Open Access Books

Small island states are one of the most affected areas by sea-level rise, and sustainable transport development is crucial to their transition towards resiliency. However, their special spatial situations, insularity, geographic remoteness, small populations, and small economies resulted in high transport costs and car dependencies. The book moves away from the conventional focus on urban areas in the Global North and tourism. It gives a different perspective on sustainable transport, travelling, and commuting in the Caribbean and Europe. The authors provide research-based insights and show the state-of-the-art and future approaches for policy-makers, academics, and practitioners. Even beyond small island state research, the book offers an innovative outlook.

This report provides an overview of decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, to inform both modelers and policymakers. It offers ways to use these tools to help address real-world policy questions related to infectious disease prevention, detection, control, and response and recommends best practices for technical experts and policymakers to collaborate in developing and using the tools.

Irony has always been in the center of a continuous debate of scholars of many different scientific disciplines. It is a game and a revolution: it overthrows the world, and transforms it. It can be present in all kinds of communication (rhetoric and artistic literature, theater and dialogue, question and silent response) and in all forms of media (web, movies, radio and the press). Over the centuries, to its original meaning, the complementary one have been added: from – firstly – ‘εἰρωνεία’, ‘eironeia’, meant a synonym of polimorphicness (‘πολυτροπία’, ‘politropìa’, and that is why ‘πολύτροπος’ — ‘politropos’, polymorphic — is used to define the genius of Ulysses, in the Odyssey), to the implication of hypocrisy, falseness and pretended ignorance and even lie; but – with Socrates – irony becomes the instrument of revealing the truth (‘ἀλήθεια’ – ‘alèteia’). However, in the classical acceptation, it remains an element which belongs to interpretation, and therefore to ‘δόξα’, ‘doxa’ (‘opinion’), rather than to ‘λόγος’, ‘lògos’ (‘word’, ‘speech’)._x000D_ An element, which should be mentioned, and which is unprecedented, is the relationship between irony and the well known theatre anthropologist Eugenio Barba’s sats (the jump). Another element that should be mentioned, is a type of irony, which – we think – up to now has never been analyzed: cultural quotation irony (a type of semasiological xenism) that is a kind of irony depending on references to a certain culture, for example to Italian culture. Hence, the proposal to this constitutes a new category of irony.

This book contains several recent articles written about broken spacetime symmetry. The context is curved spacetime as used in General Relativity and the broken symmetry most discussed is Local Lorentz Symmetry. While there is currently no experimental evidence for broken Lorentz symmetry in nature, it is an object of great study from theoretical, phenomenological, and experimental perspectives. All three appear in this volume. There are three review articles in this volume: Fabian Kislat summarizes astrophysical probes of Lorentz violation, especially those using polarized light; Michael Seifert discusses a particular limit of the Standard-Model Extension that is useful for relating theoretical and experimental ideas; and Marco Schreck describes circumstances under which gravitational Cerenkov radiation could arise from Lorentz violation. The other three articles focus more on original research: Charles Lane and Quentin Bailey relate a particular theory of noncommutative geometry to the curved-spacetime Standard-Model Extension; Yuri Bonder and Christobal Corral consider the existence of spacetime symmetries in models with explicit Lorentz violation; and Pawel Gusin et al. study a spacetime transformation that relates the inside and outside of a nonrotating black hole.

This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2019, held in New York City, NY, USA, in October 2019. The 15 full papers and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They cover topics such as: e-health technology design; well-being technology; biomedical and health informatics; and smart environment technology.

Qui connaît Timothée de Milet, pourtant l’un des plus grands musiciens et poètes grecs de la fin du Ve siècle avant J.-C. et de la première moitié du IVe ? Même la découverte, en Égypte, d’un important papyrus de ses Perses ne lui a pas rendu la place qu’il méritait. Le présent livre n’en sera que plus utile. Réédités, traduits, commentés, tous les fragments de Timothée, dont un fragment musical, grâce à lui deviennent accessibles. Il offre également la synthèse la plus complète sur un auteur longtemps méconnu, replacé dans l’univers poétique et musical qui fut le sien.

Este livro, que teve a sua primeira edição em 1977, propõe a síntese final dos estudos que se reportam aos modos e meios de agir sobre a terra e as suas produções, num quadro de vida rural anterior às inovações técnicas e tecnológicas traduzidas pela introdução de equipamentos e maquinarias industriais. Reeditá-lo hoje é reafirmar a sua importância intrínseca de estudo etnológico de grande relevância para a análise comparada no contexto europeu em que investigações semelhantes foram produzidas. Mas, com a passagem do tempo e as profundas transformações ocorridas na sociedade rural portuguesa, julgamos que esta obra adquire uma nova dimensão e perspectiva, pois é já enquanto documento do passado que ela vai ajudar a fazer a história e a melhor perceber os homens e as suas relações, numa sociedade agora evanescente.

What exactly is a crowd? How do crowds differ from other large gatherings of people? And how do they transform emotions, politics, or faith? In Crowds, contributors draw on their experiences and expertise to reflect on their encounters with crowds. Each chapter examines a particular crowd or conception of crowdedness to provide an analysis of how, when, where—and with whom—crowds form in different contexts, as well as their purpose and the practical effect the experience has on both the participants and their environment. The wide selection of case studies ranges from the crowds that form every year during the Hajj, to New Year celebrations in China, commuters on the Delhi metro, public prayer in Nigeria, online mobs in Bangladesh, and the crowds that have emerged during protest movements in Thailand and Syria. Crowds makes a key contribution to establishing an anthropological theory of crowds and will be an essential read for both students and researchers.

This book investigates Muslim narratives on Qurʾanic distortion through a meticulous analysis of hadith. Using isnād-cum-matn analysis, Seyfeddin Kara discovers the historical origins of this disputed claim and illuminates the dynamic interplay between Sunni and Shiʿi traditionists. He demonstrates that isnād-cum-matn analysis is not only an important tool for dating hadiths but also crucial for uncovering forgeries. By identifying the individuals responsible, he provides new explanations of forgery culture in early Muslim society. Kara illuminates debates over the textual integrity and evolution of the written Qurʾanic text, offering insights into the enigmatic early history of Islam. By pushing the boundaries of isnād-cum-matn analysis, this book makes methodological advancements in the study of early Islamic history and contributes to its reconstruction on the question of the canonised Qur’an’s integrity.

political conflict; Germany; European integration differentiation; differentiation; differentiated integration; party responses; Poland; United Kingdom; Switzerland

In-depth examination of the inherent tensions and dynamics of transport corridors in Africa: between short-term optics and long-term durability; between regional integration and national interest; between the facilitation of trade and the generation of corridor revenue. The image of the corridor, a central pathway of road and rail carving its way through Africa's interior, has guided the coordination of transport and trade developments on the continent in recent decades. Existing analysis of the "Corridor" - a label with a great capacity to change shape, guiding funding and infrastructural priorities at different times and in different settings - tends to be presentist, technical, and conveyed in the language of transport economics. The chapters collected here showcase a more varied approach, offering perspectives from academics and policy-makers coming from a range of disciplinary backgrounds. They capture the varied forms of the corridor concept (developmental, transport, and trade corridors), the multiplicity of actors (including China and the European Union), as well as the different permutations of the infrastructure itself, in corridors linking coastal states and in others that link coastal states with the hinterland. The breadth of cases allows for a comparative perspective of East, West, and Southern Africa, as well as the basis of comparisons outside of the continent in Europe, South Asia, and elsewhere. The motivations behind corridor initiatives in Africa range enormously, from resource extraction to urban development and poverty reduction. A lot depends on scale, and this collection places the grand designs thrashed out at continental and regional economic forums alongside the individual concerns of drivers and cross-border traders hauling goods across the continent's checkpoints. What emerges are a number of central tensions in the study of transport corridors: between short-term optics and long-term durability; between road and rail as modes of transportation; between regional integration and national interest; between the facilitation of trade and the generation of corridor revenue; between different port configurations; and between local dynamics and the dynamics of long-distance transportation. This book is available as an Open Access ebook under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC.

“For the past twenty years the University of Arizona’s archaeological field school has been conducting research focused on Grasshopper Pueblo, a large, fourteenth-century Western Anasazi site, located below the Mogollon Rim, on the Fort Apache Reservation, in Arizona. . . . Research questions pursued at Grasshopper involve explicating the founding, growth, and abandonment of the site within the context of three broad areas of causality. These are environmental and climactic change; regional and interregional economics, especially trade; and subsistence change, including agricultural intensification. The papers in this volume . . . are presented as specialized contributions to this work.”—Journal of Anthropological Research Contributors: Larry D. Agenbroad Eric J. Arnould Walter H. Birkby Vorsila L. Bohrer Jeffrey S. Dean Michael W. Graves Sally J. Holbrook Gerald K. Kelso William A. Longacre Charmion R. McKusick J. Jefferson Reid John W. Olsen Stanley J. Olsen William Reynolds William J. Robinson Izumi Shimada Stephanie M. Whittlesey David R. Wilcox

Sharīʿa in Africa Today. Reactions and Responses explores how Islamic law has influenced relations between Muslims and Christians, through a series of case studies by young African scholars working in Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Tanzania Readership: All interested in contemporary Islam, Muslim Christian relations and on current public debates related to the practical implications of Islamic law in Africa south of the Sahara.

This open access volume presents a novel computational framework for understanding how collections of excitable cells work. The key approach in the text is to model excitable tissue by representing the individual cells constituting the tissue. This is in stark contrast to the common approach where homogenization is used to develop models where the cells are not explicitly present. The approach allows for very detailed analysis of small collections of excitable cells, but computational challenges limit the applicability in the presence of large collections of cells.

"This book offers an eclectic range of transdisciplinary insights into the role of metaphor, myth and fable in shaping our understanding of the world and how we interact with it and with each other. Drawing on innovative perspectives from widely different fields, this book explores how metaphor might facilitate and underpin transformative change towards environmental, ecological and societal sustainability. It illustrates the ways in which contemporary metaphors lock us into patterns of thinking, modes of behaviour and styles of living that reproduce and accentuate our current socio-environmental problems. It sets itself the task of finding new metaphors and myths that might help move us towards sustainability as societal flourishing. By examining the use of metaphor in diverse fields such as energy use, the food system, health care, arts and the humanities, it invites the reader to reflect on the deep-seated influence of language in general, and metaphor in particular, in shaping how we understand and act upon the world. Re-imagining the use of language in framing both the problems we face and the solutions we devise, this novel contribution is a vital source of ideas for those aiming to change how we think and act in pursuit of more sustainable futures."