Open Access Books

Ludic techniques are more and more widely increasingly used in language teaching. In relation to the Polish language, there are no studies focusing on the mnemotechnical use of games and plays. The aim of this article is to present selected games and activities in the context of the role of mnemotechnics in the process of teaching Polish as a foreign language and as a native language. The paper presents the function of mnemotechnics, and a general outline of games and plays. The author presented three different games and the ways of playing them. “Dixit” and “Taboo” games were reviewed, as well as methods of using them them in Polish language lessons in a primary school at all levels of education and high school. In addition, she described examples of using these games in teaching Polish as a foreign language.

Themenheft 25: Medienbildung und informatische Bildung – quo vadis?. Herausgegeben von Klaus Rummler, Beat Döbeli Honegger, Heinz Moser und Horst Niesyto

This is the first scholarly study of the political and economic relationship between Louis XIV and the parlements of France, the Parlement of Paris and all the provincial tribunals. The author explains how the king managed to overcome the century-old opposition of the parlements to new legislation, and to impose upon them the strict political discipline for which this reign, and only this reign, is known. Hurt shows that the king built upon that discipline to extract large sums of money from the judges in the parlements, notably in the form of forced loans and office sales, thus damaging their economic interests. When the king died in 1715, the regent, Philippe d'Orléans, after a brief attempt to befriend the parlements through compromise, resorted to the authoritarian methods of Louis XIV and perpetuated the Sun King's political and economic legacy. This study calls into question the current revisionist understanding of the reign of Louis XIV and insists that, after all, absolute government had a harsh reality at its core. Based upon extensive archival research, Louis XIV and the parlements will be of interest to all students of the history of early modern France and the monarchies of Europe.

Writing Black Scotland examines race and racism in devolutionary Scottish literature, with a focus on the critical significance of blackness. The book reads blackness in Scottish writing from the 1970s to the early 2000s, a period of history defined by post-imperial adjustment. Critiquing a unifying Britishness at work in black British criticism, Jackson argues for the importance of black politics in Scottish writing, and for a literary registration of race and racism which signals a necessary negotiation for national Scotland both before and after 1997.

The correct management of territory and its planning based on scientific criteria in the face of the anthropogenic impacts of human activities is one of the main challenges in the 21st century. This publication includes some of the latest advancements in environmental planning and spatial analysis related to the ecological management of territory from a multidisciplinary perspective. The research papers from different researchers, scholars and experts in this field included in this collection were published by the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health after undergoing a rigorous anonymous peer review process.

Dans un contexte de raréfaction des ressources en énergie fossile et de changements climatiques, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, qui n’est pas actuellement soumise au protocole de Kyoto, doit répondre aux préoccupations environnementales et trouver les voies et moyens d’une moins grande dépendance énergétique. Au moment où le Territoire définit son Schéma d’aménagement et de développement 2025 et, dans le prolongement, son Schéma de l’énergie et du climat, le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et l’ADEME, via le Comité territorial pour la maîtrise de l’énergie (CTME), ont demandé à l’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) de produire un état des lieux complet et une analyse pluridisciplinaire des enjeux constitutifs de la question de l’énergie dans le développement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La maîtrise de l’énergie, les nouvelles technologies en matière de production et de stockage d’énergie, les moyens de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, la géopolitique de l’énergie et du climat et la coopération régionale, la gouvernance de l’énergie et du climat en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ont ainsi été examinés au cours de l’année 2009 par un collège d’experts qui en restitue ici le bilan détaillé. Cette expertise collégiale, qui a mobilisé l’ensemble des données scientifiques disponibles pour les décliner sur le cas particulier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, livre une série de recommandations qui pourront utilement venir à l’appui des politiques que le Territoire est sur le point de se donner.

In marked contrast to what has hitherto been thought the 432 titles of Digest are not an amorphous heap of quotations but have to a significant extent a rhetorical structure. The hermeneutics of the Digest have to take this into account which makes a systematic interpretation of the titles not only legitimate but even necessary. These findings entail a revision of Bluhmes ‚mass-theory‘. Dieser Band präsentiert zunächst die Morphologie der 432 Titel der Pandekten als weitgehend rhetorisch komponiert, woraufhin diese Einsicht in eine systematische Hermeneutik übersetzt wird: die Titel der Pandekten sind – auch – systematisch auszulegen. Friedrich Bluhmes Massentheorie erscheint daher richtig, aber unvollständig und beweist nicht, dass das räumliche Nacheinander der die Titel ausmachenden Leges die unabsichtliche Folge des zeitlichen Nacheinanders des Exzerpierens ist. Es scheint vielmehr die absichtliche Folge eines Kompositionsbestrebens zu sein. Bei einer konsequenten Anwendung von Bluhmes eigener Methode käme man zu dem Ergebnis, dass etwa ein Viertel der Leges nicht dort alloziert sind, wo sie theoretisch stehen müssten. Durch diese ‚Versetzungen‘ werden semantische Systeme mit den umgebenden Stellen etabliert, indem die Kompilatoren mittels der Leittextmethode in einen textlichen Hauptstrang Nebenstränge einflechten.

Durch Migration entstehen vielfältige Formen der Mobilität, die verschiedene Orte, Lebensweisen und Visionen miteinander verbinden. Menschen, die migrieren, schaffen Räume, die sich sowohl von denen unterscheiden, die sie verlassen haben, als auch von jenen, die neu bezogen wurden. So werden Strukturen, Kulturen und Kommunikationsformen erschaffen, die ohne Impulse durch Migration kaum denkbar wären. Die Lebenspraxis zeigt, dass Menschen mehrere Heimaten und Zugehörigkeiten haben, diverse kulturelle und soziale Netzwerke schaffen können und dass sie mit negativen Zuschreibungen von außen kreativ und subversiv umzugehen wissen. Auf diese Weise entwickeln sich postmigrantische, mehrheimische, hybride und transkulturelle Alltagspraktiken, die bisher kaum gewürdigt worden sind. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes verstehen sich daher als Plädoyer für eine andere Sicht der Dinge und als Absage an das vorauseilende Misstrauen, mit dem migrationsbedingten Phänomenen häufig begegnet wird. Dieser Reader enthält Beiträge u.a. von Wolf-Dietrich Bukow, Sabine Hess, Regina Römhild und Mark Terkessidis.

The article discusses a method for evaluating new onomastic terms, which includes two stages: the pre-textual stage and the textual one. The problem of textual criterion for assessing the need for new terms in onomastics is posed for the first time. To deal with it, the author turns to text linguistics and the theory of terminology and to the texts in which the term appears for the first time (the so-called terminology-generating texts) and offers the following parameters for evaluation: a) the distribution of terminology units in the text structure (in separate parts or passim); b) the presence of an explicative context for the term (definitions, etymon); c) the role of a new terminological unit in text cohesion (the presence of derivatives, hyper-hyponymic structures, recurrent chains). From these positions, specific terminological cases (viconym, hortensionym, trapezonym, restauronym, trophonym) are analyzed in texts written by onomasticians from Belarus and Russia. It is concluded that the compliance of the term with the textual evaluation criteria implies its transition from the status of a new term to the status of a commonly used one and, therefore, provides conditions for its terminographic fixation. At the same time, the aesthetic factor is still considered when evaluating a new term.

What can the humanities offer on the issue of animals, which neither ethology, nor evolutionism, nor natural sciences make possible? What important things can cultural research offer, that is not exhausted by animal rights ethics or sociological studies on human-animal relations? What is contributed by the studies on animals, which was lacking both in the previous model of practicing science, and in the social movements on animal rights?

The book addresses intermediary liability from the private international law perspective. It focuses on the law applicable to intermediary liability in cases where the offering of (internet) platforms or services enables infringement of intellectual property rights in several countries. Analysing the requirements of territoriality and of the lex loci protectionis rule, of Union law, and the legal conception of different forms of liability for enabling infringement in German, French, and US law, the book advocates a separate conflicts rule for intermediary liability departing from the lex loci protections rule and leading to the application of a single predictable law.

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“American republicans,” notes Forrest McDonald, “regarded selected doctrines of Montesquieu’s as being virtually on par with Holy Writ.” But exactly how the French jurist’s labyrinthian work, The Spirit of the Laws, with was published in 1748, influenced the eighteenthcentury conception of the republic is not well understood by historians or theorists. Anne M. Cohler undertakes to show the importance of Montequieu’s teaching for modern legislation and for modern political prudence generally, with specific reference to his impact on The Federalist and Tocqueville. In so doing, she delineates Montequieu’s contribution to political philosophy and suggests new ways to think about the formation of the American Constitution.To analyze the comparative politics found in the Spirit of the Laws, Cohler focuses on four fundamental principles underlying Montesquieu’s view of government: spirit, moderation, liberty, and legislation. In this endeavor she is guided by the conviction that the philosopher hews to the spirit of the laws rather than to the laws themselves—that is, to internal rather than external principles. Montesquieu, in Cohler’s argument, addresses the problem posed by the tendency to see human beings in light o universal abstractions at the expense of particular relationships, distinctions, and forms. To counter this tendency, which can be fostered by religion, Montesquieu develops a theory of prudence designed to support the world of politics and political life, necessarily an intermediate world occupying a space between universal abstractions and individual particularities.Cohler suggest that the Federalists and Tocqueville were most influenced by this preoccupation with spirit and moderation. James Madison and other Federalists, for example, were not drawn to limited government as a principled notion but rather as a consequence of understanding the context within which a moderate government must act not to become despotic. Similarly, Tocqueville extols democracy as selfgovernment as an antidote to the dangers of democracy as a rule; the character of the governed shapes the nature of the governors. These and other conclusions will prove valuable to intellectual historians, political theorists, and students of religion.

The article aims at introduction of ludic elements in the process of teaching teachers of the Polish language to foreigners. The author shows examples of lessons conducted by using ludicity methods. The main topics of this lessons includes: pre-classes, internet in teacher’s work, lessons for children and youth, and the ability to adapt games for lessons of a foreign language. The article describes basic advantages and disadvantages of using ludicity methods at the university and proves that they are necessary elements of the didactic process.

Wird der Begriff des "Königs" heute vorwiegend in einem engeren politischen Sinne verstanden und gebraucht, so war dies im ausgehenden Mittelalter anders. Denn neben den bekannten 'politischen' Königen existierten hier noch zahlreiche 'andere' Könige. Sie standen Berufsgruppen vor, führten Genossenschaften an oder wurden im Rahmen wiederkehrender Zeremonien und Bräuche zu Festkönigen gekrönt. Spielleute und Herolde, Prostituierte und Händler hatten ebenso ihre Könige wie Bogenschützen oder Adelsgesellschaften. Dabei ging es jedoch nicht um Rituale der Verkehrung oder gar um Akte der Auflehnung und Rebellion. Auch diese Könige besaßen klare Funktionen und Privilegien, eine handfeste Machtstellung innerhalb ihrer Gruppe und wurden darin von den Autoritäten akzeptiert, ja teils erst eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Band hält erstmals eine systematische Zusammenschau dieses bisher unbeachtet gebliebenen Phänomens und fragt anhand ausgewählter Beispiele nach der Funktion und der gesellschaftlichen Rolle dieser 'anderen' Könige in ihrem jeweiligen Umfeld. Damit legt er die Grundlagen für ein neues, innovatives Forschungsfeld und bereichert die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Königtum um eine neue, unerwartete Perspektive.