Open Access Books

La réintégration des républiques hispano-américaines dans l’horizon impérial européen ouvre une séquence inédite dans l’espace sud-pacifique. Au Pérou, en Bolivie et au Chili l’annexion de Saint-Domingue par l’Espagne (1861), l’expédition du Mexique (1862-1867) et l’occupation des îles Chincha par l’expédition espagnole (1864) font l’objet d’un associationnisme républicain qui appelle à de nouvelles victoires sur les empires.L’ouvrage se concentre sur la quinzaine de sociétés républicaines qui configure l’espace sud-pacifique. Ces sociétés construisent une sphère publique transnationale au nom des droits et des libertés jugés universels et fondamentalement opposés à la corruption de la royauté et à celle de la cour. Leur attachement à l’espace public se décline en de nombreuses formes d’interventions : fondation de journaux, souscriptions, discours, fêtes civiques, poèmes et iconographies politiques, distribution de feuilles volantes, violences voilées. L’analyse des sociétés républicaines ouvre ainsi la voie à une histoire culturelle du politique mettant en exergue la longue tradition républicaine de l’Amérique hispanique. Elle permet de mieux cerner la force avec laquelle l’impérialisme européen se tourne vers l’Est et le Sud dans le second tiers du xixe siècle. Les fondements idéologiques et juridiques de la critique anti-impériale hispano-américaine donneront un siècle plus tard des outils d’importance première aux acteurs de la décolonisation.

The U.S. portfolio of treaties and agreements can offer insights into the distribution and depth of U.S. international commitments, including military commitments, relationships, capabilities, and vulnerabilities in a given area. To overcome shortcomings in existing datasets and indexes to these treaties and agreements, the author developed a comprehensive database that will enhance researchers’ ability to study the full portfolio of agreements.

O livro analisa a circulação de ideias, a influência e as relações complexas entre as agências multilaterais e a agenda de pesquisas das Ciências Sociais, dando maior atenção para a Sociologia, nos últimos 20 anos. De caráter interdisciplinar, os artigos presentes na obra articulam experiências e conhecimentos dos seus autores com o campo da Sociologia, contribuindo para a renovação da agenda do desenvolvimento contemporâneo que permitem observar como se configura as relações entre a ciência, os atores e a política, considerando os organismos internacionais como agentes políticos globais em interação com diversos setores da sociedade.

Biodiversity; Nature conservation

Small RNA pathways or RNA silencing is a group of pathways, which utilize small RNAs as guides for sequence-specific repression. This collection of texts has an origin in a report prepared for the EFSA in 2016 and 2017. The original text was reorganized into twelve chapters, which were reformatted and revised in order to remove copyrighted material from third parties and provide a introductory parts for stand alone chapters. Nine of the chapters focus on small RNA pathways in animals and plants. The remaining three chapters include a general introduction and reviews of important phenomena – off-targeting and extracellular small RNAs.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.

RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2. For years vaccines have had an enormous impact on overcoming the global burden of diseases. Nowadays, a vast number of different approaches, from purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses are been employed to combat viruses. However, for many of them efficient vaccines are not yet available. This will probably change dramatically with the current Covid-19 pandemic, as a vast variety of vaccinology approaches are being tested against it, with hundreds of candidates under development, dozens of them already in clinical trials, a fact that is breaking records in vaccine development and implementation. This is becoming possible thanks to the enormous work carried out during years to have the bases for a quick response, even against unknown pathogens, in an impressive short time. Here, results obtained with different vaccine´s methodological approaches against human (HIV, HCV, HRV) animal (PRRSV, PEDV, FMDV, VHSV) and zoonotic (RVF, WNV), RNA viruses are presented by field experts.

The existence of World Literature depends on specific processes, institutions, and actors involved in the global circulation of literary works. Looking at Latin American 20th and 21st century literatures, this book analyzes the role of publishing houses, politics of translation, mediators and gatekeepers, to provide insights into the processes that enable books to cross borders and to be transformed into globally circulating commodities.

This collection of articles examines literature education in Finnish upper secondary schools. The authors of the articles are literary scholars who present current perspectives on the study of literature. The central argument is that literary education in upper secondary schools has been overly focused on textual analytical close reading, while experiential and reflective methods of dealing with literature may motivate young readers in new ways. The book consists of three sections. The first section delves into the current state of upper secondary school literature education by examining curricula and comparing upper secondary school literature teaching to the diploma programme offered by the International Baccalaureate. The second section then examines how materiality, intersectionality, and gender-conscious reading can be incorporated into literary education. The third section highlights experiential approaches to literature. The articles discuss the starting points of experiential learning, bodily and reflexive close reading, the experience of reading ecological dystopian literature, and the potential of audiobooks in school education in light of what listening means to literary education.

This book explores actors, practices and meanings of humanitarianism in Central and Eastern Europe during the twentieth century. It brings together a diverse group of scholars who offer a cutting-edge perspective on how wars and conflict, state-building processes, nationalist activism and policies, socialist politics or regime changes influenced the emergence and trajectories of humanitarian aid. It examines how international ideas and discourses about humanitarian aid have shaped its practices in the region. It also highlights the agency of aid recipients and looks at how policymakers and experts in the region co-produced paths of humanitarian aid giving. Lastly, it analyses the emergence, development and effects of local humanitarian initiatives; thus, it challenges unidirectional narratives of international and Western-centric humanitarianism.

"When Aleksis Kivi’s (1834–1872) Finnish tragedy Karkurit (‘The Escapees’) was originally published in 1867 it was considered better than his two former plays, the Kalevalaic tragedy Kullervo (1864) and the comedy Nummisuutarit (‘Heath Cobblers’, 1864). Soon these encouraging views, however, turned completely opposite. Dismissing attitudes towards Kivi’s play were dominant until the 1960s when new theatre productions made its artistic merits worthy of consideration again. The critical edition of Karkurit gives a new and more versatile image of Aleksis Kivi as a playwright and helps to understand his tragedy in the light of the changing artistic ideals of different periods and generations. The edition contains a scholarly edited and richly annotated text of the tragedy’s first edition. Expert introductions by leading authorities illuminate the multidimensional dramaturgy of the play and reflect its relation to the European drama traditions and the socio-historical context of 19th-century Finland. In addition, the introductory articles analyse Kivi’s pioneering blank verse dialogues and discuss how Karkurit was published and performed from the 19th century up to the present day. The appendices include, among others, versatile text-critical apparatuses, an overview of the first Swedish dramatization of the tragedy (1872) and an earlier version of the play, an excerpt that was originally published in a magazine one year prior to the first edition of the drama. Edith – Critical Editions of Finnish Literature Edith editions are based on scholarly analysis of manuscripts, first editions and other historical sources. They reflect and clarify Finnish literary culture for scholars, teachers and other readers interested in literature. "

Taxation is what the European Union lacks today. EU is an area of rights without duties or, rather, in which duties (including taxation) exist only vis-à-vis the individual member states to which they belong. European citizenship is therefore halved, because it is indistinguishable from national citizenship and does not express solidaristic belonging to a supranational community. The investigation into the Union's own tax is the means to address broader issues related to the being of the European Union and its citizens and having at their core the transnational declination of solidarity. The economic and financial profile - inextricably linked to the tax and its revenue - transcends into the centrality of the uses, i.e. the goods and services that the Union may be able to provide, and the indispensable overcoming of the national particularisms that this implies.

Die organische Elektronik hat sich in den letzten Jahren aus den Forschungslaboren heraus zur Marktreife entwickelt. Displays aus organischen Halbleitern werden mittlerweile von Firmen wie Samsung in Mobiltelefonen verbaut. Auch organische Solarzellen versprechen künftig einen großen Markt vieler Produkte. Ziel der Bemühungen von dieser Arbeit ist die Verwendung von kostengünstigen Druck- und Beschichtungsprozessen zur Herstellung großflächiger organischer Halbleiterbauelemente.

This is an open access book. This book contains research papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Futures (ICESF), which took place at Coventry University, UK, in 2022. The ICESF is an annual conference organised by the UK-based Doctorial Training Alliance (DTA) programme. It is a multidisciplinary conference focused on addressing the future challenges and opportunities for meeting global energy targets and sustainable development goals. The conference brought together academic researchers, industry experts and research students to showcase the latest innovations and research on a wide range of topics in the areas of energy and sustainability, including • renewable energy; • ICT and control; • computational fluid dynamics; • optimization; • conventional energy sources; • energy governance; • materials in energy research; • energy storage and • energy access.

This open access book offers unique in-depth, comprehensive, and comparative analyses of the motivations, context, and outcomes of recent land reforms in Africa. Whereas a considerable number of land reforms have been carried out by African governments since the 1990s, no systematic analysis on their meaning has so far been conducted. In the age of land reform, Africa has seen drastic rural changes. Analysing the relationship between those reforms and change, the chapters in this book reveal not only their socio-economic outcomes, such as accelerated marketisation of land, but also their political outcomes, which have often been contrasting. Countries such as Rwanda and Mozambique have utilised land reform to strengthen state control over land, but other countries, such as Ghana and Zambia, have seen the rise in power of traditional chiefs in managing the land. The comparative perspective of this book clarifies new features of African social changes, which are carefully investigated by area experts. Providing new perspectives on recent land reform, this book will have a considerable impact on scholars as well as policymakers.