Open Access Books

This is the first serious attempt to synthesize all that became known of glutathione over the last three decades. The book contains an update of glutathione biosynthesis with special emphasis on its regulation in adaptive stress responses. Other chapters review glutathione transport systems and glutathione peroxidases and their differences in substrate specificities and localization. Further contributions center on the diversified roles of different glutathione--transferases and the roles of nitrosoglutathione and glutaredoxins - a subfamily of redoxins. The book closes with discussions of the analogous or homologous thiol metabolism in pathogens and the potential suitability of involved enzymes as drug targets. Key selling features: Summarizing the way glutathione is involved in stress responses Compiling the multiple ways glutathione affects inflammatory responses Disclosing how glutathione dampens programmed cell death such as ferroptosis Exploring the enigma of how enzymes accelerate glutathione-dependent processes Discussing how detoxification and redox regulation is mediated by glutathionylation Reviewing the ways glutaredoxins catalyze protein disulfide reduction Highlighting the medical impact of glutathione-related metabolic pathways Illustrating the role thiol metabolism of pathogens might play in drug discovery

Information Technologies of interest for Culture Heritage are presented: multimedia systems, data-bases, data protection, access to digital content, Virtual Galleries. Particular reference is reserved to digital images (Electronic Imaging & the Visual Arts), regarding Cultural Institutions (Museums, Libraries, Palace – Monuments, Archaeological Sites). The International Conference includes the following Sessions: Strategic Issues; New Technologies & Applications; New 2D-3D Technical Developments & Applications; Virtual Galleries – Museums and Related Initiatives; Access to the Culture Information. Two Workshops regard: International Cooperation; Innovation and Enterprise.

Que peut nous apprendre le livre arabe d’aujourd’hui sur les sociétés qui le produisent et le consomment ? Dans quelle mesure l’évidente islamisation des marchés éditoriaux du monde arabe et musulman accompagne-t-elle, voire produit-elle, un vaste mouvement de transformation, sociale et politique, à l’œuvre dans cette région du monde ? L’Égypte, par le rôle qu’elle remplit, non seulement dans le domaine du livre - premier pays d’édition en langue arabe avec près de 60 % de l’ensemble de la production imprimée à la fin des années 1950 - mais plus générale­ment sur la scène culturelle arabe tout entière, offre un terrain particulièrement fécond pour l’observation des politiques et des pratiques culturelles. Elle garde, encore maintenant, valeur de repère, du Maroc à l’Indonésie. Mais en dépit des travaux nombreux sur les élites, la grille de lecture, pour être pertinente, réclamait de rompre avec les représentations convenues. C’est ce que l’auteur s’est efforcé de faire : en suivant les trajectoires des gens du livre, en décrivant leurs milieux profession­nels, les moyens d’impression et les réseaux de diffusion, en remettant en perspective la place de l’imprimé dans les différents médias, en précisant le contour des lectorats, Yves Gonzalez-Quijano propose une histoire sociale et économique du champ intellectuel égyptien.

Disinformation is one of the most significant problems of modern societies. Its mechanisms and effects, as well as possible ways to counteract it, are of interest to various institutions. The book presents reflections based on disinformation research conducted within the Central European Digital Media Observatory. The authors represent different research approaches and use different methodologies. Thanks to this, we were able to present an in-depth and multithreaded picture of disinformation, both from the perspective of its actors, structures and impact on the audience. The texts deal with the most significant crises of recent years, which contributed to the strengthening of disinformation tendencies, such as the Covid-19 pandemic or Russia’s aggression in Ukraine.

The work to be illustrated shows the comparison of the economic and environmental impact analysis in astudy case: "Dredging work on the seabed of the port of Termoli 2018". The entry into force of Ministerial Decree 173/2016 (ecotoxicological characterization of the sediments of the dredging area and of the diving area led). The new assessment required the search for solutions that summarized the economic aspects, linked to the financing available, and the adoption of a new technology that would allow a system process aimed at a better environmental protection.

This book investigates new English language policies and initiatives which have been introduced and implemented across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela. Chapters are organized around three themes. Chapters in the first section critically examine newly-implemented English language policies, as well as factors that contribute to and prevent the implementation of such policies. Chapters in the second section describe and analyze current teacher preparation and teacher development initiatives, in addition to the challenges and opportunities associated with such initiatives. Finally, the third section features school- and classroom-based research designed to investigate the status of English language teaching and the implementation of innovative programs. All authors have a first-hand understanding of the South American context and draw on references and resources which originate beyond Inner Circle countries. The book showcases examples of innovation and success in a variety of complex contexts and will serve as a starting point for researchers, as well as being of interest to students, policymakers and stakeholders. This book is open access under a CC BY NC ND licence.

The subject Islamic theology, which was founded eleven years ago, was politically expected to train imams who promote integration. The author empirically investigates how students of Islamic theology deal with these expectations. The book shows that the actors' attributions of meaning is interwoven with the state's approach to religion and the academic discipline's approach to Islam. The result is the concept of biographical Islamicity, i.e. a central mode of experience of Muslims in minority contexts. The actors institutionalise the image of a plural Islam. The book provides a sociological contribution to the discussions about religious-secular constellations in the society.

Le droit international de l’environnement, souvent présenté comme un droit empreint de jeunesse, a en fait atteint une certaine maturité. Né dans la mouvance de la Conférence des Nations unies sur l’environnement humain qui s’est tenue à Stockholm en juin 1972, il s’est depuis considérablement développé au gré de l’adoption de nombreux accords et instruments de portée régionale et universelle. Les attentes sont maintenant tournées vers la nécessité d’un droit plus prescriptif, en complément d’un droit d’exhortation et d’incitation. Si des pas sont accomplis en matière de mise en œuvre des engagements, la protection de l’environnement fait face au défi de sa réalisation concrète, aussi nommée « effectivité », dans un contexte d’urgence écologique. De nouvelles approches s’esquissent pour répondre à cet enjeu, impliquant acteurs publics et privés. Cet ouvrage analyse ces développements, notamment l’évolution du contenu des normes et des standards, la judiciarisation de l’application du droit international de l’environnement ou encore la reconnaissance de droits à la nature.

Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse and controlling behaviors inflicted within intimate partner relationships, is a global crisis that extends beyond national and sociocultural boundaries, affecting people of all ages, religions, ethnicities, and economic backgrounds. Though studies exist that seek to explain how people become trapped within violent relationships and what factors facilitate survival, escape and safety, this book provides fresh insights into this complex and multifaceted issue. People often ask of women in abusive relationships “why does she stay?” Critics suggest that this question carries implicit notions of victim blame and fails to hold to account the perpetrators of abuse. The studies described in this book, however, explore the question from the perspectives of survivors and represent a shift away from individual pathology to an approach based on the recognition of structural oppression, agency and resilience. Comprising eight chapters, new theoretical frameworks for the analysis of IPV are provided to guide practitioners and policy makers in improving services for vulnerable people in abusive relationships, and a range of studies into the experiences of a diverse range of survivors, including mothers in Portugal, women who experienced child marriage in Uganda, and refugees in the United States of America, generate findings which elucidate perspectives from marginalised and under-researched groups.

Between 1800 and 1880 approximately 6500 Dutch Jews immigrated to the United States to join the hundreds who had come during the colonial era. Although they numbered less than one-tenth of all Dutch immigrants and were a mere fraction of all Jews in America, the Dutch Jews helped build American Jewry and did so with a nationalistic flair. Like the other Dutch immigrant group, the Jews demonstrated the salience of national identity and the strong forces of ethnic, religious, and cultural institutions. They immigrated in family migration chains, brought special job skills and religious traditions, and founded at least three ethnic synagogues led by Dutch rabbis. The Forerunners offers the first detailed history of the immigration of Dutch Jews to the United States and to the whole American diaspora. Robert Swierenga describes the life of Jews in Holland during the Napoleonic era and examines the factors that caused them to emigrate, first to the major eastern seaboard cities of the United States, then to the frontier cities of the Midwest, and finally to San Francisco. He provides a detailed look at life among the Dutch Jews in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans. This is a significant volume for readers interested in Jewish history, religious history, and comparative studies of religious declension. Immigrant and social historians likewise will be interested in this look at a religious minority group that was forced to change in the American environment.

The role of music during the German occupation of Norway (1940-45) proves to be an exceptional case for cultural opposition in a dictatorship. Few famous musicians, some local celebrities and innumerous hardly known activists preferred artistic instead of militant means to demonstrate reluctance, spread information, contradict the legitimacy of the German occupants and raise the moral strength of fellow countrymen in Norway and abroad, while risking to be caught, incarcerated and driven into exile. The indispensable advantage was the popular belief of art as an apolitical matter so that music even could reach into fields that would have been inaccessible to open political agitation. Based on considerable findings in public archives and private collections, this book discusses music in concentration camps in Norway and the fate of Jewish musicians, portrays choirs, military ensembles, orchestral and church music in Norway. It further analyzes Harald Sæverud’s 5th symphony and Moses Pergament’s choir symphony Den judiska sången, illustrates the exile of musicians in Stockholm and discusses resistance music in historic media such as the Errol Flynn-movie Edge of Darkness (1943), recapitulated by a model for music as resistance.

Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 introduces the key concepts of sociocultural theory (SCT) as they apply to the teaching and acquisition of Spanish as a second and foreign language. Contributions from leading experts from across the globe, both well-established and emerging scholars, offer an in-depth view of how a sociocultural approach can impact the teaching and learning of Spanish. The first book on this subject to be written in Spanish, this unique volume examines the transformation that sociocultural ideas are producing and conceives learning and development as sociocultural and interpersonal activities. It highlights the objective of evaluation and research as dynamic intervention tools for learning and growth, the active role learners must play, and how a sociocultural approach illuminates the importance of mediation in the learning and development processes of the individual. Key features include: An interview with James P. Lantolf, one of the most prominent researchers in SCT applied to second languages A consistent use of sociocultural theory terminology in Spanish throughout A homogeneous chapter structure which makes it easy to consult Its own newly developed theoretical and research proposals An online glossary of relevant terms in sociocultural theory with brief definitions Designed for those with no prior knowledge of the subject area, Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 provides straightforward and accessible explanations of SCT accompanied by specific and practical applications for the language classroom. It is an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying to teach Spanish, as well as researchers in Spanish second language acquisition.

Studierende gelten als eine soziale Gruppe, die zu kritischen und rebellischen Haltungen neigt - dies legt zumindest ein Blick in die jüngere deutsche Geschichte nahe. Doch trifft dieser Eindruck von potenziell aktivistischen Studierenden auch tatsächlich zu oder handelt es sich dabei eher um einen lieb gewonnenen Mythos? Julian Schenke geht dieser Frage nach und sucht nach Anhaltspunkten für besondere Potenziale politischer Aktivität unter deutschen Studierenden. Dabei bewegt er sich in der interdisziplinären Schnittmenge von Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft und liefert eindrucksvolle Ergebnisse für die Demokratieforschung aus Geschichte und Gegenwart.

Organic pollutants cause several environmental problems if discharged to air or water body. The occurrence of organic pollutants in the ecosystem, their risk and removal methods are very important issues .This book deals with several aspects of organic pollutants, especially in the light of organic pollutants monitoring, risk assessment as well as the practical application of different techniques for removing it from the environment. The book is divided into three sections contains 9 chapters. The first section explains monitoring of organic pollutants in soil and water. The second section discusse its risk to human, soil and plants. The third section focuse on the different treatment process for the removal of organic pollutants.

Transcription and study of an unpublished manuscript, written at the end of the 17th century, by D. Inácio de Ataíde, professor at the University of Coimbra and holy preacher, with the biography of a military man from the War of the Restoration, D. Francisco de Azevedo and Ataíde, fieldmaster general and governor of the arms of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, with the account of numerous episodes that occurred in this province and in the province of Alentejo