellets to advocate the waste-to-energy development plan. Furthermore, the potential use of solar energy for process intensification has been integrated into industrial processes to partially offset a part of the energy requirements, gaining traction toward energy sustainability in the long term. Finally, not overlooking the importance of battery, various processes to recover lithium from oily wastewater sources are reported as well. Overall, this Special Issue undoubtedly captures every important feature of advanced processes in a perpetual intensification and integration for the betterment of both humanity and the natural environment.

The demonstrations of monks in Tibet and Myanmar (Burma) in recent times as well as the age-old conflict between a predominantly Buddhist population and a Hindu minority in Sri Lanka raise the question of how the issues of human rights and Buddhism are related. The question applies both to the violation of basic rights in Buddhist countries and to the defence of those rights which are well-grounded in Buddhist teachings. The volume provides academic essays that reflect this up to now rather neglected issue from the point of view of the three main Buddhist traditions, Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana. It provides multi-faceted and surprising insights into a rather unlikely relationship.

Barbe Avrillot, épouse Acarie, est considérée à juste titre comme l’instigatrice, avec Pierre de Bérulle, de l’implantation en France de l’Ordre du Carmel, réformé par Thérèse d’Avila. Ce projet religieux s’inscrit à la fois dans l’histoire personnelle et familiale de « madame Acarie » – comme les historiens ont pris l’habitude de l’appeler – et dans le contexte de pacification religieuse et de réconciliation politique propre au règne d’Henri IV. Fille des guerres de Religion, mariée à un protagoniste de la Ligue, Barbe Avrillot contribue puissamment, dans les années qui suivent l’édit de Nantes (1598), à convertir le combat armé des ligueurs contre les huguenots en un combat spirituel, voire mystique, par les armes de la prière et de l’ascèse. Elle mobilise son influent réseau d’amis, habitués pour la plupart de son hôtel du Marais à Paris, pour faire venir en France en 1604, non sans difficultés, un petit groupe de carmélites formées à l’école de Thérèse d’Avila. Devenue veuve, elle entre dix ans plus tard, en 1614, au carmel d’Amiens et y devient sœur converse sous le nom de Marie de l’Incarnation. Déplacée au monastère de Pontoise, elle y meurt en 1618. Elle est béatifiée sous le pontificat de Pie VI, en 1791, alors que le conflit s’envenime entre le Saint-Siège et la France révolutionnaire.

Examines the performance of Pennsylvania's workers' compensation system, focusing on benefits and compensation, workplace safety, medical care, and dispute resolution. The authors find that the system performs fairly well relative to other states, but that it faces challenges in improving safety and in dealing with rising health care costs. The authors discuss future policy options, emphasizing the need for more and better performance data.

Introduction essay and Chapter 1 are available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This groundbreaking reader is designed to lower the barriers to interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in research. Edited by experienced researchers from a range of different fields, it paves the way for future scholarship and effective research collaborations across disciplines. Chapters offer extracts from key academic texts on topics such as the design, funding, evaluation and communication of research, providing those new to the field with a thorough grounding. They highlight examples of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary triumphs – and challenges. Concluding each chapter is a commentary provided by practitioners from diverse backgrounds, many of whom are themselves developing new approaches to inter- and transdisciplinarity. The book is: • the first ever comprehensive reader for interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity; • essential reading for those seeking to become effective collaborative researchers; • complete with concise introductions, extracts, commentary and further reading in each chapter. This is a much-needed primer that improves our understanding of the characteristics of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity, unlocking their exciting potential in research and teaching within and beyond academia.