Open Access Books

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) END-TB strategy has set the world on course to climb the highest of medical mountains by 2035, with a targeted peak of reductions in TB deaths by 95%, TB cases by 90%, and no burdens of catastrophic expenses on families due to TB. Eliminating TB in the Asia-Pacific region, which has 62% of all estimated TB patients globally, will require innovation, rigorous research, and sustained investment. This special issue connects original research and viewpoints on pertinent approaches for improving TB care and prevention in the Asia-Pacific region.

Although additives are regularly used in the food industry to improve the organoleptic properties or extend the shelf life of food products, some additives are known to be potentially hazardous if consumed in excess. Increasingly, consumers are avoiding these types of products, highlighting an overall trend toward developing a green and sustainable economy and the emergence of natural additives with equal or greater benefits than synthetic ones. This book is an introduction to the use of natural food additives. It includes eleven chapters that discuss emerging compounds used as food additives and active packaging, molecular gastronomy, enzyme production in the food industry, and much more.

El estudio de la gramática generativa en el Centro de Estudios Lingüísticos y Literarios de El Colegio de México comenzó en la década de los sesenta, motivado por las inquietudes de algunos alumnos del Programa de Doctorado en Lingüística Hispánica. Para los especialistas, es sabido que la teoría generativa ha cambiado mucho en los últimos cinco años. Los artículos que aquí aparecen reflejan los distintos momentos teóricos del periodo.

This work contains a selection of papers from the International Conference on Urban Studies (ICUS 2017) and is a bi-annual periodical publication containing articles on urban cultural studies based on the international conference organized by the Faculty of Humanities at the Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. This publication contains studies on issues that become phenomena in urban life, including linguistics, literary, identity, gender, architecture, media, locality, globalization, the dynamics of urban society and culture, and urban history. This is an Open Access ebook, and can be found on www.taylorfrancis.com.

This Element argues that Japan has fundamentally shifted its military posture over the last three decades and traversed into a new categorisation of a more capable military power and integrated US ally. This results from Japan's recognition of its changing strategic environment that requires a new grand strategy and military doctrines.

As smartphones mediate more of our activities, they are changing our relationship with meaning. To a teenager, for example a “conversation” is just as likely to refer to an exchange of text messages as it is a face-to-face discussion. Meanwhile, Facebook has redefined what friendship means, Snapchat what a memory means, etc. The kinds of changes smartphones bring are happening at rapid pace: TikTok reached a billion users in just over three years, whereas it took the telephone 75 years to reach a tenth of that number of people. Meaningful Technologies: How Digital Metaphors Change the Way We Think and Live by Eric Chown and Fernando Nascimento offers systematic reconsideration of the ways in which digital technologies impact our lives both individually and collectively. Metaphors aren’t just a clever way to describe technology, they are also changing the way we think. When we click on a picture of a shopping cart it connects a complex set of technologies to represent a simple idea that we’re all familiar with. A heart icon under a photo is understood as an easy way to express appreciation. We aren’t required to understand how technology works, just how we interact with it. The ambiguity of metaphors, and the complexity of technology can also hide important realities about what is being described. “The cloud,” for example, actually consists of very real data centers, which consume huge amounts of natural resources to keep running. Meanwhile, pressing that heart icon on a photo is a signal to the artificial intelligences running in your app that you want to see more things like that photo and that it should adjust what it knows about you accordingly. There is a constant feedback loop between us and the digital technologies we use. We are constantly using them and they are changing us through their usage. Meaningful Technologies focuses on this loop from the perspectives of hermeneutic philosophy and cognitive science. Through the former, the authors examine meaning and how it changes over time. Through the latter, they gain understanding of how this feedback loop impacts individuals, especially in terms of learning and attention. Chown and Nascimento argue that, on the one hand, apps have a kind of agency never before possible in a technology, but also that, armed with a critical framework for examining such apps, we can regain some of our own agency. This book will appeal to scholars of digital media digital and computational studies, and those interested in issues related to ethical impacts of digital technologies.

Das Datenrechtsgesetz, ein Grundstein für den Übergang der Menschheit von der industriellen zur digitalen Zivilisation, hat eine besondere Bedeutung für die Förderung der globalen Governance des Internets und den Aufbau einer Gemeinschaft mit einer gemeinsamen Zukunft im Cyberspace. Entwicklung und Vertiefung des Datenrechtsgesetz 1.0: Die theoretische Basis, Datenrechtsgesetz 2.0: Die Systemkonstruktion schlägt kreativ die Hypothese der « Datenperson » vor, die die juristischen Forschungsfelder erweitert und die Vorstellung vom Bild der Person aus juristischer Sicht bereichert. Das Buch geht davon aus, dass es drei wesentliche Datenrechte gibt, nämlich das Recht auf Daten, das Teilhaberecht und die Datenhoheit. Und es ist eine gute Antwort auf die wichtige Richtlinie der Glückwunschbotschaft von Präsident Xi Jinping zur China Internationalen Big Data-Industrie-Expo 2019, die darauf hinweist, dass wir « die Chancen in der Entwicklung der Digitalisierung, Vernetzung und Intelligenz nutzen und die Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Recht, Sicherheit und Regierungsführung bei der Entwicklung der Big Data-Industrie richtig angehen sollten. »

Literature and Computation presents some of the most relevantly innovative recent approaches to literary practice, theory, and criticism as driven by computation and situated in digital environments. These approaches rely on automated analyses, but use them creatively, engage in text modeling but inform it with qualitative[-interpretive] critical possibilities, and contribute to present-day platform culture in revolutionizing intermedial ways. While such new directions involve more and more sophisticated machine learning and artificial intelligence, they also mark a spectacular return of the (trans)human(istic) and of traditional-modern literary or urgent political, gender, and minority-related concerns and modes now addressed in ever subtler and more nuanced ways within human-computer interaction frameworks. Expanding the boundaries of literary and data studies, digital humanities, and electronic literature, the featured contributions unveil an emerging landscape of trailblazing practice and theoretical crossovers ready and able to spawn and/or chart the witness literature of our age and cultures.

Die religionswissenschaftliche Detailstudie versteht sich als Beitrag zur Erforschung von Hinduismen. Sie rekonstruiert in Zürich und Wien, stellvertretend für zwei nationalstaatliche Kontexte, hinduistische Tempelpraktiken. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach dem praktischen Vollzug des Geschehens im Hindutempel, also die Frage danach, welche Praktiken einen Tempel als solchen hervorbringen. Einem ethnomethodologischen Zugang verpflichtet, rekonstruiert die Studie die Routine gemeinschaftlicher hinduistischer Tempelpraxis – das ‘doing mandir’. Damit füllt sie eine Forschungslücke und leistet einen Beitrag zur Etablierung praxistheoretischer Zugänge in der Religionswissenschaft und ihrer Übersetzung in die Konkretion empirischer Forschung.

Twenty-three major databases containing historical longitudinal population data are presented and discussed in this volume, focusing on their aims, content, design, and structure. Some of these databases are based on pure longitudinal sources, such as population registers that continuously observe and record demographic events, including migration and family and household composition. Other databases are family reconstitutions, based on birth, marriage and death records. The third and last category consists of semi-longitudinal databases, that combine, for instance, civil records and censuses and/ or tax registers. The volume traces the origins of historical longitudinal databases from the 1970s and discusses their expansion worldwide, in terms of sources and hard- and software. The contributions highlight the unique genesis and common developmental arcs of these databases, which are rooted in the fields of quantitative history, social and demographic history, and the history of ordinary people. The importance of these databases in advancing knowledge and insights in various disciplines is emphasized and demonstrated, along with the challenges and opportunities they face. The collection of technical descriptions of these databases represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date overview of large database with longitudinal micro-data on historical populations. It includes descriptions of databases from Europe, North America, East-Asia, Australia, South-Africa and Suriname. Technical details, in terms of data entry, cleaning, standardization and record linkage are meticulously documented. The volume is a must-have for all scholars in the field of historical life course studies.

Little is known of Karel Havlíček Borovský (1821-56) outside Czechoslovakia, but his fellow Czechs revere him. He is one of their nineteenth-century culture heroes - satirist of great finesse and a shrewd but always humane journalist and politician. The Russian journey proved to be the turning point in Havlíček's life.

Título de la cubierta: Estudios sobre la estructura social en la Argentina contemporánea. Coeditado por PISAC y Consejo de Decanos de Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas.

Este libro analiza la creación y gestión de marcas sostenibles, desde el sector textil y de confecciones, como un asunto que permite no solo el mejoramiento de procesos sino también el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de responsabilidad social empresarial. En la publicación se trata el proceso de producción del sector en mención, tal y como fue descrito por los participantes de la investigación, se habla también de sus impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos y se introduce el concepto de mercadeo y publicidad verde para conducir a la idea de marcas sostenibles.

Drawing on hitherto neglected archival materials, Zohar Segev sheds new light on the policy of the World Jewish Congress (WJC) during the Holocaust. Contrary to popular belief, he can show that there was an impressive system of previously unknown rescue efforts. Even more so, there is evidence for an alternative pattern for modern Jewish existence in the thinking and policy of the World Jewish Congress. WJC leaders supported the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine but did not see it as an end in itself. They strove to establish a Jewish state and to rehabilitate Diaspora Jewish life, two goals they saw as mutually complementary. The efforts of the WJC are put into the context of the serious difficulties facing the American Jewish community and its representative institutions during and after the war, as they tried to act as an ethnic minority within American society. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.--Provided by publisher.

Edited by experts at the leading edge of the development of causal assessment methods for more than two decades, Ecological Causal Assessment gives insight and expert guidance on how to identify cause-effect relationships in environmental systems. The book discusses the importance of asking the fundamental question "Why did this effect happen?" bef